哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

The foundational critique of capitalism that transformed social science forever

In Capital: The Economics Classic, Karl Marx combines vivid historical detail with economic analysis to produce a penetrating examination of mid-Victorian capitalist society. This abridged edition makes Marx's most influential work accessible to modern readers while preserving the analytical depth that established it as the most significant work in twentieth- century political economy.

Capital depicts the unfolding of industrial capitalism as a tragic drama, revealing the mechanisms of exploitation, accumulation, and crisis that drive market economies. Marx accomplished for social science what Darwin achieved for biology, providing a systematic framework for understanding economic and social relations. This classic text retains its relevance for contemporary financial and economic discourse.

• A systematic critique of classical political economy that reveals the inner workings of capitalist production and exchange
• Historical analysis tracing the development of industrial capitalism including a depiction of the horrors of the 19th century factory system including the employment of children
• Theoretical frameworks for understanding labour, value, and capital that continue to inform economic debate today
• Insights into economic crises, inequality, and market dynamics that speak directly to current financial and political discussions

This accessible abridged edition distils Marx's essential arguments without sacrificing analytical rigor or historical depth. Included is an insightful Introduction by Tom Butler-Bowdon that assesses the intellectual influence of Capital on the world.

Essential reading for students of economics, political science, history, and sociology, Capital speaks to anyone seeking to understand the foundations of modern economic thought. This edition serves professionals, academics, and general readers interested in the intellectual roots of contemporary debates about markets, labour, and inequality.

This book offers an innovative focus on altruism, in which the concept is considered as not just a moral or psychological phenomenon, but as a foundational component of human identity. It explores altruism from both theoretical and applied perspectives, making use of the second-person philosophy to shift enquiry from self-centred ethics to relational identity. With an interdisciplinary scope that spans the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, economics, medicine, ecology, communication, pedagogy, theology and sociology, this contributed volume provides a rich and holistic understanding of altruism. Its international contributors offer an expert response to current anthropological and social crises by way of a new paradigm - one of proximity and care. The book will be of interest to a mixed audience of scholars and students in the fields of philosophy, theology, psychology, sociology, education, medical humanities, and communication studies, particularly those engaged in interdisciplinary research on altruism.

This volume functions as an applied reader for core concepts in Japanese aesthetics, each situated in relationship to specific cultural products or aesthetic approaches to the creation of art ranging from Japan's classical age to the present day.
Opening with seven chapters dedicated to foundational values associated with the traditional literary and performing arts (among them, mono no aware, miyabi, ma, wabi-sabi, hie, yugen, basara, hana, and the crucial theme of seasonality), the handbook proceeds to frame aesthetic discourse through ongoing debates concerning Japan's antiquity as well as what factors constitute modernity as interpreted through cultural practices (senshafuda), architecture (Ise Jingu), urban landscapes (neon signage and lettering), and major literary or visual art movements. In the latter half of the volume, contributors grapple with pervasive popular culture concepts such as kawaii (cuteness) that evolved from antecedents in the premodern visual arts as well as neoteric notions like itai that have emerged more recently out of modern anime and video game cultures.
Accessible to lay readers and specialists alike, the Handbook of Japanese Aesthetics constitutes a crucial addition to the limited body of scholarship designed to synthesize and explain Japanese aesthetics in practice.

Wie blicken wir heute auf Michel Foucault? Wie laesst sich die Wirkung seines vielgelesenen und vielkritisierten Werks in unserer Zeit einschaetzen? Auf der einen Seite zaehlt es zu den kanonischen Quellen der neueren Geistes-, Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften, die Foucault so tiefgreifend gepraegt hat wie sonst wohl kein anderer Autor der Nachkriegszeit. Auf der anderen Seite wird er in immer wiederkehrenden Debatten fuer irrationale Verirrungen und relativistische Sackgassen des zeitgenoessischen Denkens verantwortlich gemacht.

