経済史・経営史 — 全 下位分類

This book is a social and economic history of Hungary in the late eighteenth century, written in the form of a microhistory. Through microanalyses of a miller's recruitment into the army, the life of a vagrant farm labourer, the illicit sale of wine by a postmaster, a violent conflict between two squires, and two murder cases, it addresses a range of important themes, including the relationship between peasant communities and their lords, and the presence of the army in the everyday lives of common people.

These micro-level analyses combine to create a coherent account of Hungary from the 1760s to the end of the century. They reveal significant capital accumulation in the agrarian sector, the omnipresence of both the army and wine in everyday life, and the crucial role played by the local communities of the oppressed population in sustaining the ancien regime. In this way, microhistory offers a novel framework for national history.

The Wine and the Soldiers: A Microhistory of Hungary, 1761-1799 is intended primarily for historians and postgraduate students interested in Hungarian history and, more broadly, in early modern Europe. It may also appeal to readers interested in an innovative methodological approach demonstrating how microhistory can illuminate the major historical questions of late eighteenth-century Hungary-issues more commonly explored through macro-level historical scholarship.

Profitability and Economic Rationality of Slavery in a Historical Perspective examines slavery as an economic institution across the longue duree, from the ancient Near East and classical Mediterranean to the modern Atlantic world. Moving beyond traditional moral or ideological interpretations, the volume investigates how systems of slavery were justified, organized, and sustained within different historical, social, and economic contexts. Particular attention is devoted to the historiographical legacy of the modern abolitionist debate, which introduced analytical categories such as profitability, efficiency, and rationality that continue to shape the study of slavery in both modern and ancient societies.

Bringing together specialists of modern, ancient Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman history, this book adopts a deliberately comparative and diachronic perspective. The contributions explore themes including pro-slavery thought in Enlightenment Europe, the persistence of slavery in nineteenth-century Cuba, the valuation of enslaved persons in Mesopotamia and Egypt, female and child labor in the ancient world, slave markets, manumission practices, and the relationship between enslaved and free labor. Collectively, the essays challenge simplistic assumptions about slavery's inherent irrationality or inefficiency and instead highlight its adaptability as a system of labor organization, capital investment, and social control.

This volume will be of interest to scholars and students of slavery studies, ancient history, economic history, labor history, and comparative historical sociology, as well as to readers interested in the long-term historical dynamics of coercion, labor, and economic institutions.

The arrival of Montreal-based fur trader Peter Pond in Athabasca territory in 1778 and the establishment of the first trading post within the watershed of the Mackenzie River marked the beginning of a period of intense northern exploration. Alexander Mackenzie's voyages to the Arctic and Pacific Oceans quickly brought the Canadian northwest to European attention.

Full of colourful anecdotes, The English River Book provides a day-to-day record of trade at Fort Athabasca in April 1786 under Pond's direction. In addition to listing those who worked and traded in the area, the journal catalogues duties, wages, stations, inventories of commonplace and mysterious goods, a Cree trading vocabulary, and many other details about the English River district of 1785 and 1786. Familiar figures appear, such as Joseph Cartier, an interpreter whose fur-trading career lasted almost sixty years, and Joseph Landry and Charles Doucette, the Acadian voyageurs who a few years later guided Mackenzie to the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.

An active working journal rather than the reminiscence of a retired trader, The English River Book recounts romantic lore of the fur trade and the adventurous lives of traders, on the spot and in the heat of events. A new preface by the author and a new foreword by Jennifer S.H. Brown bring the document into historical context and contemporary relevance.

From nineteenth-century scientific efforts to measure and classify faces to the personalized technology that unlocks your smartphone, facial recognition has reinvented itself, insinuating its logic into the fabric of everyday life. Facial recognition technologies (FRTs) have become ubiquitous through integration with computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Yet, the significance of facial recognition is not its technical prowess, Aaron Tucker argues, but its persistent political project: the sustained desire to render all subjects legible to the state - a drive foundational to its history as a technology of power. Looking back at Francis Galton's work on vision and eugenics, Woodrow W. "Woody" Bledsoe's 1960s experiments in automated facial recognition, and the first public demonstration in 1970, Tucker traces how FRTs emerged from the convergence of photography, identity documentation, and computer vision. Accelerated by crises such as 9/11 and the COVID-19 pandemic, contemporary FRTs are shaped by eugenic logic and embedded in broader strategies for managing mass mobility. Tucker imagines alternative trajectories to a technology that feels ever more ubiquitous and unavoidable, including tactics that resist, disrupt, and redirect the future development of FRTs as tools of algorithmic oppression and control.

Timely and urgent, Flexible Faces reckons with two centuries of the amorphous and adaptable nature of automated facial recognition, a technology whose systems and software now slip across borders and are interwoven into one's everyday life, mobility, and citizenship.

