社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This open access book provides an overview of urban digital platforms such as Airbnb and Deliveroo, which, along with Amazon, Google, Facebook, and other IT companies, constitute by now the infrastructures for other businesses to operate on and for our social life to go on. These platforms serve as standards-based techno-economic systems that simultaneously capture cooperation through remote coordination and organize labor via algorithm management.

Based on a three-years research project, this contributed book outlines a general theory of platform capitalism that conceives these platforms not only as technical devices, but as generative engines that operate at the interface of several aspects, such as digitalization of forms of social cooperation; algorithm-based management of labor and participation; and private and vertical appropriation of profits. These elements are somehow iconic of the capitalist evolution of the last decades, and they open up a reflection on new forms of "primitive accumulation" (in particular regarding data), on the mechanisms used to capture and extract social surplus value, and on the logistic-financial dimensions of capital. Finally, in light of the transformations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors examine how platforms can evolve into hegemonic organizational structures.

Assuming we are all already living in the age of the platform, this book takes a multifaceted approach-combining sociology with urban studies, and political sciences with economics-to grasp the challenges our societies face in terms of ensuring fair economic growth, adequate social protections, and labor rights. It will appeal to anyone interested in digital platforms and how they are changing the organization of labor, urban spaces, and forms of governance.

The Handbook of Critical Perspectives on Nonprofit Organizing and Voluntary Action illustrates opportunities and challenges for future researchers within the sector and presses the reader to imagine a better, more equitable future. Chapters employ a variety of vital theoretical lenses, for example utilizing postcolonial theory, critical feminist theory, queer theory, critical disability theory and post-structural theory. They provide a timely, inter-contextual narration of the many roles enacted by nonprofit and voluntary organizations today.

Approaching nonprofit organizing as an ever-expanding topic, this crucial Handbook will be an important read for scholars of critical management studies, public administration, and public policy. It will additionally benefit researchers within the philanthropic studies field hoping to gain insight into the future of their discipline.

Resilience in healthcare organizations is a complex issue, involving all stakeholders in the healthcare field. It is a highly topical issue, even more so in the wake of the recent health crisis.

This book explores the impact of collective intelligence on the resilience of these organizations, and the role played by innovation. Health organizations comprise the structures and systems involved in treating patients, as well as healthcare professionals with medical, social or medico-social expertise, along with institutional and administrative players in the field.

Innovation, Collective Intelligence and Resiliency in Healthcare Organizations alternates between theoretical readings and illustrative case studies. Their diversity is the result of their contributors: university researchers, institutional players from healthcare authorities, practicing caregivers in hospital structures or healthcare coordination support systems, and managers of healthcare structures and systems.

Drawing on empirical research with older South Asian migrant women, this book puts forth new understandings on how older, settled, migrant women construct and understand age through recollections of key life course events that are structured around gendered positions. Divesting from a Western-centric view and applying a decolonial and Black feminist lens to ageing, the author presents intersectionality and transnational positionality as useful tools to connect old age, migration and memory in critical studies on aging. Chapters flesh out life course memories at different key stages and examines how the intersections of multiple markers of identity (race, gender, language, immigration status, age, etc.) shape how older South Asian migrant women understand and experience their lives.

This book will be of interest to scholars with a focus on Gender Studies, Migration Studies, Ageing Studies, and Mobility Studies.

Pandemics - it seems that it had been the beginning of a new era, after a first shock wave a new normality commenced trying to, repress the complex challenges while living under a new Sword of Damocles. Origins and consequences of the virus had been frequently issued, but only little attention had been paid to structural problems of societies, making it difficult to cope with the exceptional situation. The present book, focusing on the German polity and its structural weakness, analysis the situation in a historical perspective. It is completed by an essayist globalist outlook on the pandemics.

The provocative thesis is that the precarity of society is itself a kind of virus, in many ways as dangerous as the Corona virus. The latter one showed the weak - and dangerous - points of the failure of the polity that need urgent and thorough political answers.