Martin Saar und Frieder Vogelmann praesentieren in ihrer scharfsinnigen philosophischen Sondierung von Foucaults Vermaechtnis weder eine unanfechtbare Autoritaet noch stossen sie auf eine Zersetzung von Wahrheit, eine Verabsolutierung von Identitaet und eine Zersplitterung von Politik. Vielmehr entdecken sie ein hochbewegliches diagnostisches Denken, das sich den Voraussetzungen dessen widmet, was jeweils als wahr, authentisch oder legitim gilt. Foucaults beruehmte distanzierende Operationen sind dabei primaer Ausdruck eines Denkstils, der auf Intervention in die politisch-soziale Wirklichkeit zielt. Der philosophischen Kritik Foucaults geht es um nicht weniger als um die Bedingungen unserer Existenz.

This book examines one of the most contested questions in contemporary bioethics: should religion be permitted a seat at the table of bioethics? To address this question, it brings secular and religious bioethicists into structured confrontation across core topics including abortion, conscientious objection, medically assisted dying, circumcision, and human enhancement. Contributors present contrasting arguments, enabling systematic comparison of their underlying assumptions, methods, and normative commitments. Structured to facilitate critical engagement rather than synthesis, the volume critically examines the claimed epistemic authority and public legitimacy of religious reasoning in bioethics, and the conditions under which such perspectives may - or may not - meet the standards of public reason, inclusivity, and rational justification. The book will interest bioethicists, philosophers, theologians, clinicians, and policymakers concerned with the limits of moral authority in medicine and biomedical science.

Chapter "Should religion be permitted a seat at the table of bioethics? The case of abortion" is available open access under a Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Navigates religious hybridity with a systematic typology and critical framework

As exposure to multiple religious traditions increases, scholars and practitioners face complex questions about religious belonging and identity. In Between Religions: On Religious Hybridity and Belonging surveys arguments for and against multiple religious belonging while offering a systematic typology of religious hybridity. Catherine Cornille, Professor of Comparative Theology at Boston College, examines this phenomenon from both individual and institutional perspectives.

This volume analyzes the constituent components of religious belonging and develops degrees and kinds of religious hybridity into a coherent framework. It maintains a critical realist view of discrete religions while acknowledging fluid boundaries. The final chapter explores how religious traditions themselves can engage constructively with hybridity, offering resources for theological and phenomenological reflection on interreligious engagement.

Readers will find:

• A comprehensive survey of scholarly arguments developed around multiple religious belonging and religious hybridity across diverse traditions and contexts
• Systematic analysis of what religious belonging entails, examining its dimensions and constituent components from phenomenological and theological perspectives
• A strong typology distinguishing various kinds and degrees of religious hybridity for clearer scholarly and practical discussion
• Critical examination of religious hybridity from the self-understanding of religious traditions themselves rather than solely from individual perspectives
• Constructive approaches for how religious traditions can engage with and learn from the phenomenon of religious hybridity

Designed for upper undergraduate and graduate courses in lived religion, interreligious dialogue, multiple religious belonging, religious pluralism, and comparative religion, In Between Religions provides scholars and students with analytical tools for understanding one of contemporary religion's most significant phenomena.

Was meinen wir, wenn wir von Realitaet sprechen? Was bedeutet Realismus im Denken? Wie tritt der Mensch in Kontakt mit der Wirklichkeit? In intensiver Auseinandersetzung mit dem Wirklichkeitsbegriff arbeitet Blumenberg meisterhaft dessen historische, anthropologische und kulturelle Dimensionen heraus. Er zeigt unter anderem, dass die Thematisierung dessen, was wir Wirklichkeit nennen, auf Umwegen geschieht und auch erst dann, wenn wir durch eine Stoerung gezwungen werden, unseren selbstverstaendlichen Weltzugang zu hinterfragen. Realitaet und Realismus ist ein Glanzstueck und entscheidender Baustein von Blumenbergs Theorie der Lebenswelt.

This work considers animal welfare from a broad and especially humanitarian perspective, with a particular focus on the world's major animal producer - China.

Leading Chinese academics provide information regarding both all the major animal species used for livestock production, pigs, poultry, cattle and sheep, as well as less well understood types of farmed animals, rabbits, goats and aquaculture species. As such, the present book provides a novel perspective on the welfare of farmed animal species across the country. In addition, there are chapters on the future developments in animal welfare and the current state of laws that include animal welfare considerations.

There is growing interest in farm animal welfare in China, mainly under the guise of improved animal husbandry. This unique collection is topical and has been carefully compiled. It will be of interest to anyone concerned with the welfare of animals, including students and veterinarians, as well as animal scientists and professionals in the international and Chinese meat and livestock industry. This volume opens a window onto a vast and complex animal production network in the world's largest producer of farmed animals.

