社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

The past 50 years have witnessed a transformation in the structure and function of families and households. The social and demographic catalysts for these changes - including but not limited to delayed marriage, the legalization of same-sex marriage, women's increased labor force participation, and declines in fertility and mortality - have further impacted norms around family life and the performance of formal and informal family roles. Despite these radical shifts, however, family and personal relationships are not well-represented in disability scholarship.

In the interest of expanding disability scholarship on families, this volume of Research in Social Science and Disability brings together research and theoretical perspectives that challenge and revise dominant perspectives on disability and the changing contexts of family and personal relationships. Rooted in a sociological and anti-ableist understanding of families which recognizes that families are not only shaped by individuals and individual relationships, chapters instead concentrate on the social contexts in which families exist to shift our focus away from individuals and allows us to engage with the social structures and status hierarchies that may privilege or undermine families and relationships to varying degrees.

Showcasing conceptually innovative work and cutting-edge methods related to the study of families, Disability and the Changing Contexts of Family and Personal Relationships presents not just a groundbreaking perspective on disability and family life, but also a new paradigm in disability scholarship.

The Social Security Handbook: Overview of Social Security Programs, 2024 provides information about Social Security programs and services, and identifies rights and obligations under the Social Security laws. This completely updated Handbook, organized by section number, is a readable, easy-to-understand reference for comprehending complex Social Security programs and services and contains information on several topics relevant to Social Security policies:

?How Social Security programs are administered
?Who is and isn't covered under retirement, survivors, disability, and hospital insurance programs
?Who is responsible for submitting the necessary evidence to support a claim
?How claims are processed by the Social Security office
?What Social Security benefits are owed to you
?How to obtain information about your rights under Social Security policy

The Handbook is designed to help users understand the gray areas of the Social Security Act, and to provide critical information about rights and obligations under Social Security laws.

The Handbook outlines how to:
?Protect your benefits and avoid benefit loss;
?Monitor government agencies and get information about policy changes that will affect your benefits;
?Make the most of hospital and Medicare coverage;
?Determine the amount of benefits that are subject to federal income taxes;
?Check Social Security earnings and benefits; and
?Get up-to-date news about future Social Security programs and services.

In recent years, security actors have become increasingly concerned with health issues. This book reveals how understandings of race, sexuality and gender are produced/reproduced through healthcare policy.

Analysing the plasma of paid Mexicana/o donors in the US, airport vomit in Ebola epidemics and the semen of soldiers with genitourinary injuries, this book shows how security practices focus upon governing bodily fluids.

Using a variety of critical scholarship - feminist technoscience, queer studies and critical race studies - this book uses fluids to reveal unequal distributions of life and death.

This book explores the relationship between COVID-19 and AIDS. It considers both how the earlier HIV pandemic informed our engagement with COVID-19, as well as the ways in which COVID-19 has changed how we remember and experience AIDS.

Individual sections focus on sexual and intimate relationships, inequalities and injustice, the progressive biomedicalisation of the response (in the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment or cure), and professional, practitioner and community perspectives on the pandemics. The authors come from a wide variety of backgrounds - including public health, nursing, law and legal studies, political studies, and the humanities and social sciences. The book contains contributions by established writers such as Dennis Altman, Shalini Bharat, Tim Dean, Deborah Lupton, Shubhada Maitra, Pauline Oosterhoff and Michael Tan, as well as chapters by Chris Ashford and Gareth Longstaff, Bernard Kelly, Dean Murphy and Kiran Pienaar, and Theodore (ted) Kerr.

This thought-provoking and timely volume includes case studies from Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, the UK, the USA and Vietnam. It has been written for students and scholars from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds, including sociology, healthcare, public health, social work, anthropology, and gender and sexuality studies. The book will also be of interest to the general reader who wants a better understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of modern-day pandemics and the personal and community responses to which they give rise.

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

The proportion of employees with caring responsibilities is growing and, as a result, policies that support working carers are becoming increasingly important.

Written and informed by national experts, this is the first publication to provide a detailed examination of the development and implementation of carer leave policies and policies in nine countries across Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America.

It compares the origins, content and implications of national policies and practices intended to enable workers to provide care to family members and friends while remaining in paid employment - known as 'carer leave'.

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

This book presents an in-depth analysis of the complex and often controversial world of fertility care.

