Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

ヒュームの『奇跡論』の評価
Larmer, Robert A., Hume's Counterfeit Check: An Appraisal of Hume's "Of Miracles". XXII, 204 pp. 2025:2 (P. Lang, SZ) <746-40>
ISBN 978-1-63667-945-7 hard ¥23,823.- (税込) SFR 98.00

Hume’s essay "Of Miracles" has the reputation of providing, in Hume’s own words, an "everlasting check" to accepting reports of miracles. Author Robert Larmer demonstrates that this reputation is undeserved. Taking seriously the environment in which "Of Miracles" was composed reveals that its arguments are neither original to Hume nor compelling. Both before and after the publication of "Of Miracles" these arguments received devastating criticisms by Hume’s predecessors and contemporaries. Contemporary revisionary attempts to defend the argument by insisting that Hume cannot really have meant what he has traditionally been understood to claim are inevitably guilty of eisegesis and systematically ignoring crucial passages fatal to their idiosyncratic readings. The clarity of Larmer’s writing makes Hume’s Counterfeit Check accessible both to professional academics and interested lay persons. Anyone interested in assessing the rationality of accepting testimonial evidence for the occurrence of miracles should view this book as required reading. "Hume’s Counterfeit Check is the best book on the historical context and reception of Hume’s argument on miracles in over fifty years ? deeply informed and judicious yet written with a light touch that makes this material accessible to non-specialist readers. I wish I had written it myself." ?Tim McGrew, Professor and Chair of Philosophy, Western Michigan University

Watkin, Christopher, The State of Nature and the Shaping of Modernity: Tracing the Roots of Colonialism, Secularity, and Ecology. 379 pp. 2025:12 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <746-41>
ISBN 978-1-009-67046-3 hard ¥29,568.- (税込) GB￡ 105.00

The state of nature is a powerful idea at the heart of the fragmented and sometimes conflicting stories the modern West tells about itself. It also makes sense of foundational Western commitments to equality and accumulation, freedom and property, universality and the individual. By exploring the social and cultural imaginaries that emerge from the distinct and often contradictory accounts of the state of nature in the writing of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, The State of Nature and the Shaping of Modernity offers a fresh perspective on some of the most pressing debates of our time, showing how the state of nature idea provides a powerful lens through which to focus the complex forces shaping today's political and cultural landscape. It also explores how ideas about human nature and origins drive today's debates about colonialism, secularism, and the environment, and how they can shed new light on some of society's most heated debates.

植民地主義と啓蒙思想－ドイツの人種理論の遺産
Brandt, Bettina / Purdy, Daniel L. (eds.), Colonialism and Enlightenment: The Legacy of German Race Theories. 312 pp. 2025:9 (Oxford U. Pr., US) <745-4>
ISBN 978-0-19-778502-7 hard ¥21,235.- (税込) US$ 99.00

Coffee, Alan M. S. J., Wollstonecraft: Independent Woman. (Classic Thinkers) 230 pp. 2025:5 (Polity Pr., UK) <745-5>
ISBN 978-1-5095-1907-1 hard ¥15,004.- (税込) US$ 69.95
ISBN 978-1-5095-1908-8 paper ¥5,351.- (税込) US$ 24.95

Famous as the author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft was a wide-ranging and controversial moral and political philosopher. She engaged with many of the most polarising issues of her day: criticising social hierarchies, advocating for educational reform, analysing the French Revolution, and challenging men's political dominance. In this illuminating introduction, Alan Coffee argues that the originality of Wollstonecraft's feminist arguments is best understood within the context of a systematic and comprehensive philosophical system built up from a set of 'simple' theological and moral principles. An effective way to approach this is through the concept of freedom as independence. Drawing on all of Wollstonecraft's works, including her novels, reviews and letters, Coffee shows how the ideal of independence illuminates and unites many of her intellectual preoccupations and her contribution to contemporary debates, such as on the structural nature of social injustice and the republican notion of freedom as non-domination. This gripping account of Wollstonecraft's work sheds new light on one of the most important eighteenth-century thinkers.

G.オーウェル－生涯と遺産
Colls, Robert, George Orwell: Life and Legacy. 112 pp. 2026:1 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <743-9>
ISBN 978-0-19-883001-6 hard ¥4,220.- (税込) GB￡ 14.99

George Orwell has never been more quoted and misquoted. Can he be rescued from the soundbites? George Orwell remains a work in progress. He is, or has become, a meme, a global writer, a national treasure, a London statue, a scholarly society, a Prize and a Journal, a trope and a show, various movies, various murals, various misquotations, two adjectives, at least half a dozen fictions and most recently "a dead metaphor" with plenty more accolades to come. George Orwell: Life and Legacy by Colls is an intellectual biography which offers an original account of Orwell's life and work from his birth in the high noon of British imperialism in 1903, to his death on the eve of the Cold War in 1950. Orwell's life played out against a background of two world wars, two great revolutions, one long global depression, the rise and rise of Communism, and the war-time pre-eminence of the United. Yet no matter how alert he was to all these great struggles, and no matter how guarded he was in his personal life, Orwell never turned away from the question of who he was, and the contradictions that entailed. His two great modern masterpieces Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) arrived to define the age he lived in. Interest in him has never abated since; no writer is more quoted or misquoted. Orwell is in danger of being lost to soundbites. Colls reveals the author once again.

R.Trousson著　ユートピアと啓蒙思想期の哲学者の受容
Trousson, Raymond, Verba et sententiae: utopie et reception des philosophes des Lumieres. (Les dix-huitiemes siecles) 556 p. 2024:12 (Champion, FR) <743-10>
ISBN 978-2-7453-6073-1 paper ¥20,889.- (税込) EUR 90.00

誇りを持った自己－ヒュームの徳の倫理学
Greco, Lorenzo, The Proud Self: A Humean Ethics of Virtue. (Routledge Studies in Eighteenth-Century Philosophy) 232 pp. 2025:5 (Routledge, UK) <742-11>
ISBN 978-1-041-00940-5 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00

This book presents a novel interpretation of Hume as a proponent of sentimental virtue ethics. This interpretation sheds light on the nature of Hume's ethics, as well as its relevance for contemporary debates in moral philosophy.The book starts by developing an understanding of the self in Hume based on the passion of pride. Contrary to the common view that Hume denies the unity of the self by diluting it into a bundle or collection of different perceptions, the author argues that, by focusing on pride, it is possible to identify in Hume a firm notion of the self as having a sentimental nature that can be explained in narrative terms. Pivoting on this narrative self, he shows how it accounts for the Humean notion of the virtuous person by holding together in a harmonious whole several central issues in Hume's moral philosophy, including sympathy, the point of view from which we make moral judgements, the practical nature of ethics and the role that reflection plays in it, and the definition of perfect character. Finally, the author maintains that Humean virtue ethics, so understood, has the individual at its core, representing a secular and pluralist alternative to neo-Aristotelian versions discussed today.The Proud Self will appeal to scholars and graduate students working on Hume, 18th-century philosophy, virtue ethics, and moral psychology.