Through localized case studies and a transnational historiographic project of decentering Europe and the United States, this book explores various approaches to the history of technology in South, Central and North America, as well as the Caribbean.

The three sections, Beyond Agency, Beyond Chronology, and Beyond Borders, project the very wide array of human undertakings that may be illuminated through the rubric of technology. From foodways, computing, and micro-credit banking to tourism, manioc, and arsenic, the authors analyze a vast array of political and cultural meanings customarily hidden in tropes of modernity and development, capturing the role of technology in the conceptual and material construction of the Americas and the Caribbean. The book shows how historical technologies can help articulate episodes of state-making, colonialism, modernization, enslavement, development, Pan- and Inter-Americanism, extractive capitalism, and dictatorial regimes, as well as instances of community-building, democratizing initiatives, and care across the hemisphere.

This volume will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, graduates, and researchers in the history of technology, as well as those in political history, environmental history and Latin American studies.

This collective monograph presents fourteen case studies of predominantly Spanish firms and enterprises, making a significant contribution to the fields of Business History and entrepreneurship studies.

Spain's economy has undergone successive structural phases: the expansion of the Iberian Empire following the discovery of the New World, corresponding to the pre-industrial era; a delayed and uneven industrialisation process in the late nineteenth century; accelerated industrial growth during the second half of the twentieth century, characterised by considerable state intervention; and, more recently, deindustrialisation and a shift toward a predominantly service-based economy, with tourism playing a pivotal role.

The primary audience comprises students and researchers in Business History, Economic History, Management, Economics, Finance, Accountancy, and related Social Science disciplines. In Spain, the growing demand for degree programmes in Management, Accountancy, Economics, and Finance-many of which are now delivered in English-has generated a corresponding need for specialised academic literature in English. Within this context, the volume responds to a clear educational and scholarly demand at both national and international levels.

Why do efforts to combat hunger succeed in some regions but fail in others? History offers many examples of agricultural societies facing severe harvest failures and subsequent food shortages, yet with strikingly different outcomes. In some regions, crop failure triggered catastrophic famine and mass mortality; elsewhere, communities managed to compensate for losses and avoided famine altogether, or endured shortages with only limited consequences.

This book compares how regions around the Baltic Sea responded to severe food supply crises during the late 1860s. The decade provides a revealing historical laboratory in which states and regions confronted similar shortages but from very different levels of economic, social, and political development. Scholarship on the best-known crisis of the period, the Great Finnish Famine of 1866-1868, has often overlooked the broader context of simultaneous harvest failures and subsistence crises in neighboring regions, as well as the connections between them.

Adopting a transnational and regionally comparative perspective, this volume examines famine as an entangled crisis across the Baltic Sea Area. Although harvest failures and food shortages affected much of the area, famine was far from universal. Through regional analyses of agricultural production, politics, demography, and market interactions within and across state boundaries-including Finland, Sweden, Estonia, northern Germany, and northwestern Russia-the book offers a new, broader and more historically integrated account of food crises in Northern Europe during a formative period.

This volume is valuable to researchers and students of European economic and social history, particularly those interested in famine, demography, regional studies, and rural history.

In 1873 "Uncle Joe" Glidden, a sixty-year-old farmer in DeKalb, Illinois, became inspired to improve fencing after seeing a thorny rail at a county fair. Taking an old hand-cranked coffee mill, he modified it to coil some wire barbs and strung them on a wire in hopes of keeping his cattle from his cornfield. When the wire became tangled, he discovered what had eluded others for decades: how to make an all-wire barbed fence.

Farmers on the prairie lacked effective, inexpensive fencing, so the appeal of barbed wire was obvious, and a race began to imitate Glidden's invention and secure patents. What followed was a tug-of-war over a transformational technology that shaped America and the world. The ease of manufacturing barbed wire, the high profits it offered, and the growing market induced many to jump into the business, and many styles of barbed wire came onto the market over the next few years. Manufacturers used their patents to stop infringers and protect their own improvements.

With the informed eye of a patent attorney with an engineering background, author Geoffrey A. Mantooth makes the story of this transformational technology easy to understand. In Barbed Wire Frontiers: How a Simple Invention Made a Lot of Money, Mantooth traces the development of a staple of agricultural life, especially in the west. With lively prose and an abundance of informative illustrations, Barbed Wire Frontiers introduces readers to the little-known (and sometimes unknown) characters who helped reshape agriculture in the United States.

Connected Histories of Oil in Latin America provides a global history of oil in Latin America, from the first oil fields drilled in Peru in the 1860s to the current exploitation at the offshore and tropical forest frontier, reframed through a non-Eurocentric perspective.