Drawing on extensive ethnographic research and interviews with patients and professionals, the book critically examines the tensions between evidence-based medicine and the demands of an increasingly commercialized fertility care industry. It sheds light on controversial "add-on" treatments, and an emerging hope market.

With its interdisciplinary approach, this is an essential resource for readers in the fields of science and technology studies and medical sociology.

This collection draws upon a range of thematic and regional case studies and uses the right to health as a normative framework to explore the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.

Drawing lessons from across the continent, the book discusses the challenges faced by African states seeking to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of health care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the volume explores the impact of the pandemic on the right to health of vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as women, children, elderly persons with disabilities, refugees and asylum seekers, and people from disadvantaged communities. Due to the poor funding of the healthcare systems, access to health-related services was limited to these groups in many African countries, thereby leading to avoidable COVID-19-related deaths through shortages of vital supplies, including diagnostic tests, ventilators, and oxygen cylinders. Chapters in the volume also explore the contentious issues of vaccine mandates, equity, resource allocation, and the rights of healthcare providers during the pandemic.

This collection will be of interest to students of public health, human rights, and the social sciences, as well as to academics and policymakers with an interest in the nexus between the COVID-19 pandemic and public health policy in Africa.

This book critically analyses diverse experiences related to disability in India. Drawing upon intersectionality theory, it explores a range of issues regarding everyday experiences of disability in relation to gender, religion, social experiences, and India's neoliberal economy and its built environment. From theoretical to deeply personal, this book discusses themes like invisible disability and identity; women with disabilities in India; bodily frustrations and cultural stigma; emotional stability and self-esteem of children with disabilities; neurodiversity and queerness; and overcoming the barriers. It also emphasizes the impact of the writings of women with disabilities on their personal experiences. The volume discusses perspectives and practices of schooling, curricular transactions, and inclusive education that have evolved for children who are deaf in India.

Conversational and interdisciplinary, this book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners of disability studies, social care, mental health, social psychology, gender studies, social work, and special education.

In an era where digital transformation is revolutionising every sector, the healthcare industry stands at a significant crossroad. With Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) at the core of this transition, the role of accountants is evolving dramatically. This book brings these pieces together to guide accountants and interested readers through the changing landscape.

The book begins by demystifying VBHC and introducing the concept of digital health. It examines how the digital transition is impacting accountants in the healthcare sector, outlining their shifting roles from traditional data processors to strategic advisors. The chapters delve into a broad range of topics including performance evaluation, operational budgeting, capital investment, and the need for adaptability in dealing with technological advancements. Alongside this, it showcases how these changes are shaping the future of accounting in healthcare and the skills necessary to navigate these novel pathways.

Targeted primarily at accountants, financial professionals in healthcare and health sector leaders, this book also serves as an accessible guide for those new to the subject. The readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the intersection of healthcare, accounting and digital technology, appreciating the value that adept accountants can bring to the VBHC journey. The book comes complete with real-world case studies, illuminating the complexities and rewards of VBHC's digital transition. Additionally, it includes supplementary materials to further enrich understanding, including a glossary of terms and online resources to explore the topics in depth.

Bringing together studies from across the Nordic region, this book examines the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on vaccine hesitancy. Shedding light on the political tensions that emerged as a result of the pandemic and the debates that ensued both within and between the Nordic nations, it investigates the vociferous discussions surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines and their presumed negative side effects through the lens of trust; trust in and between the neighbouring countries, in healthcare systems, fellow citizens, and experts; in public authorities, politicians, researchers, journalists, and pharmaceutical companies. The first volume to explore vaccine hesitancy in the Scandinavian context, this ground-breaking volume offers fresh perspectives on vaccine scepticism not as a form of ignorance or lack of knowledge, but as a manifestation of a more fundamental lack of faith in modern government and science. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, politics, anthropology, media studies, communication and cultural studies with interests in public health, popular and political discourse and questions of public trust.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Public health is the science and art of improving the health and well-being of communities. Public health interventions go beyond individual healthcare to focus on preventing diseases and injuries, promoting healthy behaviors, and addressing sociocultural, economic, and environmental factors that impact health.

While topics of public health, such as maternal health, child health, and epidemiology of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, require familiarity with clinical terms and concepts, the author demystifies medical knowledge to make it accessible to a wider audience. Challenges faced by low-income countries, as well as success stories from developed nations, are included to make the book relevant for global readers.