Curtright, Travis, The Controversial Thomas More: Politics, Polemics, and Prison Writings. (The Beginning and the Beyond of Politics) 256 pp. 2025:4 (U. Notre Dame Pr., US) <741-17>
ISBN 978-0-268-20914-8 hard ¥21,450.- (税込) US$ 100.00
ISBN 978-0-268-20915-5 paper ¥8,151.- (税込) US$ 38.00

The Controversial Thomas More offers an original and critical intervention on the writings of Thomas More and his opposition to King Henry VIII. Thomas More is known for refusing the oath of succession and remaining silent about his reasons for doing so. His prison literature, however, tells a different story. Under the threat of execution, More waged an astonishingly prolific and often coded writing campaign in rebuke of King Henry VIII's claim to be supreme head of the Church in England. Travis Curtright's groundbreaking book shows how William Rastell, More's nephew and printer, fashioned a historically inaccurate depiction of More, one that persists to this day. He asserted while imprisoned in the Tower of London, More stopped his polemical writing and turned his mind exclusively toward heaven. In contrast, Curtright proves that More's prison writings are not just devotional literature but also a powerful defense of a united Church under the pope, reestablishing More as a key political and religious thinker, defiant of King Henry VIII. Most scholars restrict More's political thought to his Utopia, but The Controversial Thomas More shows how his prison writings best reveal his ideas of political unity and authority, and is a reconsideration of More's legacy and place in the history of the Henrician Reformation.

革命の時代におけるE.バークとC.フォックス
Grant, James, Friends Until the End: Edmund Burke and Charles Fox in the Age of Revolution. 512 pp. 2025:9 (Norton, US) <741-18>
ISBN 978-0-393-54210-3 hard ¥9,652.- (税込) US$ 45.00

Edmund Burke and Charles Fox made common political cause in eighteenth-century Britain for twenty-five years: They supported the rebellious American colonies, attacked the British slave trade, defended religious liberty, and attempted to shield Britain's public credit from the crisis-prone East India Company. The two men were an improbable pair. But the hard-drinking, mistress-collecting Fox loved and admired Burke, feelings that the clean-living political philosopher and statesman warmly reciprocated. They moved together in the London intellectual world and jointly opposed what they regarded as the overreaching crown. Friends Until the End traces Burke and Fox's relationship through three great events: the American Revolution; the impeachment of the East India Company's governor-general; and the French Revolution, which ended their political union and shattered their friendship. With wit and panache, James Grant illuminates the politics and economics of their era and its lessons for our divided present.

J.-J.ルソーの政治哲学
Jordan, Will R. (ed.), Natural Man, Citizen, Philosopher: The Political Philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 224 pp. 2025:3 (Mercer U. Pr., US) <741-19>
ISBN 978-0-88146-962-2 paper ¥5,362.- (税込) US$ 25.00 *

ホッブズの性論
Sreedhar, Susanne, Hobbes on Sex. 192 pp. 2025:8 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <741-20>
ISBN 978-0-19-284820-8 hard ¥21,683.- (税込) GB￡ 77.00

Why care what Hobbes thought about sex? Contemporary scholars have largely dismissed Hobbes's brief, and somewhat scattered, remarks about gender and sexuality as peripheral to his central concerns. In Hobbes on Sex, the first book-length study of Hobbes's writings on these topics, Susanne Sreedhar challenges this dismissal. Far from being haphazard or tangential, Hobbes's views on sex are integral to his broader philosophical-political project. Drawing out the underlying logic of his claims, this volume reconstructs a coherent, substantive, and distinctive account of sexual normativity from Hobbes's various remarks. It argues that, in stark contrast to many of his contemporaries and the traditions from which he emerges, Hobbes is logically committed to a view it calls sexual positivism. According to Hobbes, the nature and status of gender and sexuality--from the proper organization of marriage and the family, to prohibitions on sexual behaviors, to the differences between men and women, to the legitimacy of female rule--are entirely a matter of positive (i.e., civil) law. Because matters of gender and sexuality are the result of human action for Hobbes, they are fundamentally contingent and revisable. This contingency stands in contrast with the pervasive and entrenched ways both natural patriarchalism and sexual moralism were enthroned in much of early modern political theorizing. The volume argues that Hobbes's sexual positivism dethrones sex from its usual prominent position in the history of philosophy. By systematically stripping gender and sexuality of their privileged status, whether as a source of normativity or as a topic of inquiry, this dethroning of sex strikes at the heart of beliefs about human nature, moral knowledge, and social and political institutions that are widely accepted even today. This novel interpretation of Hobbes's views on sexual normativity not only challenges traditional understandings of the trajectory of early modern political thought, but it also suggests a new understanding of his place in the intellectual history of sex.

M.Mulsow著　不安定な知識－もう一つの近世思想史
Mulsow, Martin, Prekaeres Wissen: Eine andere Ideengeschichte der Fruehen Neuzeit. (stw 2474) 550 S. 2025:4 (Suhrkamp, GW) <740-12>
ISBN 978-3-518-30074-9 paper ¥6,034.- (税込) EUR 26.00

Martin Mulsow begibt sich auf die Spur der prekaeren Seite neuzeitlicher Wissensgeschichte in Europa: der Unsicherheit und Gefaehrdung von Theorie- und Wissensbestaenden, des heiklen Status ihres Traegermaterials, des Risikos haeretischen Transfers. Er praesentiert Taktiken, die Intellektuelle ersonnen haben, um mit diesen Faehrnissen zu leben, ihre Rueckzugsgesten und Aengste, aber auch ihre Versuche, verlorenes Wissen wiederzugewinnen. Prekaeres Wissen handelt nicht von den grossen Themen der Metaphysik und Epistemologie, sondern von Randzonen. Ein Buch voller spannender Fallstudien, eine andere Ideengeschichte der Fruehen Neuzeit und der Versuch, den Begriff des Wissens neu zu denken.

