文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Drawing on long-term fieldwork in Ethiopia, this ethnography examines the circumstances that lead children to enter orphanages and the difficult decisions that result in family separation. Based on research conducted in an Ethiopian orphanage and surrounding communities, it challenges common assumptions about orphanhood by showing that many children living in institutional care had living parents or extended family members and were not, in the conventional sense, orphans. Through the perspectives of birth mothers, fathers, social workers, and caregivers, the chapters further an understanding of how poverty, food insecurity, gender inequality, illness, social stigma, and shifting child welfare policies influence decisions about relinquishment, abandonment, and care. It also explores children's everyday experiences within institutional settings and traces the profound changes that accompanied the rapid expansion and eventual closure of intercountry adoption in Ethiopia. Combining ethnographic observation, interviews, and longitudinal research spanning more than a decade, the analysis reveals the complex realities behind child separation, institutional care, and adoption. Challenging simple narratives of abandonment and rescue, the book demonstrates that parental concern, attachment, and hopes for children's futures often persist long after separation. It will be relevant to scholars and students of anthropology, sociology, psychology, childhood studies, African studies, and international development.

This book offers an anthropological study of butoh dance as an artistic somatic practice which can be oriented toward self-knowledge and transformation, for creativity and healing. Based on immersive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Japan and the UK, it reflects on the use of butoh as a tool for creative expression but also to engage with the daily question of what it is be alive. The book examines butoh practitioners' notions and experiences of dancing vis-a-vis the author's own creative inquiries as an anthropologist-cum-butoh practitioner. Paola Esposito argues that, through the intertwining of sensory perception and imagination, butoh practice can be an art of inquiry into one's lived body. Detailing elements of training and performance through an 'anthropology with art' approach, the volume highlights distinctive modalities of 'thinking in movement' through butoh as mediated by techniques which support the exploration of mimetic and metamorphic potentialities of the human body.

Long overshadowed in ancient historiography, the Peucetians of Central Apulia, in southeastern Italy, are brought into focus for the first time in Life and Death in Central Apulia. Carefully examining Peucetian burial assemblages, archaeologist Bice Peruzzi traces a social history of this Italic people from the sixth to the third centuries BCE. She demonstrates that, far from being passive recipients of the more "advanced" cultures of their Greek or Roman neighbors, the Peucetians made nuanced, deliberate, and informed choices in the preparation and treatment of their dead, reflecting the complexities of individual, social, and cultural identities of the deceased. This indicates a mature culture, in full interaction with other Mediterranean peoples, and visible and worthy of scholarly attention in its own right. This detailed study offers a fresh look at ancient Italy beyond the historiographic dominance of Greece and Rome and represents the recovery of one thread of a more vibrant ancient Mediterranean cultural tapestry.

This edited volume introduces memoryscapes to explain how collective memory moves between conflict and healing. Through a dynamic framework and diverse cases, it shows how inclusive, participatory practices can transform violent pasts and foster accountability, reconciliation and sustainable peace.

Readers gain a practical framework to analyze and shape memory work that supports healing, justice and sustainable peace. The book delivers this through its three-gradient model (healing, dissent, resistance), a methodological toolkit, and comparative cases from museums, monuments, heritage and burial sites, refugee camps, media, education and the arts-while confronting politicisation, institutionalisation and post-truth challenges.

Intended for researchers, students and practitioners in peace and conflict studies, heritage and memory studies, anthropology, sociology, political science and media/education, as well as museum and memorial professionals, peacebuilders, educators, civil society organisers and policymakers working with contested pasts.

This book is an ethnographic study of perinatal loss ritual in Spain, spanning nine decades from 1936 to 2022. It investigates whether and how people in Spain have used ritual to confront the loss of a pregnancy or the death of a newborn, and what it costs them when they cannot.

Drawing on qualitative interviews with more than forty participants and fieldwork across Spain's autonomous communities, the book examines four dimensions of ritual: the actions people perform, the actors who participate, the objects they deploy, and the places they create. Situating these findings within Spain's distinctive political, religious, legal, and medical history - from the Franco dictatorship through the contemporary perinatal loss activism movement - it documents a dramatic shift. Before 2008, fewer than half of participants had engaged in any ritual action in relation to their loss; after 2008, only a small minority had not. The book argues that ritual, however improvised or unsanctioned, is fundamental to the social recognition of perinatal loss and to the personhood of the lost child.