With a focus on essentials and priority issues, the author employs simple and straightforward language to present situational cases that shed light on global public health challenges and possible interventions. To stimulate analytical thinking and encourage readers to approach the subject with scientific rigor, concepts and facts are substantiated with their background, rationale, or application. Readers should be able to relate learnings with their field experience.

While this book is primarily for public health practitioners, including community health nurses and physicians, social workers, and health managers, it may be a valuable resource for anyone interested in public health and its application in creating healthier societies.

The new edition of this leading text is an essential guide to promoting healthy behaviour in a multi-cultural society, providing a holistic stance that integrates both physical and mental health and wellbeing.

With a comprehensive overview of the interplay between social class, gender, ethnicity and individual health differences, the book also looks at key lifestyle issues such as eating well, smoking, drinking alcohol and safe sex, as well as the mechanisms for behavioural change. Each chapter features engaging case studies, points for discussion and student activities. Updated since the COVID-19 pandemic, the new edition also discusses the effects of lockdowns on healthy behaviours.

An accessible and engaging text, the third edition of Promoting Healthy Behaviour will continue to be essential reading for both students and practitioners across nursing, public health and allied health professions.

Will genome-based precision medicine fix the problem of race/ethnicity-based medicine? To answer this question, Sun and Ong propose the concept of racialization of precision medicine, defined as the social processes by which racial/ethnic categories are incorporated (or not) into the development, interpretation, and implementation of precision medicine research and practice.

Drawing on interview data with physicians and scientists in the field of cancer care, this book addresses the following questions: Who are the racializers in precision medicine, how and why do they do it? Under what conditions do clinicians personalize medical treatments in the context of cancer therapies? The chapters elucidate different ways in which racialization occurs and reveal that there exists an inherent contradiction in the usage of race/ethnicity as precision medicine moves from bench to bedside. The relative resources theory is proposed to explain that whether race/ethnicity-based medicine will be replaced by genomic medicine depends on the resources available at the individual and systemic levels. Furthermore, this book expands on how racialization happens not only in pharmacogenomic drug efficacy studies, but also in drug toxicity studies and cost-effectiveness studies.

An important resource for clinicians, researchers, public health policymakers, health economists, and journalists on how to deracialize precision medicine.

The revolution in healthcare as well as demand for efficient real-time healthcare services are driving the progression of edge computing, AI-mediated techniques, deep learning, and IoT applications for healthcare industries and cloud computing. Edge computing helps to meet the demand for newer and more sophisticated healthcare systems that are more personalized and that match the speed of modern life. With applications of edge computing, automated intelligence and intuitions are incorporated into existing healthcare analysis tools for identifying, forecasting, and preventing high-risk diseases.

Reconnoitering the Landscape of Edge Intelligence in Healthcare provides comprehensive research on edge intelligence technology with the emphasis on application in the healthcare industry. It covers all the various areas of edge intelligence for data analysis in healthcare, looking at the emerging technologies such as AI-based techniques, machine learning, IoT, cloud computing, and deep learning with illustrations of the design, implementation, and management of smart and intelligent healthcare systems.

Chapters showcase the advantages and highlights of the adoption of the intelligent edge models toward smart healthcare infrastructure. The book also addresses the increased need for a high level of medical data security while transferring real-time data to cloud-based architecture, a matter of prime concern for both patient and doctor. Topics include edge intelligence for wearable sensor technologies and their applications for health monitoring, the various edge computing techniques for disease prediction, e-health services and e-security solutions through IoT devices that aim to improve the quality of care for transgender patients, smart technology in ambient assisted living, the role of edge intelligence in limiting virus spread during pandemics, neuroscience in decoding and analysis of visual perception from the neural patterns and visual image reconstruction, and more.

The technology addressed include energy aware cross-layer routing protocol (ECRP), OMKELM-IDS technique, graphical user interface (GUI), IOST (an ultra-fast, decentralized blockchain platform), etc.

This volume will be helpful to engineering students, research scholars, and manufacturing industry professionals in the fields of engineering applications initiatives on AI, machine learning, and deep learning techniques for edge computing.

From 1650 to 1750 the provision of medical care for injured seamen in the Royal Navy underwent a major transformation, shifting from care provided by civilians in private homes to care at hospitals run by the navy. Early Modern Naval Health Care in England examines the factors responsible for the emergence of centralized naval health care over the course of a century.