J.-J.ルソー－歴史に直面する政治学
Canivez, Patrice, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: la politique face a l'histoire. 463 p. 2024:11 (PUF, FR) <740-10>
ISBN 978-2-13-086726-5 paper ¥6,034.- (税込) EUR 26.00

Isermann, Michael, The Alphabetization of Thought: Orthography, Locke, and Natural Philosophy. (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History) 416 pp. 2025:4 (Brill, NE) <740-11>
ISBN 978-90-04-68484-3 hard ¥38,296.- (税込) EUR 165.00

The Alphabetisation of Thought is a bold and original study about the rise, spread and dominance of orthographic thinking in the Early Modern period. Starting out as a local, grammatical mode of thinking, it soon gained momentum, strength and depth, turning into a development that provoked a wholesale reorganisation of thought along the lines of alphabetical writing. The study brings together an unprecedented range of texts from areas as diverse as grammar, epistemology, classical scholarship, natural philosophy and cryptography. A major source of evidence is Locke's doctrine of ideas as laid out in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Echoing the orthographic debate of the preceding 150 years, it affords not only crucial insight into the final stages of the alphabetisation process, but also glimpses of its legacy.

〔原田哲史「ユストゥス・メーザーにおける啓蒙思想と啓蒙思想批判」寄稿〕オスナブリュック研究年報　第129巻
Osnabruecker Mitteilungen: Mitteilungen des Vereins fuer Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrueck (Historischer Verein). Band 129. 326 pp. 2024:12 (Vlg. fuer Regionalgeschichte, GW) <100-6518>
ISBN 978-3-7395-1544-1 hard ¥5,570.- (税込) EUR 24.00

Die Osnabruecker Mitteilungen sind das Jahrbuch des Vereins fuer Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrueck. Die Zeitschrift ist ein Forum fuer wissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse zur Geschichte des Osnabruecker Landes, des Emslandes und der Grafschaft Bentheim. Im Rezensionsteil werden wissenschaftliche Neuerscheinungen ueber den ehemaliger Regierungsbezirk Osnabrueck und benachbarte Regionen besprochen.

社会契約論－パトニー討論からロールズまでの政治的平等
Edmundson, William A., The Social Contract: Political Equality from Putney to Rawls. 257 pp. 2025:5 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <739-13>
ISBN 978-1-009-39526-7 hard ¥23,936.- (税込) GB￡ 85.00

We are all parties to a social contract and obligated under it. Or is this mere fiction? How is such an agreement possible in a society riven by deep moral disagreement? William Edmundson explains the social-contract tradition from its beginnings in the English Revolution, through Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau to its culmination in the work of John Rawls. The idea that legitimate government rests on the consent of free equals took shape in the seventeenth century and was developed in the eighteenth but fell into disuse in the nineteenth century even as democracy, toleration, and limited government gained ground. Edmundson shows how Rawls revived the idea of a social contract in the mid-twentieth century to secure these gains, as the then-dominant moral theories, such as utilitarianism, could not. The book also defends Rawls's conviction that political equality is integral to the idea of reciprocity at the heart of the tradition.

E.デュフルモン著　中江兆民－日本のルソー主義哲学の政治における実践　1874～90年
Dufourmont, Eddy, Nakae Chomin, la mise en politique d'une philosophie rousseauiste au Japon (1874-1890). (Constitution de la modernite 54) 352 p. 2024 (Classiques Garnier, FR) <738-30>
ISBN 978-2-406-17325-0 hard ¥19,264.- (税込) EUR 83.00
ISBN 978-2-406-17324-3 paper ¥8,123.- (税込) EUR 35.00 *

P.J.E.ケイル著　D.ヒュームの『人間本性論』案内
Kail, P. J. E., The Routledge Guidebook to Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature. (The Routledge Guides to the Great Books) 272 pp. 2025:4 (Routledge, UK) <738-31>
ISBN 978-1-138-94344-5 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00
ISBN 978-1-138-94355-1 paper ¥7,036.- (税込) GB￡ 24.99

David Hume is widely acknowledged as the greatest philosopher to have written in the English language. His 1739/40 A Treatise of Human Nature is commonly regarded as his masterpiece. It is a profound work of great ambition, seeking to reorient philosophy by establishing a 'science of human nature'.Following the structure of the original work closely, The Routledge Guidebook to Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature provides a clear and accessible introduction to its key themes, and explores:the lasting philosophical significance of the workthe context of Hume's philosophythe character of Hume's theory of human naturethe two central themes of scepticism and naturalismthe unity of the three original volumes.Written for readers approaching Hume's seminal work for the first time, this guidebook includes a helpful overview of the text, chapter summaries and further reading throughout. It is an essential introduction for undergraduate students studying the history of modern philosophy, and all those who wish to engage more deeply with this classic work.

Lepan, Geraldine, Les passions en politique: l'amitie des citoyens. (Constitution de la modernite) 474 p. 2024:10 (Classiques Garnier, FR) <738-32>
ISBN 978-2-406-17322-9 hard ¥19,960.- (税込) EUR 86.00
ISBN 978-2-406-17321-2 paper ¥8,819.- (税込) EUR 38.00

谷川雅子著　コンテクストにおけるP.ベール－寛容、政治的服従、良心の自由
Tanigawa, Masako, Pierre Bayle en contexte: tolerance, soumission politique, liberte de conscience. (Vie des huguenots 99) 304 p. 2024 (Champion, FR) <738-33>
ISBN 978-2-7453-6221-6 paper ¥11,140.- (税込) EUR 48.00 *

Mack, Ruth, Handicraft Philosophies: Craft, Representation, and Social Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Britain. 288 pp. 2025:6 (Stanford U. Pr., US) <737-19>
ISBN 978-1-5036-0637-1 hard ¥27,885.- (税込) US$ 130.00
ISBN 978-1-5036-4293-5 paper ¥6,864.- (税込) US$ 32.00