The Use of Ritual for Perinatal Loss in Spain will appeal to scholars and students in anthropology, sociology, ritual studies, medical humanities, and reproductive health. It is also essential reading for healthcare professionals, policymakers, counselors, and perinatal loss advocates seeking evidence-based insight into the therapeutic and social dimensions of bereavement ritual across cultural and historical contexts.

This book explores the archaeology of ancient freediving in the Mediterranean through an overview of the existing available textual and material sources, proposing a novel methodological and conceptual framework to approach this fascinating subject.

While traditional research has focused on human activities "above water", or even in the case of underwater archaeology, on structures and objects that were once above water, our understanding of ancient human interactions "below the surface" is rather limited. This work broadens the understanding of ancient coastal communities' interactions with the underwater environment and, for the first time, the study of ancient divers goes beyond the mere listing of references about their activities in ancient resources to include a deep reassessment of both the material culture their practitioners left behind, and the medium (natural, social, and symbolic) in which their activity took place. This book demonstrates how the most recent re-evaluation of material culture has revealed evident underwater applications, and how a cognitive-sensory approach to the visual and textual representations of underwater spaces shows that many of these were indeed influenced by real-world diving experiences.

By establishing new avenues of research and directions for future study, this volume is primarily for archaeologists dealing with ancient maritimity and the relationship between humans and the marine environment.

Ethnographic Experimentation introduces readers to an experimental style of ethnography in which ethnographers and their companions conduct inquiries together.

This is not a conventional methods manual, since there can be no single, shared method for experimentation. Instead, the book offers a collection of ethnographic case studies and concepts through which readers can think with and cultivate an experimental sensibility. By cultivating this form of inquiry, the book shows readers how ethnography is not merely a practice dedicated to describing the world but a collective endeavour for intervening and make a difference within it.

The book will be essential reading for students and scholars in anthropology, sociology, STS, and related fields for whom ethnography is a key research method.

Stories have the power to unify, challenge, and heal. All too often, though, the stories of marginalized peoples are silenced or distorted by those in power. Counterstories, on the other hand, center the knowledge, experiences, and voices by presenting alternative accounts. Indigenous people have been telling stories as a teaching device for centuries, but this pathbreaking volume is the first collection to examine Indigenous counterstory as both a concept and practice.

Indigenous Counterstories features contributions by Indigenous scholars and allies. Using critical counterstory as their framework, the contributors share firsthand accounts from their classroom and workplace experiences to demonstrate how Indigenous storytelling is a knowledge-making enterprise. Chapters like A. Ellie Mitchell's "Homing In" feature a composite character and chronicles a day in the life of a new Anishinaabe academic that explores the tokenization of many academics from marginalized communities. In "Reclaiming Agency through Storytelling", Nicole Augustine draws on her personal history of intimate partners violence and being a Mi' kmaq woman to critique the patriarchal effects of colonization. Jacquetta Shade-Johnson and Catheryn Jennings, two Cherokee Nation scholars and friends, draw on their shared educational background as both students and educators to consider Indigenous-serving academic institutions framed through the narrative structure of a podcast episode.

In sharing their observations and experiences, the contributors to this volume employ experimental and nonlinear styles common to Indigenous storytelling. As a result, their chapters both exemplify and enhance our understanding of Indigenous counterstorytelling. Appealing to scholars and students alike, this innovative collection invites readers to embrace a more inclusive method of academic research and writing.

Indigenous journalism has proliferated in Indigenous communities for almost 200 years. But it has only gained global prominence in non-Indigenous communities for a little over a decade, revealing unique cultural pathways of communication that have existed for generations. At the same time, social media, streaming platforms, and other interactive digital media proliferated, enabling and empowering Native voices to connect, mobilize, and share stories internationally. In Storytelling Sovereignty, volume editors Cristina L. Azocar and Meta G. Carstarphen build upon the 2012 book American Indians and the Mass Media with a brand-new volume to showcase the diversity and resilience of Indigenous storytelling in today's media context. Together, their contributors-ranging from media scholars to Indigenous content creators-document experiences, analyze representations, and provide a platform for a conversation about how mass media can lead consumers toward social justice.

Azocar and Carstarphen elegantly combine scholarly chapters with interviews with well-known Indigenous authors and media practitioners, including-among others-journalists Mark N. Trahant (Shoshone-Bannock Tribes) and Tsanavi Spoonhunter (Northern Arapaho Tribe and Northern Paiute descendant); actor, writer, and producer Tai Leclaire (Mohawk Nation); and rappers LiL Mike and FunnyBone (Pawnee Nation). Indigenous voices and experiences therefore frame and ground the scholarship. Part one, "News," examines news-gathering about Indigenous communities and explores media and Native identity through the framework of Indigenous Standpoint Theory, which centers Indigenous knowledge, experiences, and perspectives. Part two, "Multimedia," spotlights Indigenous perspectives about social media, radio, television, and filmmaking. And in part three, "Influence," an array of media producers and scholars demonstrate how Indigenous identities use media, from rap to documentary filmmaking, to reflect authentic experiences and reject harmful stereotypes.