Klagen ueber ≫Hypermoral≪, ≫Wokeness≪ oder ≫Tugendterror≪ praegen die politische Debatte. Was frueher Anspruch war, erscheint heute als Bedrohung: Die Moralisierung der Politik gilt vielen als Gefahr fuer die demokratische Ordnung. Doch was ist dran an der Diagnose einer uebermoralisierten Gesellschaft?

Cord Schmelzle analysiert praezise das Verhaeltnis von Politik und Moral und zeigt, unter welchen Bedingungen moralische Argumente fuer unsere politischen Auseinandersetzungen unverzichtbar sind und wann sie in problematischen Moralismus umschlagen. Waehrend sich die Kritik an der Moral als Versuch der Konservierung der bestehenden (Macht-)Verhaeltnisse erweist, sind moralische Interventionen ein wichtiger Faktor zur Selbstkorrektur von Gesellschaften ? der gelegentlich uebers Ziel hinausschiesst. Entscheidend ist nicht, Moral aus der Politik zu verbannen, sondern besser moralisch zu streiten.

This book offers a major rethinking of secularisation and a defining sociological account of religion in the digital age. Based on the author's ESRC-funded PhD and developed over two decades of research and theoretical refinement, the book argues that modernity does not eliminate religion but reorganises it. Rather than treating spirituality as a residue of tradition or a symptom of fragmentation, it demonstrates how religious meaning is reflexively reconstructed under conditions of globalisation, market rationality, institutional uncertainty, and digital mediation.

Advancing a new framework of reflexive realism, the book provides a flagship theoretical intervention in the sociology of religion. It introduces an original "origins-orientations" typology for analysing the diversity of New Religious and Spiritual Movements and integrates classical theory with contemporary social analysis. Drawing on extensive qualitative fieldwork, interviews, participant observation, and digital ethnography conducted across Britain, the United States, and online communities, it offers a sustained empirical foundation for its theoretical claims.

Through detailed case studies of ISKCON, Falun Gong, Scientology, UFO religions, therapeutic spiritualities, and platform-native digital movements, the book addresses key themes including digital religion, algorithmic authority, commodified spirituality, post-secular mythologies, and AI-mediated faith. It shows how platforms, metrics, and data infrastructures are reshaping charisma, authority, and spiritual experience, positioning NRSMs as reflexive mediators through which individuals reconstruct meaning, embodiment, and transcendence in late modern society.

By reinterpreting secularisation as transformation rather than decline, this book provides a comprehensive and conceptually ambitious account of religious change in the twenty-first century. It will be essential reading for scholars and advanced students in sociology of religion, religious studies, cultural sociology, anthropology, and media and communication studies.

This open access book examines the role of religion in the emerging academic and policy discourses on the polycrisis-also termed the metacrisis or permacrisis. Drawing on philosophy, economics, and the comparative study of religion, the book develops a conceptual map and shared vocabulary for engaging the interlocking challenges of our age, which threaten multiple simultaneous regional instabilities across the world system. As current political, economic, social, and ecological frameworks are stretched to their limits, Akhtar explores how the world's religious traditions can be accessed as sources of spiritual inspiration and moral imagination to chart new pathways beyond our collective paralysis. Advancing a covenantal pluralistic response, the volume offers scholars, students, and policymakers a generative framework for navigating overlapping crises through interreligious wisdom. Essential reading for those working at the intersection of religion, ethics, public policy, and the global polycrisis.

A survey of the contemporary intersection between religion and violence

In this second edition, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence assembles an international, interdisciplinary group of scholars to map the complex relationships between religion and violence. This book explains how religious traditions intersect with political conflict, collective violence, and social upheaval in a wide range of contexts that reflect academic, social, and political developments since the publication of the first edition.

New and updated chapters address political theology, White Christian Nationalism in the United States, Hindu nationalism in India, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, religion and mass atrocities, sexual orientation and gender identity, nationalism and political Islam in Turkey, Shia Islam and Hezbollah, and religion, violence, and Latin American drug trafficking. A new introduction frames these developments within broader analytical contexts.