The term "Enlightenment" still carries its tie to a grand philosophical tradition that in Britain moves through Bacon, Locke, and Hume. But the literature and philosophy of the Enlightenment was full of practical knowledge associated with the body and with craft. This book is an account of the eighteenth-century thinkers from across social classes who turned to the body to formulate new ways of knowing natural and social worlds-what Ruth Mack calls handicraft philosophies. The writers discussed in this book include a formerly enslaved man, Olaudah Equiano, and a washerwoman, Mary Collier, as well as gentlemen Joseph Banks and James Boswell and the artist William Hogarth. In their efforts to communicate embodied ways of knowing, they bring together theory and practice; they set aside objectivity and relish the practical ways of knowing that are traditionally associated with lower classes and less-than-privileged bodies. Mack focuses on how such knowledge proved especially helpful for understanding "society" as a new object of enquiry in the Enlightenment, laying the groundwork for the emergence of anthropological and sociological thought. Complicating the intellectual history of Enlightenment Britain amidst the rise of popular science and imperial expansion, Handicraft Philosophies is a new account of the thinkers who configured "philosophy" as a practice open to all.

西洋－思想史
Varouxakis, Georgios, The West: The History of an Idea. 488 pp. 2025:7 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <737-20>
ISBN 978-0-691-17718-2 hard ¥8,569.- (税込) US$ 39.95

A comprehensive intellectual history of the idea of the WestHow did "the West" come to be used as a collective self-designation signaling political and cultural commonality? When did "Westerners" begin to refer to themselves in this way? Was the idea handed down from the ancient Greeks, or coined by nineteenth-century imperialists? Neither, writes Georgios Varouxakis in The West, his ambitious and fascinating genealogy of the idea. "The West" was not used by Plato, Cicero, Locke, Mill, or other canonized figures of what we today call the Western tradition. It was not first wielded by empire-builders. It was, Varouxakis shows, decisively promoted in the 1840s by the French philosopher Auguste Comte (whose political project, incidentally, was passionately anti-imperialist). The need for the use of the term"the West" emerged to avoid the confusing or unwanted consequences of the use of "Europe." The two overlapped, but were not identical, with the West used to exclude certain "others" within Europe as well as to include the Americas.After examining the origins, Varouxakis traces the many and often surprising changes in the ways in which the West has been understood, and the different intentions and repercussions related to a series of these contested definitions. While other theories of the West consider only particular aspects of the concept and its history (if only in order to take aim at its reputation), Varouxakis's analysis offers a comprehensive, multilayered account that reaches to the present day, exploring the multiplicity of current and prospective meanings. He concludes with an examination of how, since 2022, definitions and membership in the West are being reworked to include Ukraine, as the evolution and redefinition continue.

来たるべき革命－トゥキュディデスからレーニンまでの思想史
Edelstein, Dan, The Revolution to Come: A History of an Idea from Thucydides to Lenin. 432 pp. 2025:4 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <737-16>
ISBN 978-0-691-23185-3 hard ¥7,507.- (税込) US$ 35.00

How an event once considered the greatest of all political dangers came to be seen as a solution to all social problemsPolitical thinkers from Plato to John Adams saw revolutions as a grave threat to society and advocated for a constitution that prevented them by balancing social interests and forms of government. The Revolution to Come traces how evolving conceptions of history ushered in a faith in the power of revolution to create more just and reasonable societies.Taking readers from Greek antiquity to Leninist Russia, Dan Edelstein describes how classical philosophers viewed history as chaotic and directionless, and sought to keep historical change-especially revolutions-at bay. This conception prevailed until the eighteenth century, when Enlightenment thinkers conceived of history as a form of progress and of revolution as its catalyst. These ideas were put to the test during the French Revolution and came to define revolutions well into the twentieth century. Edelstein demonstrates how the coming of the revolution leaves societies divided over its goals, giving rise to new forms of violence in which rivals are targeted as counterrevolutionaries.A panoramic work of intellectual history, The Revolution to Come challenges us to reflect on the aims and consequences of revolution and to balance the value of stability over the hope for change in our own moment of fear and upheaval.

Ferrone, Vincenzo, The World of the Enlightenment. (Routledge Studies in Renaissance and Early Modern Worlds of Knowledge) 272 pp. 2025:1 (Routledge, UK) <737-17>
ISBN 978-1-032-48958-2 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

The Enlightenment was a laboratory of modernity that changed the history of the Western world, helping to bring about globalisation and the rise of a powerful intellectual class. It gave the scientific revolution new methods and a new purpose by ushering in the sciences of man. At the same time, it constantly interrogated these new sciences, wary of the possibility that they might lead to discrimination rather than emancipation. The late Enlightenment, the most mature and productive period, developed its values and political ideals, such as the concept of liberty and of a constitutional and "republican" government, through its confrontation with the Ancien regime, the slave trade and imperial colonialism, and the betrayal of the revolutionary ideals in the Americas.The World of the Enlightenment is a wide-ranging discussion of one of the most important cultural phenomena of the modern era. It covers topics from the scientific (such as the approaches of empiricism and humanism), the political (the rights of man, slavery and colonial independence) and the artistic (modern art and public opinion). The author discusses these topics thematically in ten chapters.This book will appeal to scholars and students alike studying the Enlightenment and the history of intellectualism, as well as all those interested in the history of modern science, politics and culture.Translated by Martin McLaughlin and Elisabetta Tarantino

ルソーからの書簡選集
Grace, Eve / Kelly, Christopher (eds.), Letters from Rousseau: Selected Correspondence. (Agora Editions) 618 pp. 2025:7 (Cornell U. Pr., US) <737-18>
ISBN 978-1-5017-8193-3 hard ¥12,859.- (税込) US$ 59.95

Letters from Rousseau is the first extensive collection of translations of Rousseau's correspondence into English in more than eighty years. Many of the letters have not been translated before, while others address substantive issues in his thought and complement his published writings. Although these letters went through the post as ordinary letters, once Rousseau became famous, he knew that they might be opened by the police, that they were very likely to be circulated and even published. Indeed, he wrote some of them with a view to their ultimate publication. Rousseau's enormous "private" correspondence extends into all periods of his life, including intimate letters to friends, letters to famous individuals and responses to readers who posed philosophic questions to him. Thus, Eve Grace and Christopher Kelly also share his responses to readers who had been moved by his books. Further, this volume includes letters written to or about major intellectual figures, such as Diderot, Voltaire, Hume, and Mirabeau.