Offering a new geographic viewpoint, the book builds a place for the Global South in the narratives of the global energy transitions of the Anthropocene, going beyond the Eurocentric models that tend to drive all aspects of this history back to Great Britain's first industrialization and U.S. capitalism. It demonstrates how petroleum has been a central component for the shaping of nationalist and emancipatory projects in Latin America throughout the 20th century. By incorporating insights from environmental history, labor history, and the energy humanities, the book argues that Latin American societies actively shaped global fossil-fuel modernity rather than merely adapting to it, revealing oil as a profoundly transnational phenomenon. Organized in four parts - Epochs, Places, Actors and Archives, the book moves away from nation-centered and economy-focused narratives, highlighting landscape, environment, culture, and technology as central elements of analysis.

This book is important reading for students and scholars from social sciences and energy humanities, as well as public policy makers and a wider audience interested in current environmental issues.

This book explains how ideology can be better integrated into economic history analysis, arguing that if economists and economic historians are to fully understand economic behaviour a much deeper appreciation of ideological processes is required. The book has two parts. The first part presents a comprehensive theory of ideology and ideological change that can be easily incorporated into economic analysis; the second provides an empirical case study of ideological change from East Germany of the 1960s.

The book demonstrates how current restrictive views of ideology found within mainstream economics can be enhanced by adopting a more expansive, multidisciplinary understanding of ideology and its role in the processes of economic change. Merging a view of ideology as a fluid and politically practical concept with the framework of change offered by institutional economics, the authors use this theory to provide an in-depth analysis of how the ideological case for the New Economic System in East Germany and for de-Stalinisation more generally in the 1960s was built. Rich in archival material, the book both deepens our understanding of economic change in the communist world in the post-Stalin era and demonstrates the multifaceted role of ideology in economic decision making. With a cutting-edge approach, this book will be a valuable resource for students of economics, economic history, political economy, as well as of communist and German history.

In an innovative cultural history across the Iron Curtain, this book explores how a divided nation used the cosmos - as both a technological reality and a field of imagination - to navigate the challenges of the Cold War and compete for the future. Smithsonian curator Colleen Anderson transforms the history of the Space Age by demonstrating that Germans were not just observers of the US-Soviet rivalry, but active participants who used spaceflight to redefine their place in the world.

Connecting the technical and political history of space programs with space imaginations in popular culture, Anderson uncovers unexpected commonalities between two states otherwise opposed. Through vivid stories of street astronomers building telescopes from wartime rubble, the West German cult TV hit Space Patrol, and East German youth "training" for missions at the socialist equivalent of Space Camp, this book demonstrates how the unbounded cosmos offered a site for political and cultural maneuvering - and a canvas for imagining alternative futures - that was often impossible on Earth. From the 1978 mission of the first German in orbit to the international laboratory of Spacelab, Anderson reveals that for a divided people, technological dreams were not mere fantasies; they were essential tools for confronting a burdened past and forging a new future. Contributing to spaceflight history, Cold War scholarship, and German studies, this book speaks to the many ways technological dreams become instruments for negotiating memory, ideology, and the uncertainty of what lies ahead.

This book examines the dynamic interplay of consumer behaviour, trade networks, and long-distance alliances in driving economic growth across Qing China, Western Europe, and the Spanish American colonies from 1680 to 1840. Employing a reciprocal comparative framework, it illuminates the deep structural interconnections between Western and Chinese market systems. By utilising the innovative GECEM Database, which cross-references Western and Chinese primary sources to mine new archival data, the study constitutes a methodological advance that offers fresh insights into the Great Divergence debate.

Moving beyond an analysis of large-scale structures, this work emphasises the decisive agency of traders. By facilitating the bidirectional flow of Chinese goods to the West and European commodities to China, merchants catalysed a transformation: they reconfigured consumption, spawned new demand, and reshaped transcontinental socioeconomic relations.

The study situates these dynamics within critical geopolitical junctures: the establishment of maritime customs under the Kangxi emperor in 1680, the closure of trade and rise of the Canton system under Qianlong in 1756, and the outbreak of the Opium Wars in 1840. These turning points illuminate transformations in trade strategies, local economies, state capacity, and relations between merchants and officials across the Ming-Qing transition.

Engaging with recent scholarship, Global Powers offers a new perspective on Qing economic and political practices, as well as the dynasty's geopolitical tensions, through a local lens on foreign trade networks. It is an essential reading for specialists in global and economic history, sinology, East Asian studies, early modern history, as well as for economists and scholars of Sino-European relations.

In A Legacy in Peanuts, Columbus, Georgia, native Haisten Willis tells the story of Columbus's own Tom's Foods, a firm that aided the South's industrialization and played a major role in establishing the humble peanut as a cash crop. In the 1920s, founder Tom Huston revolutionized both the manufacturing and marketing of peanuts through his patented shelling machines and the creation of the company's signature product, Tom's Toasted Peanuts. With an assist from legendary scientist George Washington Carver, Huston turned Tom's into a multimillion-dollar business in just a few years-before losing it all on another big business bet. Future Columbus mayor Walter Richards then took over, stabilizing Tom's and expanding its lineup to include crackers and candy during his three decades at the helm.