This edited collection sheds light on how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing social issues, and it stresses the importance of understanding, analyzing, and critiquing law and policy decisions during times of crisis. Specifically, this collection brings together a diverse array of scholarly work that highlights various legal and policy-related topics, including litigations, Zoombombing, international students' experiences, violence against women, sex workers' health, governmental crisis responses, neo-vagrancy laws, period povery, and educational issues. The collection offers multi-disciplinary scholarly insights, preliminary research findings, legal and policy analysis, and educational guidelines to address unprecedented socio-legal and psychological impacts on society that have evolved since the onset of the pandemic. Further, these chapters add to the ongoing dialogue about how North American society can improve by exploring dilemmas and highlighting opportunities for positive change. Thus, this collection sheds light on how vulnerable communities have been disproportionately impacted by governments' policies and laws since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it aims to give a different perspective on how we can move forward and address these issues to create more justice in a post-COVID society.

"This publication provides a diverse array of topics, and offers thoughtful and innovative perspectives on the impacts of COVID-19 and policy responses of governments to this pandemic in areas such as litigation, Zoombombing, international students, domestic violence, sex workers' health, neo-vagrancy laws, and education. The overwhelming and well documented conclusion is that disadvantaged and vulnerable people were disproportionately affected in ways that exacerbated underlying inequalities. It is a timely and vital read for anyone who is concerned about social justice issues."

-Dr. A. Wayne MacKay, C.M., K.C., Professor Emeritus of Law, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University

This book connects clinical sociology to the food justice movement through gardens in incarcerated settings. Situated within the larger food justice movement, the authors highlight the shortcomings of the global food system and the inequalities produced by the lack of adequate nutrition, particularly in the context of marginalized populations, such as those in carceral institutions. The book provides an up-to-date overview of horticulture programs in different incarcerated settings in the US, including prisons and community correction units, and provides in-depth discussion on innovative best-practice models. It also features a detailed analysis of an ongoing multi-site research project on gardening in incarcerated settings for women at local, state, and federal levels. Unlike other literature on prison and jail horticulture, this book contextualizes gardening in incarcerated settings with critical historical analysis, presenting the theoretical background to sociological action research projects. Serving as a starting point for establishing gardening as an evidence-based practice in prisons and jails, it is essential reading for researchers and practitioners of clinical sociology and social work, criminologists, prison and corrective institution administrators, and citizen groups interested in therapeutic gardening and alternatives to industrial prison food.

Laying out the foundational concepts and disciplinary perspectives in the field, international leading and diverse authors survey the determinants and mechanisms which are associated with and cause happiness, quality of life and subjective wellbeing. They cover wellbeing variations across populations worldwide, looking closely at the different methods and measures used to carry out this research. With a focus on emerging research, this Encyclopedia discusses trending topics such as animal happiness, big data, genetic engineering, eco-anxiety, war, and working from home. Ultimately, it fosters a sophisticated discourse on both individual and societal wellbeing.

With its concise summaries, this informative Encyclopedia of Happiness, Quality of Life and Subjective Wellbeing is an essential read for scholars anthropology, biology, demography, economics, ethics, intercultural studies, medicine, neuroscience, pedagogy, psychology, public policy, social work, and sociology. It will also be a valuable reference to policymakers and practitioners involved in business consulting, education, public health, organizational design, social work, or urban planning.

Key Features:

• Transdisciplinary contributions on the past, present and future of happiness, quality of life, and subjective wellbeing research
• Open Access contribution written by the six editors of the UN's World Happiness Report
• Over 60 entries from 100 emerging and established experts across multiple scientific domains, diverse origins and different countries.

In health and medicine, imagining the future is essential in giving meaning to the past and the present and for propelling people into action. This is true not only at the level of individuals as they envision and carry out everyday activities and long-term plans but also for institutional practices framed by and unfolding within various socio-political ecologies and transfigurations. Hope and uncertainty are critical affective and knowledge-related modalities of such imaginations and assume vital meanings in policing, managing, and experiencing health, illness, and well-being. This volume brings together contributions from medical anthropologists who address this theme across various medical spheres, including the pragmatics of hope and uncertainty, the techno-sphere, health management, and individual and socially distributed emotions.