ホッブズの二つの科学－政治学、幾何学、哲学の構造
Adams, Marcus P., Hobbes's Two Sciences: Politics, Geometry, and the Structure of Philosophy. 248 pp. 2025:2 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <736-15>
ISBN 978-0-19-892468-5 hard ¥21,683.- (税込) GB￡ 77.00 *

Seventeenth-Century Thinker Thomas Hobbes maintained that his philosophy constituted a unified system, but in what precise sense did he think that the branches of his philosophy were unified? This question has provoked extensive scholarship over the last half-century. Answering it is essential not only to understanding Hobbes's philosophy generally, but how one answers it significantly impacts our understanding of the Leviathan, his most influential work, and of the Laws of Nature, the foundation of his political philosophy. Hobbes's Two Sciences answers the question of philosophical unificiation by situating Hobbes's politics within his account of scientific knowledge as constructed by humans—an epistemology founded on the idea that makers have special access to causal knowledge—and by demonstrating that the relationship between pure and mixed mathematics provided him with a model for thinking about relationships between geometry and natural philosophy and between politics and history. Marcus P. Adams explores how this understanding of Hobbes's systematic philosophy impacts three long-standing areas of scholarship on Hobbes and the History of Early Modern Philosophy and provides a new view on Hobbes's system .

Foster, James, The Problem of God in Thomas Reid. (Elements in the Problems of God) 75 pp. 2024:12 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <736-16>
ISBN 978-1-009-53903-6 hard ¥14,076.- (税込) GB￡ 49.99 *
ISBN 978-1-009-27059-5 paper ¥4,787.- (税込) GB￡ 17.00 *

Thomas Reid was a theist and a philosopher; yet the exact relationship between philosophy and theology in his works is unclear and disputed. The aim of this book is to clarify this relationship along three lines by exploring the status, function, and detachability of theism with respect to Reid's philosophy. Regarding the first I argue that belief in the existence of God is, for Reid, a non-inferential first principle. Regarding the second I argue that theism plays at least six different roles in Reid's philosophy. And, regarding the third, I argue that, despite this, theism is largely detachable from Reid's concept of human rationality and philosophy. What emerges is a picture of the relationship between philosophy and theology in which both inquiries are motivated by natural human curiosity, and both are founded on principles of common sense.

ルソーとリベラルな国際秩序の限界
King, Joshua, Rousseau and the Limits of the Liberal International Order. (The Palgrave Macmillan History of International Thought) 192 pp. 2025:1 (Palgrave Macmillan, UK) <736-17>
ISBN 978-3-031-69928-3 hard ¥30,169.- (税込) EUR 129.99 *

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's international thought anticipates many of the political dynamics that have arisen through globalization and great power competition. Rousseau and the Limits of the Liberal International Order considers Rousseau as a critic and a reformer of international politics, arguing that Rousseau's account of liberty drives his approach to the international realm. Rousseau's work provides an incisive critique. He dismantles notions of economic rationalism, rejects the preference for administration over self-governance, and encourages strategies of resistance as a meaningful response to great power rivalry. To address these concerns, Rousseau affirms an approach to international politics that is closely related to his account of political liberty. For Rousseau, liberty develops through one's carefully chosen obligations that encourage self-rule, limit dependence on others, and constrain the irrational motives of politics. To pursue these goals, Rousseau proposes civic education and national institutions that cultivate a sense shared of humanity and limit the use of war. These alternatives moderate the desire for status and establish a form of national interest directed towards contentment and pluralism rather than competition. Rousseau acknowledges significant limits to these solutions. Citizenship creates substantive divisions among human beings, and the pursuit of national self-sufficiency may leave the state vulnerable to more powerful neighbors. Emphasizing these trade-offs draws attention to competing sources of human obligation and to the unsatisfying ways that international politics attempts to harmonize them.

モンテスキュー
Manin, Bernard, Montesquieu. (L'avocat du diable / Glassine) 243 p. 2024:9 (Hermann, FR) <736-18>
ISBN 979-10-370-4037-4 paper ¥5,570.- (税込) EUR 24.00

Plotnikov, Nikolaj, Konzepte der 'Person' in der russischen Ideengeschichte: Studien zum interkulturellen Begriffstransfer. (Wiener Slawistischer Almanach - Sonderbaende 103) 330 pp. 2024:7 (P. Lang, SZ) <736-19>
ISBN 978-3-631-89629-7 hard ¥21,149.- (税込) SFR 87.00

V.L.スミス著　A.スミスの社会理論
Smith, Vernon L., Adam Smith's Theory of Society: Social Rules for Order in Society and Economy. 644 pp. 2024:12 (Palgrave Macmillan, UK) <736-20>
ISBN 978-3-031-68493-7 paper ¥18,564.- (税込) EUR 79.99

Many people are intrigued by the theories of Adam Smith, particularly those found within The Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS). The ideas in his 18th-century manuscript are abstract, dense, and philosophical. Consequently, the insights from Adam Smith can be inaccessible to those who seek to understand these teachings. This book by Vernon L. Smith clarifies and contextualizes Adam Smith's work, making it more approachable for modern readers. It provides over 400 key passages from the Douglas Stewart edition (Henry G. Bohn) of TMS, presenting these ideas with modern context from Vernon L. Smith in a clear and concise manner. The book is structured to allow readers to explore one or two passages a day, providing a gradual and thorough understanding of the ideas that influence societal order and moral foundations. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of Adam Smith's insights into societal order and human interaction. The book offers practical context to the 18th-century text, making it relevant for contemporary audiences, including economists, social scientists, and philosophers. By breaking down complex teachings into manageable daily readings, the book equips readers with the knowledge to appreciate and apply Adam Smith's theories in their own lives and professional fields.