The stuff of childhood memories, lazy afternoons, and countless workplace break rooms, the story of Tom's Foods reveals fundamental truths about business, farming, factory labor, race relations, innovation, and class in the twentieth-century South. By following the four largest players in the company's history-Huston, Richards, longtime president J. W. "Bill" Feighner, and midwestern billionaire Michael Heisley, who purchased Tom's as a distressed asset in 1993 and proved to be its final owner before a 2005 bankruptcy-Willis illuminates a complex story of the modernizing South.

Commodity trading companies are the unseen giants of global trade, quietly connecting producers and consumers across continents while navigating the complexities of volatile markets, geopolitical pressures, and economic transformations. Much like modern e-commerce platforms, these firms thrive not by owning the assets they move, but by mastering their flow-leveraging logistics, information, and risk management to create value. Against the backdrop of China's extraordinary economic transformation, this thesis adopts a qualitative historical approach to examine the evolution of commodity trading through the lens of Noble Group, one of Asia's most dynamic and diversified trading companies. By tracing Noble's strategies and adaptations, the study uncovers how these intermediaries have shaped and responded to the forces of globalization, offering critical insights into the hidden mechanisms driving the global economy.

This book offers the first comparative analysis of politically motivated bank runs in Habsburg Austria, focusing on events in Vienna (1848), Prague (1903), and Ljubljana (1908/09). These episodes have received little attention outside narrow national historiographies. This project brings to light a broader pattern of financial instability driven by political populism and nationalist agitation, thereby filling a significant gap in both financial and historical literature.

From the revolutionary upheaval of Vienna in 1848 to the nationalist flashpoints of Prague and Ljubljana in the early 20th century, the book traces how banks confronted waves of public panic by publishing increasingly detailed, sometimes daily, financial reports to stabilize public confidence. Drawing on a wealth of historical newspapers, financial publications, and archival material, the book reveals how these acts of transparency often fuelled controversy rather than calming it. In the absence of strong regulation, voluntary disclosure practices created a precarious information ecosystem. The book analyses that environment, showing how media growth, ethnic conflict, and the demand for quantification intersected to shape a volatile and easily manipulated form of financial trust. The author adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach combining economic history, media, and accounting studies, rooting the analysis in historical data and mixed methods research including both textual analysis and original quantitative research. Econometric appendices at the end of the book reconstruct time series data on withdrawals, deposits and credit that may be of particular interest to economics scholars. This book will be a valuable insight into a little-known period of financial history, and appeal to researchers from a broad range of fields.

Waters of Destiny tells the story of how sugarcane came to be produced at industrial scale in the Florida Everglades, thanks to a federal flood-control system that led to the devastation of downstream ecosystems and communities. It tells how the demand for both flood protection and water supply outstripped the system's capacity to deliver, necessitating painful tradeoffs. Water managers and advocates have been trying to solve this operational conundrum for decades, but South Florida's environment radically limits water-control options. Scientists advocate restoring drained wetlands to allow floodwaters to once again spread across the landscape, but they have been repeatedly foiled by Big Sugar, for whom any loss of cane acreage threatens their refineries' profit margins. Drawing on scores of interviews and years of observation, Schwartz reveals how, in the late 1990s, state and federal officials squandered a moment of peak bipartisan support for Everglades restoration, enacting an $8 billion program that-while much ballyhooed-relied on speculative technological "moonshots" in lieu of confronting Big Sugar. The program's "failure to launch" in the quarter-century since, Schwartz argues, was an inevitable consequence of this political failure.

The book presents Robert Fulton, the purported inventor of the steamboat, in a new and more significant light: as a hustler. Except for Benjamin Franklin, Fulton was the most famous and iconic inventor of the early American republic, a position he held into the twentieth century. But he did not invent the steamboat, nor did any of his other claimed inventions ever gain much traction in his day. Rather he copied or elaborated the ideas of others, seldom achieving adoption or success with any of his knockoffs. Indeed, his greatest invention was himself, posing as an "engineer" and a "gentleman." But hustlers have played an important and largely unrecognized role in American history. Even America's most famous inventor, Thomas Edison, admitted to having something of the hustler in him. These were people who, in the modern argot, chose to "fake it till you make it." Fulton finally made it, and along the way his rags-to-riches story reveals much about the economies and patent systems of England, France, and the United States, where he spent his whole life. And the key roles of capital and political influence in his final success reveals much about innovation in the industrialized world that first appeared in his lifetime.