In 1650 sick and injured Royal Navy sailors were billeted in homes in coastal communities where civilians were paid to look after them. Care work, which involved making meals and feeding patients, administering medicines, washing clothes and bed linens, and shaving and cutting hair, was essential to the recovery of tens of thousands of seamen - and it was done mostly by women. Beginning at the turn of the eighteenth century, naval health care moved to a more centralized system based in hospitals, where the conduct of sailors and care workers could be overseen. A key factor driving this change was the relationships between naval officials and female civilian caregivers, which were often fraught. Yet even with the shift to naval hospital settings, most care for convalescing sailors continued to be provided by women.

Early Modern Naval Health Care in England shines a light on the care work that lay behind England's formidable Royal Navy during the Age of Sail.

The needs of newcomers and the provided social assistance.

The topic of social assistance for migrant newcomers often sparks heated public debate and remains a prominent concern on the policy agenda. Society has experienced a growing level of diversity. This reality gives rise to new demands and changing profiles of individuals who benefit from welfare services. Welfare institutions, which are responsible for providing social assistance, play a crucial role in granting access to social benefits for newcomers. Moreover, the provision of social assistance can significantly influence the settlement and integration processes of migrants.

This book provides empirical insights into the alignment between the needs of newcomers and the service provided to them. It examines the accessibility of social assistance for newcomers from a comprehensive perspective, encompassing aspects such as gaining access (including equal access for all) and service availability. By focusing on the Belgian Public Centres for Social Welfare as a case study, the authors explore the policies and practices related to social assistance and labour market activation for newcomers and the factors that influence individuals' access to their rights.

By incorporating the perspectives of all the relevant stakeholders involved, drawing on the insights of social workers and managers as well as the experiences of newcomers themselves, this book offers a unique understanding of the interactions between immigrants, the welfare state, and street-level bureaucrats. It provides valuable insights for enhancing service provision, striving for a more inclusive approach.

Contributors: Adriana Costa Santos (Universite Saint-Louis Bruxelles), Michelle Crijns (Wilde Ganzen Foundation), Peter De Cuyper (KU Leuven), Abraham Franssen (Universite Saint-Louis Bruxelles), Angeliki Konstantinidou (University of Liege), Jean-Michel Lafleur (University of Liege), Jeremy Mandin (University of Liege), Carla Mascia (Universite Libre de Bruxelles), Elsa Mescoli (University of Liege), Roberta Perna (Complutense University of Madrid), Marije Reidsma (KU Leuven), Hanne Vandermeerschen (KU Leuven), Youri Lou Vertongen (Universite Saint-Louis Bruxelles).

Ebook available in Open Access.
This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).

The twelfth edition of the Sociology of Mental Disorder presents the major issues and research findings on the influence of race, social class, gender, and age on the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders. The text also examines the institutions that help those with mental disorders, mental health law, and public policy.

Many important updates are new to this edition:

• The mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are examined.
• Aging and mental health is discussed in more detail.
• Updated review of gender differences in mental disorder.
• A revised and more in-depth discussion of mental health and race.
• Problems in the community care of the mentally ill are covered.
• Updates of research and citations throughout.

Blending foundational concepts and sociological perspectives on mental health issues with newer studies and accounts in an accessible and authoritative survey of the field, the new edition of Sociology of Mental Disorder remains an essential text and an invaluable resource for students and scholars.

The third edition provides thorough coverage of the causes and characteristics of intellectual disabilities as well as detailed discussions of the validated instructional approaches in the field today. A revised "Future Directions" chapter explores the most recent philosophical, social, legal, medical, educational, and personal issues that professionals and people with intellectual disabilities face. All chapters have been updated with recent developments in research and the newest terminology being used in the field. This comprehensive and current introductory textbook is ideally suited for introductory or methods courses related to intellectual disabilities.

This book considers the global response on governance after the pandemic while sociologically addressing the effects of COVID-19 on life and work experience.

It presents the effects of COVID-19 on global and local labour markets, the development of digitisation and technology, of work health, and on the environment with respect to global warming and climate change. Linking COVID-19 to the progress of globalisation, the book considers the spread of the pandemic and its management as a response to neoliberalism.

The book analyses national and international governance models for tackling future outcomes of emerging global issues such as technology, green industry and environment that may inform future management of global crises. As such, it will be of interest to scholars in the field of Global Studies, Governance, International Relations, Political Science, Complexity Studies, Environment Studies, Sociology, Disaster Management and Occupational Health.