社会契約論と国際関係－ホッブズからカントまで
Chadwick, Stephen, Social Contract Theory and International Relations: From Hobbes to Kant. 173 pp. 2024:9 (Springer, GW) <734-8>
ISBN 978-3-031-64220-3 hard ¥27,848.- (税込) EUR 119.99

This book provides a systematic analysis of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and Kant with respect to international relations. These philosophers belong to the social contract tradition and are considered some of the most influential political theorists. Their ideas have played a role in the formation of national political constitutions and remain very influential both in understanding and legitimising the structure of societies around the world. This book is an innovative analysis of what these thinkers have claimed regarding the relationship between nation states, rather than contributing to the established scholarship on what they have said about individual political societies. Specifically, individual chapters examine war and peace, world governance, inequality, and terrorism.

Spector, Celine, Servitude et empire: Montesquieu: des Lettres persanes a L'esprit des lois. (Bibliotheque d'histoire de la philosophie. Poche) 344 p. 2024:8 (Vrin, FR) <734-9>
ISBN 978-2-7116-3189-6 paper ¥3,017.- (税込) EUR 13.00

A.スミス生誕300周年－経済理論の発展研究　第42巻
Klump, Rainer (Hrsg.), Adam Smith @ 300: Studien zur Entwicklung der oekonomischen Theorie XLII. (Schriften des Vereins fuer Socialpolitik NF 115/XLII) 331 S. 2024:7 (Duncker, GW) <732-14>
ISBN 978-3-428-19257-1 paper ¥23,185.- (税込) EUR 99.90 *

≫Adam Smith @ 300≪: This volume provides a detailed overview of the current state of economic and non-economic research on Adam Smith. It takes a closer look at the economic and social conditions in Scotland at the time of Smith as well as at the influence of classical philosophy on his thinking. Smith's work is contrasted with other important scientific research programs, such as those of Hume, Fichte, Hegel, Thuenen, Marx and Schumpeter.

S.P.ラメ他著　イングランド、スコットランド、アメリカの啓蒙思想の主要思想家－ロックからマディソンまで－
Ramet, Sabrina P. / Knutsen, Torbjorn L., Key Thinkers of the English, Scottish and American Enlightenments: From Locke to Madison. (Palgrave Pivot) 143 pp. 2024 (Palgrave Macmillan, UK) <732-15>
ISBN 978-3-031-62453-7 hard ¥9,280.- (税込) EUR 39.99 *

This book summarizes and explains the way in which political thinkers in England, Scotland, and North America reshaped Western thinking about government and citizens. Although the ideas of the Anglo-American Enlightenment can be traced back, in embryo, to the Italian Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, it was responses to wars - the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and the English Civil War (1642-1651) which were fought above all over religion - that defined it. Algernon Sidney demanded an end to royal absolutism. John Locke called for a government based on religious toleration. Benedictus de Spinoza, Samuel von Pufendorf and others elaborated on the ideas that society was composed of sovereign individuals endowed with reason and rights. Building on the works of these thinkers, Scottish philosophers including David Hume and Adam Smith, and American revolutionaries including Thomas Jefferson and James Madison advanced arguments defending human reason, individual freedom, including religious freedom, and democracy.

P.-F.Moreau記念論集　第1巻
Antoine-Mahut, Delphine / Charrak, Andre et al. (dir.), La raison au travail. Tome 1: Pour une histoire rationnelle des idees: melanges offerts a Pierre-Francois Moreau. 662 p. 2024:7 (ENS Editions, FR) <732-13>
ISBN 979-10-362-0762-4 paper ¥8,819.- (税込) EUR 38.00

J.G.バックハウス他編　A.スミスの300年間－欧州諸国における需要と影響
Backhaus, Juergen G. / Chaloupek, Guenther et al. (eds.), 300 Years of Adam Smith: Reception and Influence in Selected European Countries. (The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences 27) 200 pp. 2024:7 (Springer, GW) <730-15>
ISBN 978-3-031-63260-0 hard ¥41,774.- (税込) EUR 179.99

To mark the 300th anniversary of Adam Smith's birth, the 37th Heilbronn Symposium on Economics and the Social Sciences was dedicated to his outstanding oeuvre, but above all to his most famous work, "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776), which is regarded as a keystone of modern economics. The influence of Smith's doctrine has made a lasting contribution to the development of a modern understanding of society and the economy and, in particular, the functioning of markets. This is not least because of the breadth of his approach, with overlaps between political economy, social philosophy and ethics. The planned volume builds on the current state of Smith research and also provides new insights into the dissemination of Smith's ideas in German-speaking countries, but also in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.

スコットランド啓蒙思想における年金基金の起源と近代的な年金管理への経路
Milevsky, Moshe A., The Religious Roots of Longevity Risk Sharing: The Genesis of Annuity Funds in the Scottish Enlightenment and the Path to Modern Pension Management. 265 pp. 2024:7 (Springer, GW) <730-16>
ISBN 978-3-031-62402-5 hard ¥30,169.- (税込) EUR 129.99

This book presents a unique historical study on the origins of longevity risk management and its links to religious institutions in the eighteenth century. Throughout history, monarchs, affluent patrons, and wealthy benefactors routinely pledged to provide their devotees with pensions or life annuities, mirroring the biblical concept of 'daily bread for life'. Until the eighteenth century, however, the uncertainty around the longevity of beneficiaries' lives and the difficulty of budgeting for random financial obligations had posed economic challenges that often led to insufficient funding and high default rates. This book narrates the genesis of longevity risk pooling and the first successfully funded annuity scheme in history, an eventual prototype for national pension plans around the world. It examines how a group of Protestant clergymen, scientists, and intellectuals associated with the Presbyterian Church of Scotland pioneered innovative methods for setting up a reversionary annuity and widow's pension plan, guided by actuarial principles. Unknown to many, the economist Adam Smith, and other literati of the Scottish Enlightenment, invested in this novel annuity. Illuminating the social and theological contexts of this scheme, the book argues that religious belief played a critical role in the development of best practices around the prudent management of longevity risk. The practices, values and beliefs in divine probabilities were at the heart of these thought leaders' confidence in long-term financial projections. Shedding light on this fascinating aspect of actuarial history by an examination of the archival records, while also linking to contextual discussions of modern pension challenges, this book will be of interest to scholars and readers interested in finance, insurance, pensions, and religion.

