歴史学 — 全 下位分類

Two eminent historians offer a groundbreaking study of the origins of race in early modern Western Europe, tracing its development through Enlightenment justifications of global hierarchy and colonization.

Race is often thought of as an invention of the eighteenth century. In this ambitious book, the first to provide a complete origin story of race, Jean-Frederic Schaub and Silvia Sebastiani trouble that notion, tracing the concept of race back to the roots of the Renaissance and following its evolution in succeeding centuries. Crucially, they show how race, racialization, and antisemitism developed alongside?rather than despite?the political and scientific advances of the period. Major Enlightenment thinkers advanced universalism while also taking part in debates about human origins, miscegenation, and the genealogy of race, at once advocating for equality and dividing human beings into rigid hierarchies.

Beginning with early modern conceptions of “blood purity” among nobles, Schaub and Sebastiani reveal how supposed impurity developed into an elaborate system of classification that justified notions of racial superiority. Initially, impurity was exemplified by Jewish and Muslim conversos in Iberia; later, impurity became a trait associated with New World populations of mixed Spanish, African, and Indigenous ancestry. Examining the creation of racial markers, Schaub and Sebastiani demonstrate how emerging demarcations and structures of belonging were implemented across empires, often with ambiguity or contradictions.

Covering more than three hundred years of transatlantic history and drawing on diverse sources, including scientific papers, artworks, and philosophical treatises, The Western Idea of Race is a revelatory account. It lays bare one of the key foundations of modern social inequality.

A wide-ranging and engaging history?of?medieval Britain and Ireland, from the Norman Conquest to the Reformation

Before the turn of the first millennium, the British and Irish Isles were made up of four divided and very different nations. Neither Wales nor Ireland were cohesive political units, while Scottish and English royal authority was extending throughout each country but in a slow piecemeal way. But, after the year 1000 efforts were made, for the first time since the Roman occupation, to bring these diverse communities together.

David Green explores the intertwined histories of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland during a period of extraordinary change. Tracing events across the five hundred years after the millennium, he considers foundational questions about the relationships between peoples and governments in the Isles. Green shows, crucially, how identities evolved and examines the changing nature of the connections which bound the many nations and regions together.?

In this fascinating account, Green reveals the Isles during this period to be a single, although not a homogenous, unit?one shaped through the links, commonalities and distinctions within the archipelago.

This book offers a comprehensive history of technology?spanning not only the vast sweep of time suggested by its title, but also the breadth of human civilization across the globe. Although our lives have become increasingly dependent on technology, its history remains surprisingly little known.

Rather than presenting mathematical formulas or technical detail, the book focuses on facts, stories, and reflections that often lie beyond common knowledge. Its aim is to reveal unexpected connections, stimulate critical thought, and illuminate the often hidden interactions between technological innovation and the political, economic, cultural, and religious forces that have shaped human societies.

Covering the major technological developments from prehistory to the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, this first volume explores how innovations emerged, spread, and evolved. It examines why some technologies transformed the world while others disappeared, how different civilizations adopted similar inventions in different ways, and why identical technologies often produced profoundly different consequences across places and periods.

Looking ahead, the book also reflects on the technologies that appear most promising today?while reminding us that every technological advance carries both opportunities and risks. Since the first chipped flint could serve either to secure food or to take a human life, technology has remained neither inherently good nor evil. Two million years later, that fundamental dilemma is unchanged. Its consequences still depend on the choices of those who create and use it.

Adventurous romance.

Ethiopian Story by Heliodorus of Emesa (modern Homs in Syria), written probably in the 360s AD and alternatively entitled Theagenes and Charicleia after its protagonists, represents the stylistic and narratological acme of ancient prose fiction and was an important literary model during the Byzantine Empire and throughout Europe from the sixteenth century onward.

Set in the vanished world of the independent Greek city-state, drawing on the whole literature of the classical Greek past, and narrated with thrilling virtuosity, the novel reimagines the standard plot of the romantic novel in its story of Charicleia, a seventeen-year-old girl, the white child of the king and queen of Ethiopia, who is abandoned at birth and raised by foster fathers Ethiopian, Greek, and Egyptian in the shadow of the baleful Persian Empire. She and Theagenes, a descendant of Achilles with whom she falls in love, survive wanderings and perils by their valor and their wits until they arrive in Ethiopia, where Charicleia’s identity is confirmed in the most elaborate of all recognition-scenes, and she and Theagenes are given priesthoods. Charicleia embodies an open and decentered world where Hellenism is no longer the privileged vantage-point and identity can be shaped by culture, chosen, and personalized. The values embodied and safeguarded by the hero and heroine, in particular marriage, chastity, and a code of elite morality, were not only cherished as hallmarks of Greek civilization but increasingly valorized under the Empire. For an age characterized by great religious and philosophical diversity, Ethiopian Story cleanses and ennobles these values, and thus showcases a vision of paganism fundamentally Greek but available to all.

This edition features text, translation, and explanatory material fully current with modern scholarship.

From the final decades of US slavery to the present, a powerful and illuminating history of a profound inequity: the special burden of infant care and loss experienced by Black women.