Readers will also find:

• Updated case studies covering Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Act of 2023 and the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine
• Interdisciplinary perspectives from historians, political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists, theologians, and scholars of gender studies and communication
• Focused analysis of Christian nationalism, Hindu nationalism, and political Islam as distinct contemporary phenomena
• Coverage of religion's role in mass atrocities, drug trafficking violence, and politically-motivated conflicts across multiple global regions

Designed for scholars, advanced students, and research libraries in religious studies, political science, and related disciplines, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence delivers a rigorous, up-to-date reference that connects theoretical analysis with pressing contemporary developments at the intersection of religion and violence.

This book celebrates the 70th anniversary of the publication of Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations by discussing the legacy of this seminal work and its enduring contributions to many areas of human practice such as artistic, scientific, and religious studies closely related to philosophical analyses. Chapters in this contributed volume reassess the debates around the Philosophical Investigations by discussing the different interpretations of Wittgenstein's late philosophy, especially the idea that philosophical investigations are grammatical ones.

To achieve this goal, authors in this volume look not only at the contributions in Wittgenstein's "pure philosophy" (e.g., the development of new methodological tools), but also his impact on sciences such as mathematics, psychology, medicine, law, anthropology etc.; arts such as music and literature; religious studies etc. Authors were invited to illustrate in different domains the applications of the grammatical therapeutic approach to philosophy showing how we can dissolve metaphysical problems in each area of human activity to reach complete clarity. Only then grammatical therapy is successful, that is, "cures" the disorders of metaphysics bringing tranquility to our thoughts and a "healthy" understanding of the workings of language.

Philosophy as Grammatical Therapy: Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations will be of interest to researchers interested in the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein from different fields within philosophy, such as philosophy of language, philosophy of science, philosophy of art, philosophy of law, philosophy of religion and philosophical anthropology.

This book advances a bold phenomenological foundation for animal legal personhood. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty, care ethics, ethology, Indigenous studies, and critical human-animal scholarship, Aubert develops a post-anthropocentric account of animals as embodied, intentional, communicative, and vulnerable agents. The book challenges dominant cognitive and anthropocentric criteria for inclusion in moral and legal communities, proposing instead an ethics grounded in attentiveness, relationality, and embodied communication. Through vivid multispecies encounters, Aubert identifies animals' fundamental interests and preference-based agency, advancing a framework for translating their standpoints into legal institutions. Interweaving analytic clarity with personal reflection, this interdisciplinary study reimagines animal rights, legal subjecthood, and ecological care for the Anthropocene, offering an innovative path forward for law, ethics, and environmental humanities.

This Open Access book?explores the concept of the open city, examining its theoretical foundations, normative implications, and real-world practices in contemporary urban planning.

The chapters move from conceptual debates on openness and empirical cases, investigating how cities address key challenges such as democracy, freedom, inclusion, creativity, learning, governance, and urban change. Contributors examine tensions between order and disorder, openness and closure, and ask who benefits from urban transformation and under what conditions. By connecting urban theory with planning practice, the volume offers a critical yet accessible reflection on the future of cities.

Developed through the work of the Thematic Group “Ethics, Values and Planning” of the Association of European Schools of Planning, this book provides an essential resource for scholars, practitioners, and students interested in open cities, urban governance, democratic planning, and institutional design.

A rigorous philosophical examination of the ethical dimensions of art

The relationship between art and ethics remains one of the most contested areas in philosophical aesthetics. Art and Morality offers a sustained investigation of how artworks engage moral life?through the emotions they arouse, the beliefs they shape, and the evaluative frameworks we apply to them. Written by a leading philosopher of art, history, and ethics, the book presents arguments for and against the ethical significance of artistic experience with analytical precision.

Three chapters examine the ways art engenders emotions for both good and ill, analyzing competing positions on whether emotional responses carry genuine moral weight. A fourth chapter turns to cognition, investigating art's capacity to influence moral beliefs. The final two chapters engage directly with autonomism?the position that art should be appreciated solely for its own sake, independent of social practices including morality?presenting arguments both supporting and challenging this view.

Art and Morality serves undergraduate and graduate courses on the relation of art to morality and society. Written in an accessible style, it also addresses general readers drawn to philosophical questions raised by the arts, providing a structured framework for debates that have shaped aesthetics over two centuries.