Mvibudulu Mbanza, Jordan, De la volonte generale de Jean-Jacques Rousseau vers une morale politique: l'apologie de l'interet general pour une Afrique emancipee. (Ouverture philosophique. Debats) 197 p. 2024:6 (L'Harmattan, FR) <729-19>
ISBN 978-2-336-45958-5 paper ¥5,106.- (税込) EUR 22.00

ホッブズの正義論
Olsthoorn, Johan, Hobbes on Justice. 328 pp. 2024:11 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <729-20>
ISBN 978-0-19-886798-2 hard ¥28,160.- (税込) GB￡ 100.00 *

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) is widely regarded as one of the most important political thinkers in the Western tradition. Justice is one of the main political concepts today. This is the first book-length analysis of Hobbes's ideas on justice. Hobbes made many startling claims about justice. Norms of justice have no place outside the commonwealth, the civil law determines what is just and unjust, and nothing sovereigns do is unjust to their citizens. But what exactly did Hobbes mean by justice? And how did he convince his audience that he was speaking about justice when advancing such controversial views, and not about something else? In Hobbes on Justice, Olsthoorn traces the place of justice in Hobbes's moral, legal, political, and international thought as developed over time. The book reconstructs his idiosyncratic glosses on notions like justice, rights, injury, obligation, and law; proposes new solutions to some long-standing interpretive puzzles; and provides in-depth discussions of property, slavery, treason, just war and other neglected aspects of Hobbes's thought. Olsthoorn shows that Hobbes's theory of justice doubled as a civil theodicy: it aimed to morally empower sovereign rulers by vindicating them from all stains of injustice, no matter how horrid their rule. Combining analytic philosophy, intellectual history, and political theory, this major new study of Thomas Hobbes will be of wide and cross-disciplinary interest to scholars of philosophy, law, politics, and history.

ヒュームと現代の認識論
Stapleford, Scott / Wagner, Verena (eds.), Hume and Contemporary Epistemology. (Routledge Studies in Eighteenth-Century Philosophy) 304 pp. 2024:10 (Routledge, UK) <729-21>
ISBN 978-1-032-49502-6 hard ¥38,016.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This is the first edited collection dedicated to demonstrating Hume's relevance to contemporary debates in epistemology. It features original essays by Hume scholars and epistemologists that address a wide range of important questions, including the following:What does a Humean conception of knowledge look like?How do Hume's understanding of belief and suspension of judgement bear on current debates about doxastic attitudes?Is there a Humean way of uniting reasons in the epistemic and practical domains?What is the proper role of reason at the foundations of ethics and epistemology from a Humean point of view?What contribution might an examination of Humean scepticism make to understanding of current sceptical hypotheses?Is Hume a hinge epistemologist?Does naturalized epistemology trace back to Hume?Does Hume have an ethics of belief?What can Hume contribute to virtue and vice epistemology?Some chapters try to bring historically accurate interpretations of Hume's ideas into contact with current issues, while others will take ideas merely suggested by Hume and demonstrate their philosophical usefulness. Together, they demonstrate Hume's enduring relevance for debates about knowledge, belief, inquiry and suspension, reasons, modal knowledge, scepticism, hinge epistemology, naturalized epistemology, the ethics of belief and moral epistemology, virtue and vice epistemology, and the epistemology of testimony.Hume and Contemporary Epistemology will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on Hume, epistemology, and the history of philosophy.

Weber, Henri, Histoire des idees et des combats d'idees aux XIVe et XVe siecles, de Ramon Lull a Thomas More. (Etudes et essais sur la Renaissance) 952 p. 2024:6 (Classiques Garnier, FR) <729-22>
ISBN 978-2-8124-5531-5 hard ¥33,654.- (税込) EUR 145.00
ISBN 978-2-406-17360-1 paper ¥22,281.- (税込) EUR 96.00

アダム・スミス評論　第14巻
Forman, Fonna (ed.), The Adam Smith Review: Volume 14. 406 pp. 2024:10 (Routledge, UK) <729-16>
ISBN 978-1-032-88572-8 hard ¥38,016.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

Adam Smith's contribution to economics is well recognized, yet scholars have recently been exploring anew the multidisciplinary nature of his works.The Adam Smith Review is a rigorously refereed annual review that provides a unique forum for interdisciplinary debate on all aspects of Adam Smith's works, his place in history, and the significance of his writings to the modern world.It is aimed at facilitating debate among scholars working across the humanities and social sciences, thus emulating the reach of the Enlightenment world which Smith helped to shape.

代表制対民主主義－ホッブズからJ.S.ミルまで
Lorrain, Ludmilla, La representation contre la democratie: de Thomas Hobbes a John Stuart Mill. (Les anciens et les modernes, etudes de philosophie) 552 p. 2024:6 (Classiques Garnier, FR) <729-17>
ISBN 978-2-406-16848-5 hard ¥21,353.- (税込) EUR 92.00
ISBN 978-2-406-16847-8 paper ¥9,980.- (税込) EUR 43.00

Maiwald, Florian, Ein sozialistischer Liberaler oder ein liberaler Sozialist?: Der Wert der Individualitaet als Transzendierung politischer Kategorien in der Philosophie John Stuart Mills. 450 S. 2024:6 (Nomos, GW) <729-18>
ISBN 978-3-7560-1645-7 paper ¥22,977.- (税込) EUR 99.00 *

Der Sozialismus wird oftmals als eine kollektivistische Weltanschauung beschrieben, waehrend der Liberalismus als dessen Gegensatz dargestellt wird, da dieser das Gedeihen des Individuums in den Vordergrund rueckt. Anhand von John Stuart Mills Denken ? welcher als einer der wohl klassischsten Vertreter des Liberalismus gilt ? versucht Florian Maiwald nachzuweisen, dass jener Widerspruch, welche den beiden politischen Weltanschauungen haeufig unterstellt wird, einer berechtigten Infragestellung unterzogen werden sollte. Letzten Endes liegen dem Werk jedoch weitaus tiefergreifende Fragestellungen zugrunde: Was bedeutet Freiheit? Und welche Bedingungen muessen erfuellt sein, damit der Mensch wirklich frei ist?