Emphasising the critical importance of policy research and theorising for health care, the Research Handbook argues that analysts of health care policy need to draw on conceptual models of the policy process, in particular the 'stages model' and the '3 Is' model of ideas, interests, and institutions. It considers how these models could be applied using specific cases of countries and regions across the globe, bridging the divide between the existing literature on health systems in the global North and global South. Chapters explore the various stages of the policy process, from agenda setting and policy formation to policy implementation and evaluation, before examining central topics such as governance, health care inequalities, long term care, responses to Covid-19, and providing, financing, and regulating health care.

This erudite Research Handbook will be an essential resource for postgraduate students and scholars of health care policy, public policy, and health systems research. Its astute analysis of different transnational actors and health care processes across the globe will also benefit policy makers and practitioners working in health care.

Cognisant of the diversity of ageing populations, the Research Handbook on Inequalities in Later Life outlines ways of rebalancing public policy agendas to consider older persons' ideas and experiences. Throughout the chapters, experts present thought-provoking insights on ageing in the context of the community and the individual by delving into international case studies. They cover a wide range of issues, including employment, gender, wealth, housing, the ageing body, sexuality, indigenous populations, disability, technology, morbidity and mortality. Presenting a progressive framework that prioritises wellbeing as a public good, the Handbook highlights the importance of social connectedness, older people's advocacy, and further research into the meaning of successful and active ageing.

Comprehensive in scope, this stimulating Research Handbook will be invaluable for scholars of gerontology, sociology, anthropology, development studies, comparative social policy, health, labour policy and public policy. It will also be of benefit to policymakers and practitioners in advocacy organisations.

This introduction to the philosophy of medicine surveys the landscape of western philosophy as it pertains to healthcare in an accessible way. Written by a doctor for doctors and other health professionals, framing the 'toolbox' of philosophy within the community of medicine, it encourages examination of the implicit assumptions made in the construction of medical knowledge and practice.

Taking the reader step by step through the concepts that underpin modern philosophy, they will be challenged to reflect upon the premises within clinical practice which might benefit from scrutiny and challenge, including the nature of scientific knowledge, the limits of our biomedical model, the cultural and relational context, and the failure to recognise or manage adequately the fact/value distinction in medicine and healthcare.

The book is an ideal textbook for students of medicine and medical philosophy and will also be of interest to bioethicists, medical sociologists, clinical commissioners and to practicing clinicians in medicine and the allied health professions seeking to improve their understanding of philosophy and ethics and sharpen their critical thinking skills.

Anxious Geographies offers a unique perspective on social anxiety, framing it as both a social and spatial phenomenon. Through a meticulous exploration using online questionnaires and interviews, the book provides a crucial examination of the intricacies of anxious lives.

This book presents a critical intervention in the experience of mental health in 21st-century society and provides a compelling geographical account of the underpinnings of the anxious experience. The book pivots on the in-depth perspectives of people with social anxiety, diagnosed or "sub-clinical", but with an academic commentary that relates their experience to the medicalisation of a disrupted relational life, offering lessons for all of us in modern societies. Each chapter considers a unique aspect of social anxiety accounting for the social, spatial, temporal, relational and embodied dynamics, a geographical approach that enriches our understanding of the contexts and conditions that exacerbate and sustain anxious distress. The phenomenological descriptions herein, capture how social anxiety can profoundly alter a person's coherent, habitual and embodied sense of being in and navigating through their social and spatial worlds. Through the experiential accounts of anxious distress and by considering the social contexts in which they emerge, this book provides readers with crucial insights into the hidden lives of those living with social anxiety.

This book will be of appeal to academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of human geography and across the social sciences and humanities. It will also provide useful insights for academics and health professionals in social psychiatry, social psychology, counselling studies and therapeutic practice.