社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

This book presents an in-depth analysis of the complex and often controversial world of fertility care.

Drawing on extensive ethnographic research and interviews with patients and professionals, the book critically examines the tensions between evidence-based medicine and the demands of an increasingly commercialized fertility care industry. It sheds light on controversial "add-on" treatments, and an emerging hope market.

With its interdisciplinary approach, this is an essential resource for readers in the fields of science and technology studies and medical sociology.

Written by researchers and experienced health professionals from Hong Kong, China, Chiu and Law identify and examine important issues of healthy ageing after COVID-19 from research and policy perspectives in the Asian contexts.

This book opens with discussions of healthy ageing from personal, social, economic, and political perspectives. These discussions make reference to the key characteristics of a community health model. It aims to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on aged care in an international perspective, citing the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong as a case report. Comprehensive analysis on the influence of COVID-19 infection on Hong Kong and the implemented anti-pandemic policy measures, as well as recommendations of post-pandemic policies to promote healthy ageing, are provided. This monograph also reviews the worldwide impacts on aged care during and after the pandemic, as well as the experience of aged care services in Hong Kong and other Asia-Pacific regions. The responding changes in policies and strategies for healthy ageing in selected countries are also reviewed. This monograph ends with a highlight on the design and development of a community model for healthy ageing, providing insights to the achievement of sustainable healthy ageing with reference to the sustainable development goal (SDG) 3.

A valuable resource to governments, politicians, academics, and practitioners, it is intended for formulating future directions of relevant research, and the design and implementation of interventions for the promotion of healthy ageing in the post-pandemic era.

The past 50 years have witnessed a transformation in the structure and function of families and households. The social and demographic catalysts for these changes - including but not limited to delayed marriage, the legalization of same-sex marriage, women's increased labor force participation, and declines in fertility and mortality - have further impacted norms around family life and the performance of formal and informal family roles. Despite these radical shifts, however, family and personal relationships are not well-represented in disability scholarship.

In the interest of expanding disability scholarship on families, this volume of Research in Social Science and Disability brings together research and theoretical perspectives that challenge and revise dominant perspectives on disability and the changing contexts of family and personal relationships. Rooted in a sociological and anti-ableist understanding of families which recognizes that families are not only shaped by individuals and individual relationships, chapters instead concentrate on the social contexts in which families exist to shift our focus away from individuals and allows us to engage with the social structures and status hierarchies that may privilege or undermine families and relationships to varying degrees.

Showcasing conceptually innovative work and cutting-edge methods related to the study of families, Disability and the Changing Contexts of Family and Personal Relationships presents not just a groundbreaking perspective on disability and family life, but also a new paradigm in disability scholarship.

In recent years, security actors have become increasingly concerned with health issues. This book reveals how understandings of race, sexuality and gender are produced/reproduced through healthcare policy.

Analysing the plasma of paid Mexicana/o donors in the US, airport vomit in Ebola epidemics and the semen of soldiers with genitourinary injuries, this book shows how security practices focus upon governing bodily fluids.

Using a variety of critical scholarship - feminist technoscience, queer studies and critical race studies - this book uses fluids to reveal unequal distributions of life and death.

This book studies the impact of COVID-19 in South Asia. With case studies from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, the volume assesses the long-term effects of COVID on the countries' political economy, public health, education, and society and offers recommendations for creating a more robust and resilient society for South Asian countries in response to the threat of future pandemics. The authors also make suggestions for shared policy goals, identifying smart strategies, and aligning policy instruments into short and long-term policy decisions to address wider societal issues of economy, migration, refugees, and averting the threats of extremism.

Topical and comprehensive, this book will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of sociology, medical sociology, political sociology, social anthropology, South Asian studies, public policy, political economy, and political studies.

Gender diversity and non-conformity are becoming increasingly visible within society. As more trans and non-binary service users 'come out' and trans populations age, practitioners and service providers working in health care, social care, welfare services and housing, will begin to see a growing number of older gender-diverse service users.

With contributions from trans and non-binary scholars and practitioners and those with lived experience, this book outlines what good care and support looks like for older trans and non-binary people. This book provides a range of reflective learning activities that can be used by educators, policy makers and practitioners in healthcare, social care, public and community services to develop their knowledge and skills to ensure their practice is affirmative and inclusive.