Baumann, Stephanie / Maillet, Marie-Ange (Hrsg.), Aufklaerung - Hegel - Vormaerz: Reisen in die Ideengeschichte. Ein Festschrift fuer Norbert Waszek. 440 S. 2024:6 (K. Alber, GW) <729-15>
ISBN 978-3-495-99384-2 hard ¥22,977.- (税込) EUR 99.00

Dieser Band bietet eine faszinierende Reise durch verschiedene Regionen der Ideengeschichte, die vom 18. bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein reicht und versammelt dazu internationale Beitraege in englischer, franzoesischer und deutscher Sprache. Mit 21 Artikeln, die sich von der (deutschen und schottischen) Aufklaerung ueber G. W. F. Hegel und Heinrich Heine bis hin zu bedeutenden Texten des spaeten 19. und des 20. Jahrhunderts erstrecken, wuerdigt er das Wirken von Norbert Waszek, der von 2003-2022 Professor fuer Ideengeschichte an der Universitaet Paris 8-Vincennes-Saint-Denis war. Waszeks Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt zwar in der Hegel-Forschung, sein Interesse gilt jedoch stets auch den historischen Rahmenbedingungen der Philosophie. Mit Beitraegen von Olivier Agard Stephanie Baumann Myriam Bienenstock Reinhardt Blaenkner Nina Bodenheimer Thomas Bremer Stefanie Buchenau R. Robert Calder Gregory Claeys Andre Cressoni Wolfgang Fink Bernd Fuellner Karin Fuellner Richard Gunn Stephen Houlgate Francoise Knopper Marie-Ange Maillet Douglas Moggach Ursula Reitemeyer Jacques Le Rider Mark Roseman Helmut Schneider

Jerphagnon, Lucien, Histoire de la pensee: d'Homere a Jeanne d'Arc. (Texto) 601 p. 2024:5 (Tallandier, FR) <728-27>
ISBN 979-10-210-6243-6 paper ¥3,132.- (税込) EUR 13.50

Mangold, Matthias, Towards a Reformed Enlightenment: Salomon van Til (1643-1713) and the Cartesio-Cocceian Debates in the Early Modern Dutch Republic. (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History 352) 548 pp. 2024:5 (Brill, NE) <726-27>
ISBN 978-90-04-69724-9 hard ¥29,940.- (税込) EUR 129.00

In Towards a Reformed Enlightenment: Salomon van Til (1643-1713) and the Cartesio-Cocceian Debates in the Early Modern Dutch Republic, Matthias Mangold offers the first in-depth investigation into the theological and philosophical convictions of an influential, yet hitherto much neglected, Dutch theologian working around the turn of the eighteenth century. With its strong contextual approach, this analysis of Van Til's thought sheds new light on various intellectual dynamics at the time, most notably the long-standing conflict between the Voetian and Cocceian factions within the Dutch Reformed Church and the reception of Cartesian philosophy in the face of emerging Radical Enlightenment ideas.

G.オーウェル・ハンドブック
Waddell, Nathan (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of George Orwell. (Oxford Handbooks) 864 pp. 2025:1 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <726-28>
ISBN 978-0-19-886069-3 hard ¥45,337.- (税込) GB￡ 161.00 *

The Oxford Handbook of George Orwell offers a wide-ranging reconsideration of Orwell's life and work, focusing on the extensive connections between his novels, essays, diaries, columns, letters, and reviews. Accessible to general readers and to established scholars alike, forty-eight chapters written by an international team of Orwell specialists address familiar topics-such as Orwell's journalism, broadcasting, literary criticism, and politics-as well as less well-trodden areas of his output, such as his accounts of stupidity, kindness, and justice, and his connections with contemporaries like Jack Common, Katharine Burdekin, Wyndham Lewis, and Victor Serge. Sections on Orwell's professional activities, his main literary influences, his politics, his intellectual fixations, his literary contemporaries, and his legacies structure the book, which moves thematically and topically through the full scope of his output. The first section looks at how Orwell spent his time as a writer, reader, and broadcaster. Chapters on writers from Shakespeare to the modernists investigate the determinants of Orwell's literary practice. The book then turns to a set of political contexts in which Orwell's writing can be understood. The 'Fixations' section covers the familiar, such as Orwell's account of Englishness, and the unfamiliar, such as his account of the absurd. The fifth section relates Orwell to several politically minded contemporaries, tracing connections and differences between their writing. The final section of the Handbook reflects on how Orwell sounds through several literary and socio-political legacies, and includes innovative considerations of feminism, Afrofuturism, and queer speculative fiction.

ヨーロッパで最も不道徳な男B.マンデヴィルの精神と時代
Callanan, John, Man-Devil: The Mind and Times of Bernard Mandeville, the Wickedest Man in Europe. 312 pp. 2025 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <725-18>
ISBN 978-0-691-16544-8 hard ¥7,507.- (税込) US$ 35.00 *

A lively and provocative account of Bernard Mandeville and the work that scandalized and appalled his contemporaries-and made him one of the most influential thinkers of the eighteenth centuryIn 1714, doctor, philosopher and writer Bernard Mandeville published The Fable of the Bees, a humorous tale in which a prosperous hive full of greedy and licentious bees trade their vices for virtues and immediately fall into economic and societal collapse. Outrage among the reading public followed; philosophers took up their pens to refute what they saw as the fable's central assertion. How could it be that an immoral community thrived but the introduction of morality caused it to crash and burn? In Man-Devil, John Callanan examines Mandeville and his famous fable, showing how its contentious claim-that vice was essential to the economic flourishing of any society-formed part of Mandeville's overall theory of human nature. Mandeville, Callanan argues, was perfectly suited to analyze and satirize the emerging phenomenon of modern society-and reveal the gap between its self-image and its reality.Callanan shows that Mandeville's thinking was informed by his medical training and his innovative approach to the treatment of illness with both physiological and psychological components. Through incisive and controversial analyses of sexual mores, gender inequality, economic structures, and political ideology, Mandeville sought to provide a naturalistic account of human behavior-one that put humans in close continuity with animals. Aware that his fellow human beings might find this offensive, he cloaked his theories in fables, poems, anecdotes, and humorous stories. Mandeville mastered irony precisely for the purpose of making us aware of uncomfortable aspects of our deepest natures-aspects that we still struggle to acknowledge today.