At a time when media serve as a particularly powerful tool for cultural expression and political agency, it has also played an indelible role in Indigenous storytelling. Storytelling Sovereignty helps readers not only understand Indigenous-produced media but also why it is so vital. Storytelling Sovereignty is a crucial contribution to the field.

The Social Life of Cemeteries explores the evolution of modern cemeteries as they have developed across the globe since their origins in 19th-century Europe. It examines cemeteries not only as spaces built by the living for the dead but also as places for the living to thrive, where the richness of human cultures and communities is expressed in meaningful, symbolic, and artistic ways.

As havens of architectural and natural beauty, cemeteries provide opportunities for solitude and reflection, as well as for recreation and tourism. They serve as extraordinary venues for learning about both past individuals and events, and the change in current social customs and traditions. By shaping - and telling - the history, memory, and identity of communities and individuals, cemeteries can offer plenty of meaningful insights into a specific society.

This book, with its cross-national, multicultural perspective and theoretical approach, is intended for researchers and students in anthropology and social sciences, as well as for a larger academic public in fields like history, geography, art history, architecture, and urban planning. It also offers numerous references to specific locations and cultural features for educated travelers, cemetery enthusiasts, and thanatourists worldwide.

e-Topia: Localizing the Digital foregrounds the lived experiences of people who engage with, resist, reimagine, and reshape digital systems in diverse and often unexpected ways. It challenges dominant narratives that portray technology as an autonomous force that drives inevitable societal change.

Taking a unique approach, this book counters grand narratives with anthropological insights gathered over more than three decades of fieldwork across Asia, Europe, and North America. It calls for a reorientation of the study of digital technology and poses critical questions: Can we better understand technology by studying how individuals experience, interpret, develop, and use new tools and devices? What can we learn from observing everyday interactions with social media, e-governance platforms, cryptocurrencies, and robotaxis? What happens when we shift the research focus to everyday life? Ultimately, the book is about reclaiming agency by recognizing that technologies are products of design choices, contestations, and diverse visions of the future. Central to this inquiry is the tension between centralized and distributed modes of technopolitics.

The book will appeal to students and researchers of anthropology, science and technology studies, media studies, and global studies, particularly those interested in the politics and poetics of digital technology.

This book uses 50 years of modern archaeology to re-examine Henri Pirenne's canonical thesis, Mohammed, Charlemagne (1937/39). It advances a new paradigm using material evidence to reinterpret the established narrative of the post-Roman creation of Europe based upon written sources mostly written by ecclesiastical authors.

The book begins by setting out the historiographical argument and the archaeological and anthropological methods used to make sense of the material evidence. It then shows how a so-called temple society emerged in Late Antiquity and, through overweening concerns with the afterlife, set in motion not just the collapse of the Roman world but also led to the creation of new political forces in, first Ireland, then emergent Anglo-Saxon England. Pivoting on events in the later 7th century in England and Frisia, it traces the subsequent evolution of the temple society in Francia, and its fundamental importance to Charlemagne's cultural and economic revolution that, through many innovations, shaped Medieval Europe. Finally, the narrative examines the immediate aftermath of the end of the temple society in the 10th and 11th centuries. Emphasis is then placed on the role of external forces, the Vikings in north-west Europe and the Arabs in the Mediterranean, as instigators of economic changes that became baked into European town and country life after the turn of the millennium.

Ending with a compelling call for a revision of our contemporary European concerns in an increasingly nationalist era, this book is an essential read for students and scholars of medieval European history and medieval archaeology.

The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Classical Houses and Households offers a comprehensive guide to the archaeology of Graeco-Roman houses and households.

This handbook provides a chronologically expansive and geographically diverse survey of the material, both of housing itself, and of topics related to households as revealed through archaeological research. It covers a broad depth of time, spanning Early Iron Age Greece through to Late Antiquity. Geographical coverage embraces not just Greece and Italy but takes into account the wider Mediterranean basin. Presentations of housing from a range of sites place them into their historical and archaeological contexts and include not only well-known examples but also those from less conspicuous locations.