The Social Security Handbook: Overview of Social Security Programs, 2024 provides information about Social Security programs and services, and identifies rights and obligations under the Social Security laws. This completely updated Handbook, organized by section number, is a readable, easy-to-understand reference for comprehending complex Social Security programs and services and contains information on several topics relevant to Social Security policies:

?How Social Security programs are administered
?Who is and isn't covered under retirement, survivors, disability, and hospital insurance programs
?Who is responsible for submitting the necessary evidence to support a claim
?How claims are processed by the Social Security office
?What Social Security benefits are owed to you
?How to obtain information about your rights under Social Security policy

The Handbook is designed to help users understand the gray areas of the Social Security Act, and to provide critical information about rights and obligations under Social Security laws.

The Handbook outlines how to:
?Protect your benefits and avoid benefit loss;
?Monitor government agencies and get information about policy changes that will affect your benefits;
?Make the most of hospital and Medicare coverage;
?Determine the amount of benefits that are subject to federal income taxes;
?Check Social Security earnings and benefits; and
?Get up-to-date news about future Social Security programs and services.

This core textbook introduces the key concepts, theories, models and frameworks used in implementation science, and supports readers applying them in research projects.

The first part of the book focuses on the theory of implementation science, providing a discussion of its emergence from the evidence-based practice movement and its connections to related topics such as innovation research. It includes chapters looking at a wide range of theories, methods and frameworks currently used in implementation science, and a chapter focusing on suitable theories that could be imported from other fields. The first part also addresses strategies and outcomes of implementation and discusses how researchers can build causal pathways adapted to their study. The second part of the book focuses squarely on putting the theory of implementation science to work in practice, with chapters discussing research methods used in the field and how to select the most appropriate approach. This section also features several chapters presenting in-depth case studies of specific applications.

This multidisciplinary text is an essential resource for graduate students from a range of healthcare backgrounds taking courses on implementation science, as well as researchers from medicine, nursing, public health, allied health, economics, political science, sociology and engineering.

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

The proportion of employees with caring responsibilities is growing and, as a result, policies that support working carers are becoming increasingly important.

Written and informed by national experts, this is the first publication to provide a detailed examination of the development and implementation of carer leave policies and policies in nine countries across Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America.

It compares the origins, content and implications of national policies and practices intended to enable workers to provide care to family members and friends while remaining in paid employment - known as 'carer leave'.

Poverty is big business in America. The federal government spends about $900 billion a year on programs that directly or disproportionately impact poor Americans, including antipoverty programs such as the earned income tax credit, Medicaid, and affordable housing vouchers and subsidies. States and local governments spend tens of billions more. Ironically, these enormous sums fuel the "corporate poverty complex," a vast web of hidden industries and entrenched private-sector interests that profit from the bureaucracies regulating the lives of the poor. From bail bondsmen to dialysis providers to towing companies, their business models depend on exploiting low-income Americans, and their political influence ensures a thriving set of industries where everyone profits except the poor, while U.S. taxpayers foot the bill.

In Poverty for Profit, veteran journalist Anne Kim investigates the multiple industries that infiltrate almost every aspect of the lives of the poor-health care, housing, criminal justice, and nutrition. She explains how these businesses are aided by public policies such as the wholesale privatization of government services and the political influence these industries wield over lawmakers and regulators.

Supported by original investigative reporting on the lesser-known players profiting from the antipoverty industry, Poverty for Profit adds a crucial dimension to our understanding of how structural inequality and structural racism function today.

Volume 43 of Research in Economic Anthropology covers an extensive range of important topics with an equally wide geographic perspective.

Grounded in fieldwork undertaken in West Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America, articles are broadly concerned with money, commerce, and wealth, with special concentrations on health, work, and uncertainty. Featured topics include:

• Connections between psychosocial health and anguish over educational expenses in Ghana's Upper West Region
• The upsurge of cryptocurrency trading in Istanbul, Turkey, in the face of uncertainty and where concern for the future translates into action in the present
• Personal transactions embedded in social relations from the perspective of a small-scale informal lender in Bangkok, Thailand
• The activities of finance elites in Luxembourg, now a major Western European center of commerce
• Work strategies of people who identify as self-employed in North Carolina and upstate New York during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Recent transformations in the lives of the Xambioa people in Brazil, including a reminder of how the sociocultural meaning of money can often take precedence over its intrinsic value or utility
• A novel proposal for eradicating poverty on a global scale

Exploring the interconnectedness and uncertainty of today's economic world, this volume thoughtfully considers core themes, current trends, and possibilities for the future.