In the United States, Black infants are far less likely than white infants to survive their first year of life. Underlying this predicament is a history of profound loss and persistent striving, which has durably shaped Black life in America. Following generations of mothers, caregivers, laborers, and activists from the final decades of slavery to the present, Perilous Passages chronicles the intimate practices and collective strategies Black communities created and relied upon to sustain early life threatened by disease, inadequate medical care, and racialized harm.

Perilous Passages examines nineteenth-century domestic care practices that carried families through the violence of slavery and war, and traces Black eugenic ideas, the efforts of various grassroots movements, and myths and realities surrounding the 1980s panic over “crack babies.” Health professionals, legal officials, and scientific experts exerted pressure, sometimes directly?as in antimidwifery campaigns?and sometimes more subtly, through life insurance practices that devalued Black life. Wangui Muigai shows that at every turn, authorities recast infant deaths as the fault of Black women, with ongoing impact on birthing experiences and outcomes. Still, Black women and their communities have always done more than bear loss. They have produced vital knowledge about its causes, trained in specialized care, developed networks of cradle-to-grave support, and organized to reform society in ways that safeguard children.

Centering Black women’s experiences, Perilous Passages insists on visceral confrontation with the deadliness of American racism while also offering a powerful account of what makes life possible.

A pioneering classicist explores how ancient Greeks and Romans understood their own racial and ethnic identities, offering lessons for our increasingly divided world today

In modern times, people have interpreted and misinterpreted the history, literature, art, architecture, and archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome to lend authority to their own ideas of race and ethnicity. The ancient Greeks and Romans, however, did not adhere to modern racial categories. They were incredibly diverse: they lived on three continents, had various skin colors, and spoke multiple languages.

Rebecca Futo Kennedy traces how ancient Greeks and Romans engaged with the concepts of race and ethnicity and examines how the ancients attempted to understand group identities. While modern race and ancient ways of understanding human variation share many characteristics, including underlying prejudices and fears, where they differ can offer new ways to think about how we interact and live together as humans in an increasingly global society. Modern claims to the legacy of the ancient Greeks and Romans have shaped national identities, informed foreign policy decisions, fueled wars, and driven imperialism and genocide. These uses of ancient history in the present provide ample reasons for why the study of ancient Greece and Rome still matters.

Speak American explores how language tied together race, power, and citizenship in Territorial Hawai‘i from 1924 to 1960 via the public K?12 English Standard School System. In this segregated system, children were tested for spoken English fluency: those who passed were placed in elite classes or schools, while others remained in regular classrooms. Proposed by white mothers, the policy used language as a tool to implement de facto racial separation, privileging those who already spoke English rather than teaching it to those who didn’t. This dynamic was enabled by "listening regimes" (disciplinary practices that trained educators and the public to listen for and reward Standard English), while marginalizing Hawai‘i Creole English, the everyday language of plantation and urban life.

Drawing on archival records, interviews, and school alumni events, the book introduces the concept of the "panauricon"?a listening-based counterpart to Foucault’s visual panopticon?to describe how language surveillance reinforced and extended social hierarchies. A century later, debates over monolingualism and national identity persist, making this study of Hawai‘i’s historic linguistic politics both timely and urgent.

On graduating high school, many American students believe that the Middle Ages was full of knights, war, all-powerful popes, and, if their content went beyond Europe, potentially an incredibly wealthy man named Mansa Musa, and a Mesoamerican ballgame. In this version of the past, medieval people were backward, dirty, and all believed the earth was flat. While people who work within this chronological time period recognize its complexity, most students are not exposed to the history of the middle ages until they take upper level or graduate classes at universities, if they ever get that far. Given recent national and international events, it is evident that leaving this complicated and nuanced history for so late in a person’s educational journey is doing a social as well as educational disservice.
In a quest to help teachers remediate this problem, several scholars of the global Middle Ages and Medievalisms have written lesson guides to be used by teachers of World and United States history for grades six through twelve. the goal is to create a collection that a teacher would be able to implement in their classroom with minimal additional work.

Musicians and cultural institutions in Nazi Germany saw opera as a means of eliminating the division between bourgeois art and everyday life in service of fostering a national?Volksgemeinschaft?(people’s community). In pursuit of this political project, they turned to aesthetic strategies pioneered by the avant-garde movements of the Weimar Republic.?Drawing from aesthetic theory, source studies, unpublished correspondence, and new archival sources, this book?traces the development of avant-garde music theatre in the Third Reich through local and national developments in patronage and musical craft, rethinking both cultural policy in historical fascism and its implications for the contemporary avant-garde.

The second edition of this book presents an updated history of globalization as a network-based story in the context of Big History. The authors trace the emergence, growth, interconnection, and merging of various types of networks from pre-historic times to modernity. They also focus on the development of certain ideas, processes, institutions, and phenomena that spread through those networks to become truly global.
The book specifies seven macro-periods in the history of globalization from the Big Bang to World War I. For each period, it identifies the most important network-related developments that had the greatest impacts on the history of globalization. By analyzing the World System's transition to new levels of complexity and connectivity, the book provides valuable insights into the course of Big History and the evolution of global networks, processes, and institutions.