The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Classical Houses and Households is for undergraduates to graduate students, professionals as well as researchers in Archaeology and Classics interested in the social life of the Greek and Roman world and beyond.

South Asian Ceramic presents the most up-to-date research on South Asian ceramics, exploring their origins, evolution, and cultural significance over 5000 years.

Highlighting the collapse of India's traditional ceramic industry and its historical connections across the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and Southeast Asia, the book provides insights into the archaeological, ethnographic, and scientific study of South Asian ceramics, including their typology, symbolism, and technological advancements. It combines cutting-edge research in archaeometry, experimental studies, and conservation, offering tools to develop new ceramic research. It features seven comprehensive themes, from pyro technology to trade and cultural contact.

South Asian Ceramic is for researchers and students of archaeology, anthropology, and material culture, working in ceramics and South Asian history, cultural heritage, or material-based research.

The Troublesome Dead explores the phenomenon of socially 'problematic' dead bodies and their treatment as objects of controversy. While most societies have designed standard procedures to deal with dead bodies and natural or suspicious death, this volume addresses the material, spiritual and political treatment of dead bodies that are considered less socially or politically relevant.

This book broadens the traditional approach to bodies and forensics by discussing the victims of both mass crimes or natural disasters, and the perceivably less exceptional deaths such as of migrants, criminal suspects or inmates, or those suffering from extreme poverty. Owing to these bodies being considered as socially or politically unimportant, or because state institutions themselves share responsibility in their death, they are not afforded the usual care reserved for human remains. Yet, in many instances, these remains become powerful sites of contestation. They may become criminal evidence, or testify to past violence and injustice, moving a series of governmental and non-governmental actors into action including international or local Human Rights advocates, religious activists and clergymen, international courts, UN agencies. As such, the volume provides the reader with an innovative analysis of major political conflicts and controversial issues throughout the world.

It represents an outstanding contribution to the field of death studies, but also to the analysis of peace building operations, human rights, and issues of contemporary violence and its challenges. It will therefore appeal to both scholars and students of death studies, forensic and political anthropology, sociology of death, thanatology, social work, theology, criminology, and peace studies.

The Economy of Life offers a groundbreaking examination of sacrificial traditions across cultures and history, suggesting that the purpose of sacrificial acts is not destruction but creation, not death but life.

Sacrifice is a topic that has fascinated and perplexed scholars since the birth of modern social sciences. Many famous scholars have theorized it-as a communal meal, a gift to the gods, an exercise in patriarchy, and more-almost always focusing on the violence of the act, as in Girard's influential theory of mimetic desire and scapegoating violence. However, historical and ethnographic studies increasingly inform that sacrifice is not always violent and often does not involve killing at all. The Economy of Life proposes a new theory grounded on the cross-cultural and transhistorical evidence; the underlying ontology is a circulatory cosmos in which life-force can be detached from one entity by its death or destruction and invested in another entity. The book describes and critiques prior theories, especially Girard's, explicates the new theory, and provides supporting evidence from across the world's sacrificial traditions, finally pondering the implications of the new theory for subjects beyond sacrifice.

The Economy of Life is intended for scholars and students of religion, anthropology and history, as well as those who want to learn about the diversity yet continuity of the world's sacrificial systems.

This book presents the latest discoveries from archaeological sites of Sanxingdui and Jinsha. As the most comprehensive and detailed compilation of the archaeological works summaries of a century with a focus on academic achievement, it brings together detailed excavation reports, with a particular focus on significant findings in recent years. This book systematically explores the ancient Shu civilization, examining its cultural expressions, resource utilization, social structures, and interactions with surrounding cultures. This book serves as an essential reference for archaeologists, historians, anthropologists, and specialists in cultural heritage, as well as for a broader readership with an interest in ancient Chinese civilization.

A moving and unsettling ethnography of veterans living under the shadow of ongoing war and militarism, War and the Pull of Life traces how war makes its way into daily life in Putin's Russia. Based on research in St. Petersburg, the book describes how war veterans struggle to "find a place" for themselves and their wartime experiences in language, in ties of kinship and friendship, and within the state.

Hervouet-Zeiber shows that, for veterans, war is not an interruption. It seeps into everyday life as veterans try to create a domestic space, play hockey, discuss illnesses with friends, drink alcohol, loiter, joke, and envision the future. The book attends to the texture of these soldiers' lives, refusing to typify their experiences into predefined pathways to rehabilitation or to absorb them unproblematically into the language of a militarized existence. By viewing the ongoing presence of war as a concrete feature of these lives, the book explores the tensions and alignments between war and a pull of life.