Secular France and the changing influence of Catholicism.

Even though the policy impact of Catholicism has increasingly been acknowledged, existing scholarship lacks a coherent view on its changing influence over time and in different political contexts. In this book, Fabio Bolzonar investigates the influence of Catholicism on developments in French social protection from World War II to the mid-2010s. He discusses the factors that have favoured or inhibited it and explores the hybridization between Catholic values and secular principles in the social engagement of Catholic actors in secular France. By doing so, this multidisciplinary study integrates current scholarship, which has given limited attention to the changing patterns of Catholic involvement in the social policy domain over a long period of time, and the renewed influence of Catholic values in secularized societies. Catholic mobilization has relocated from the political to the civil society sphere, making voluntary organizations and social movements, rather than political parties, the main channels for defending Catholic values in secular France. Rather than marginalizing Catholicism, this process has opened up new opportunities for Catholic actors and values to play a significant role in society and politics. Bolzonar identifies two divergent scenarios that define Catholic social engagement in contemporary France: either the strengthening of new forms of institutional collaboration between Catholic-inspired philanthropic organizations and public administrations in the interest of socially vulnerable citizens, or the emergence of new ideological conflicts on gender- and sexuality-related issues.

This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).

How will the world's largest population approach its inequality challenges? This volume addresses this question by unraveling different strands of India's emerging health and gender geographies. It is the first book to offer a comparative study of these disparities in India, stressing the deep interaction between health challenges and patriarchal features. Most themes explored in this book illustrate the entangled nature of the social and regional determinants of gender and health imbalances in India.

Ageing of the Oppressed: A Pandemic of Intersectional Injustice explores what it is like to grow older with accumulating and intersecting discrimination. It condemns ageism and other "isms." Despite its visibility during the COVID-19 pandemic, ageism is not a new phenomenon but one that has been ignored for too long by policymakers and the general population. The negative language used to describe population ageing adds fuel to the fire by filling people's minds with ageist images that permeate all levels and sectors of society. We should all be recognized as full human rights holders, no matter our age, ability, disability, gender or sexual orientation, race, or socio-economic or any other status. This book combines theoretical models and academic essays by top experts with the real-life experience of older persons and activists. It is a must-read for advocates for human rights; policymakers; service providers; students of social and health sciences, the humanities, and law; and anybody willing to challenge assumptions and practices. The proposed UN Convention on the human rights of older persons will be a step forward to providing older persons with a remedy for daily and often life-long oppression.

Silvia Perel-Levin, a highly respected international expert and leading advocate on human rights and ageing, has brought together contributors from around the world and from different disciplines to reflect on ageing, human rights, and oppression in its many forms. The book offers provocative, moving, and powerful stories and analyses of marginalization in older age and the interaction of age and other forms of discrimination in the denial of human rights. The book demands of its readers that they reflect deeply on their own ageism, prejudices, and complacency. A must-have for anyone interested in ageing, human rights, law, and structures of power in our societies.

-Andrew Byrnes, Emeritus Professor of Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

As an eminent global advocate for the improvement of human rights of all citizens and most especially older people, Silvia Perel-Levin is well qualified to bring together leading experts in their field to convey through storytelling the manifest urgency for formal recognition and collective action against unjust treatment in all its forms. Each narrative will leave an imprint on your soul of the pain of being human yet most importantly the innate power in voice and meaningful engagement.

-Jane Barratt, Secretary General, International Federation on Ageing

Reconfiguring Global Societies in the Pre-Vaccination Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic examines lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in communities and societies around the world before the arrival of vaccines. This collection presents analyses of scholars from eight countries, all of whom were engaged in the unfolding crisis of social forces across the world.