This book studies the impact of COVID-19 in South Asia. With case studies from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, the volume assesses the long-term effects of COVID on the countries' political economy, public health, education, and society and offers recommendations for creating a more robust and resilient society for South Asian countries in response to the threat of future pandemics. The authors also make suggestions for shared policy goals, identifying smart strategies, and aligning policy instruments into short and long-term policy decisions to address wider societal issues of economy, migration, refugees, and averting the threats of extremism.

Topical and comprehensive, this book will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of sociology, medical sociology, political sociology, social anthropology, South Asian studies, public policy, political economy, and political studies.

The stories of 18 immigrant families from East Harlem and their experiences with one of New York's deeply-rooted organizations
On any given weekday, people stream in and out of Little Sisters of the Assumption Family Health Service's bright, airy building on 115th Street. They are mostly mothers who find their way to LSA, sometimes only weeks after crossing the border from Mexico, having heard of the support that las hermanitas ("the little sisters") offer. Opening a window into the world of New York's Spanish-speaking newcomers, Mutuality in El Barrio combines oral histories with archival research of the history, spirituality, and ministry of LSA to present how this well-established organization serves vulnerable populations with a unique approach they call "mutuality."
LSA is part of a network of East Harlem's powerful grassroots organizations that draws from the remarkable strengths of local families in its community. It is a place of healing and empowerment focused on the overall holistic health of resident families. Long-term relationships are cultivated here rather than quick fixes, and it is a place that nurtures people's full potential as leaders, parents, and advocates for themselves. In Mutuality in El Barrio, eighteen mothers share how, through the help of LSA, they managed to navigate a strange city and an unfamiliar language in a neighborhood that has long been a site of incredible challenges and extraordinary strength, creativity, and cultural vitality.
These personal accounts of mothers, long-time LSA staff, and nuns reveal how these women found solidarity, accompaniment, care, neighborhood transformation, and binding connections through mutuality that helped them grow and connect in East Harlem. Their stories shine a light on an organization that began as a small community of vowed nuns who, like these mothers, also trace their origins abroad.

Literature on sex, intimacy and sexuality in later life has been heavily influenced by perspectives from more affluent regions, perpetuating the belief that the West is more sexually progressive and liberal than other cultures.

This book challenges this belief by exploring diverse cultures and perspectives from the majority world, which are often overlooked. It highlights the importance of learning from cultures in the global South and East, dismantling stereotypes that frame them as sexually conservative or inferior.

Variously drawing on structuralist, postcolonial and decolonial theory as well as social anthropology, the book critically examines binaries related to culture, age, sex and intimacy, highlighting the need to decentre Western perspectives as the benchmark while other cultures and practices are misunderstood.

Throughout the nineteenth century poor relief in Quebec was private and sectarian. In Montreal bourgeois Protestant women responded by establishing institutional charities for destitute women and children.

Their Benevolent Design delves into the inner workings of two of these charities (the Protestant Orphan Asylum and the Montreal Ladies' Benevolent Society), sheds light on little-known aspects of the community's response to social inequality, and examines the impact of liberalism on changing attitudes to poverty and charity. Seeing charity as a class duty, elite women structured their benevolent design around the protection, religious salvation, and social regulation of poor children. Janice Harvey explores how these philanthropists overcame the constraints of social conventions for women in polite society, how charity directors devised and implemented institutional aid, and how that aid was used by families and experienced by children. Following the development of the charities through the end of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth, the book explores the conflict that arose between these institutions and other social services, including those that advocated for foster care and so-called scientific charity. The 1920s marked a major social shift in how child poverty was understood and managed in Protestant Montreal.

Despite the gendered obstacles facing women in charity organization, Their Benevolent Design celebrates the remarkable ingenuity and independence of a group of Canadian women in shaping social aid and improving the grim realities of child poverty.

Gender diversity and non-conformity are becoming increasingly visible within society. As more trans and non-binary service users 'come out' and trans populations age, practitioners and service providers working in health care, social care, welfare services and housing, will begin to see a growing number of older gender-diverse service users.

With contributions from trans and non-binary scholars and practitioners and those with lived experience, this book outlines what good care and support looks like for older trans and non-binary people. This book provides a range of reflective learning activities that can be used by educators, policy makers and practitioners in healthcare, social care, public and community services to develop their knowledge and skills to ensure their practice is affirmative and inclusive.