Rethinking life with microbes through the art of natural fermentation

Within us and around us, microbes are everywhere, constantly reshaping what it means to be human as we interact with them - sometimes knowingly, sometimes not. Singing with Invisible Worlds theorizes human-microbe relationships through a rare ethnographic account of the fermentation process at the 350-year-old Terada Honke, one of only two natural sake breweries in Japan.

Painting a vivid picture of how sake brewers collaborate with bacteria, molds, and yeasts, Maya Hey reveals that ambient microbes are not controlled but courted, cultivated, and deliberately choreographed. As the brewers adapt to shifting microbial dynamics, they engage in what Hey calls an "improvisational ethic" - a way of responding to the unknown with care and attentiveness through each phase of blooming and waning across weeks, months, and even centuries. In documenting these remarkable practices, Singing with Invisible Worlds offers an intimate, situated understanding of how we can come to know and live with microbial life, with implications for feminist theory, science and technology studies, and multispecies ethnography.

Unsettling simplistic notions of "good" or "bad" microbes, this book presents a compelling vision for planetary coexistence - one that starts not with grand solutions but with small, rhythmic acts of microscopic attunement.

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Indigenous peoples in the United States are perhaps more legally, politically, and culturally visible in the mainstream today than at any point since 1870. This shift breathes new life into old questions about Native sovereignty, philosophy, and ethics. In this book, Samuel Piccolo takes up this prompt and asks what we can learn about these as uniquely indigenous concepts, as well as sites of underappreciated overlap with North American political, legal, and philosophical traditions.

Piccolo takes seriously the intellectual traditions and perspectives of Native American peoples, arguing that their accounts of sovereignty and political legitimacy are fundamental claims about the world, and not simply reactions to colonial oppression. Presenting Indigenous political philosophy as a tradition that understands itself as a continuation of precolonial thought, rich with its own positive metaphysical, ethical, and political perspectives, Piccolo establishes a dialogue between this tradition and one important pillar in Western philosophy, neo-Aristotelianism.

Exploring the implications of this link allows Piccolo to make critical interventions across several scholarly fields, in particular by locating a common understanding of morality as embedded in nature. This corrective lens rewrites contemporary defenses of Indigenous sovereignty, making the case that it must be understood in relation to the substantive philosophy that undergirds it. Moreover, Instruments of the Soul finds in Native and Aristotelian perspectives some relief from the imbricated ills by which we are afflicted-novel understandings of our relationship with the nonhuman world, universal virtues, and alternative approaches to politics rooted in community.

The thinkers in this book urge us to be motivated, not by anxiety about power, but wonder at the potential for meaning, beauty, and goodness around us amidst the tumult of contemporary life.

This book systematically presents a use-wear analysis of quartzite stone artifacts from the Chinese Paleolithic archaeological record. It provides raw data and images from experimental and archaeological studies, building a comprehensive reference for international archaeologists to understand lithic reduction technology and utilization of quartzite tools by prehistorical humans, and offers an in-depth interpretation of human adaptative strategies and behavior patterns. In addition, this book shows an example of a theory-driven case study that demonstrates the significance and application of computer science techniques in archaeological research, such as data mining and cluster analysis to establish meaningful connections between material and remains and behavioral information.

A compelling call to transform isolation into solidarity and turn shared action into lasting change

Liberation Is Other People offers a bold and timely exploration of how we confront the immense, interconnected challenges of our time. It begins with the truth that many of the crises we face - climate collapse, war, systemic inequality - are human-made and therefore humanly transformable. Yet such "wicked problems" cannot be solved by individuals alone. Every attempt to repair exposes how deeply our lives are entangled across histories of power, privilege, and vulnerability.

Rejecting the idea that personal virtue or guilt can solve the world's problems, Alexis Shotwell offers a philosophy and practice of collective freedom through collective struggle. Drawing on thinkers such as Angela Davis and Ursula K. Le Guin, she argues that freedom is not the power to act alone but the capacity to shape the world with others. Through sustained engagement with climate politics, white settler responsibility, and the reimagining of sexuality and gender, Liberation Is Other People shows how embracing complicity and acknowledging that none of us stand outside the systems we wish to change can open new possibilities for solidarity and transformation.

Rather than a call to purity or perfection, Liberation Is Other People is a vision of politics as a shared, necessarily imperfect process of creation. Shotwell builds a compelling case that solidarity can be a source of joy, inspiration, and political power. In an age of division and isolation, Shotwell insists that our greatest possibility lies not in fixing the world by our individual selves but in remaking it-together.

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