This timely volume conveys valuable insights about how public officials, the state, healthcare workers, and, ultimately, citizens responded to consequences of the pandemic upon not only the body but also social relations in community, city, and society. The contributing scholars document how state apparatuses, urban configurations, places of employment, legal structures, and ways of life responded to crisis-altered social conditions during the pandemic. The book investigates what societies experiencing crisis around the world reveal about the state's efficacy and inefficacy in fulfilling its social contract for its citizens, especially on unresolved issues related to social relations based on politics, race, ethnicity, gender, and crime.

This collection brings together a cross section of scholars experiencing the same temporal moment of crisis together, watching and observing how the pandemic of their age uncoiled itself into the fabric of community, onto the institutions and bureaucracies of society, and into the most intimate confines of the home.

Innovative and thought-provoking, the Handbook brings together an international range of top scholars from gerontology and geography to provide state-of-the-art assessments of the topic. Not only examining the latest literature, the chapters also challenge current thinking on the many intersections, opportunities and issues around place and aging that need to be addressed through policy and practice. The Handbook is split into four key sections: looking at different perspectives, core places of aging, making and re-making places for aging, and envisioning a future for the study of aging and place.

This Handbook invites students, scholars, practitioners and policy makers to consider a fresh examination of aging and place, offering theoretical, empirical and policy-relevant content. It will be of particular interest to those studying and working within gerontology, human geography, sociology, urban planning and environmental psychology.

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(M. McEldowney, Emeritus Professor of Planning)

This book provides a post-Covid recovery strategy for the UK that is based on all aspects of health, but also addresses the ever-greater threat from global warming. Health and sustainability are interlocked.

More than other European nations, we favour libertarian values over social equity, privatized public services and lower taxes that reduce those services. From fair-minded pragmatism, we have descended into dogma, incompetence and intolerance.

Using the government's 5 guiding principles for a sustainable future, the book suggests how to improve distinct aspects of health:

• personal health through more preventive medicine;
• environmental health with lower transport and household emissions;
• economic health through local (rather than global) production of goods and services;
• social health by reducing gross health and wealth inequalities; and
• political health through strategic commitment, fair taxes (a bedroom tax just on the poor?) and real devolution to local councils.

We need to think local, act local and act now.

This book delves into the consequences of rapid population aging for Mexico and U.S. Latinos, impacting various institutions, including families, the labor force, and healthcare systems. It examines in depth the causes and consequences of the increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia, especially early-onset decline in the Mexican-origin population.

The book identifies resilience factors as critical to successful aging and health in the Mexican and Mexican-American populations from a transdisciplinary perspective. It also examines the diversity in the experiences of older adults with dementia and related disorders and that of their families in Mexico and the United States. The book also helps to better understand the levels of need and support capacity in both nations and the organizational contexts of long-term care in both countries.

The ultimate goal of this sixth volume in the series on aging in the Americas is to identify critical sources of vulnerability and possible policy options for closing the gap in affordable and sustainable long-term care and financial wellbeing for low-resource populations living with dementia and other medical conditions in both countries.

The volume presents new information, consensus data, potential venues for intervention, and action frameworks to advance current knowledge grounded in global aging health systems research of closing disparities in vulnerable populations at high risk of declining cognitive and physical health in two different political contexts. As such, the book provides a wealth of information for researchers, policy makers and professionals in the field of population aging.

The COVID-19 pandemic and other highly transmissible diseases outbreaks have given a new significance to the concept of "resilience", placing it in the spotlight of built environment-related studies. New directions have emerged from expanding on adaptive planning, urban layouts, urban morphologies, spatial planning, healthy cities, etc. To enhance resilience in the post-pandemic era, various theories, practices, and hypotheses are being formulated by scholars around the world.

The book aims to document resilience-related innovations and new perspectives for the built environment, how people's interactions adapt to new realities, and which mechanisms, tools, and strategies are required for such transformations in the following two scales of the built environments:

(1) City/district; research on planning, commuting and mobility, politics, urban configurations, regulations, transmission and prevention, models, top-down processes, innovation processes, etc.

(2) Community/neighborhood; research on collaboration, transmission and prevention, isolation and quarantine, social aspects, accessibility to services, technologies, education, policies, and innovative solutions.