社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

Foregrounding the work professional communicators do to support public health and social missions, this book examines how the principles and practices of public relations can be applied by nonprofit, government, and corporate entities working to understand and improve public health and social conditions.

Many organizations attempt to influence prosocial behaviors, such as donating one's time, money, or talents; participating in advocacy or activism; or otherwise working to protect public health or inspire social change. This book explores research and practice related to communication and other factors involved in motivating such efforts. Each chapter focuses on a different topic, providing definitions, summarizing research, and explaining how it has been or can be applied to practice, and ends with discussion questions to consider and references for further reading.

Ideally placed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in public relations, health communication, or strategic communication as well as for communications professionals looking to apply research to their practice.

Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health addresses the sexual and reproductive health needs of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) women from a structural and intersectional perspective.

AANHPI women in the United States have often been grouped together due to their race and gender, regardless of their specific communities' diverse histories with the United States and different educational and economic opportunities. The authors argue that AANHPI women are misunderstood by health professionals and researchers, and foregrounds AANHPI women's experiences to demonstrate the challenges they face when seeking health care. The book highlights the diversity of AANHPI women by drawing on their first-hand experiences, and argues for the disaggregation of health data on AANHPI women.

Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health is of value to college classrooms that address racial disparities, health disparities, and women's experiences, as well as for health care professionals.

This timely and comprehensive book delves into this complex and multi-faceted phenomenon of migration and illuminates its diverse facets and its profound influence on societies across the globe.

In an era marked by unprecedented global mobility, as people move across continents in search of better lives, it has never been more crucial to explore the intricate tapestry of human migration. This volume examines the social, economic, and cultural dimensions of migration, uncovering stories of migrants and the transformative potential and hardships their journeys often entail. The twelve chapters in this book demonstrate the scale of challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The contributors examine policy, practice, research and professional development across various international, European and national settings, all viewed through the perspective of career guidance and counselling.

With a new chapter, conclusion, and a revised introduction, this book will be of value and interest to students, researchers, teachers, policymakers, guidance and counselling practitioners who have an interest in migration, human psychology, social science, youth work, mental health, counselling, education, and community development. The other chapters were originally published in the British Journal of Guidance and Counselling.

This book explores a key phenomenon that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 crisis, namely, the crossroads at which social welfare professionals find themselves. This is a crossroads where, on the one hand, there is an accelerated digitalization process and a reorganization of social programs, while on the other hand, we are confronted by the basic challenge of designing social policies and their methods of evaluation, that is, the generation of robust data that will allow better evaluation of social projects and programs.

Rigorously analyzing the crossroads at which social welfare programs find themselves and the new demands for the education of professionals involved in social welfare programs, several key issues can be discerned;
* the theoretical debate surrounding the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and the process of redefining globalization in which we are immersed.
* the challenges to be met by welfare programs, and the good practices that are being implemented.
* the key issue of how to generate more robust data in the field of social services and social protection.
* how to increase the competencies of professionals through education in schools of social work.

Providing 15 newly written chapters drawn from both the global north and the global south, it offers a set of recommendations to address the challenges of inequality and social inclusion in the coming years.

It will be of interest to all academics, students and practitioners working in the fields of social work, social welfare and social development.

This book explores and develops the ongoing conversation about how Taiwan navigated through the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emphasizing the themes of governance and governmentality, it moves the foci of the discussion from COVID policies to the social and political orders undergirding the statecraft of pandemic management. Furthermore, it analyzes how the pandemic fostered a historical moment at which new forms of governance and governmentality were beginning to take root. It also situates Taiwan's precarious nationhood in its global context, thereby challenging a prevalent methodological nationalism - the assumption that the nation is a natural unit of analysis whose borders are more or less unquestioned - and contributing to decolonizing Western theories with perspectives from the Global South.

Presenting rich original materials on the legal and public debates, individual reflections, and grassroots campaigns during COVID, this book will be essential reading for students and scholars of Taiwan's governance and social health policy, as well as medical anthropology and sociology.

This book contributes to the discourse on public health and COVID-19 prevention in three ways. First, by examining COVID-19's impact on underserved and resource-limited communities, it addresses a continuing challenge in public health to ensure equitable access to adequate health care services. Contextually relevant initiatives must recognize and overcome injustices, stigma, racism, and discrimination in order to support the public health system.
Second, the book argues that despite policies in high-income countries that led to the development and authorization of life-saving vaccines, attempts to curtail further transmission globally are futile without a concerted effort to ensure equal distribution of those vaccines.
Third, it assesses the environmental impact of medical waste generated by COVID-19 as an emerging issue, one that cannot be glossed over with short-term solutions. Strategies to address medical waste like sanitizers, masks, gloves, and other products must be included in national policy to protect the populace and first responders.
Utilizing a retrospective lens and examining lessons learned at the end of each chapter, COVID-19 and Public Health discusses global health success with other pandemics, risk communication, community engagement, interplay of policy and politics, environmental health influence, and public health practice implications. The book is suitable as an introductory text in public health or other related courses, such as environmental health, health policy, global health, health disparities, cross-cultural issues, community engagement, or health behavior.
Contributors: Vashti Adams, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Adanna Agbo, Kobi V. Ajayi, Adaeze Aroh, Ugonwa Aroh, Timnit Berhane, Emma Biegacki, Claire Chaumont, Jaih Craddock, Marquitta Dorsey, Ghanem Elhersh, Kristen Garcia, Whitney Garney, Jessica Gokee LaRose, Jeffrey Glenn, F. Todd Gray, Rudene Haynes, Robert Heimer, Tamsim Hoque, Iman Ikram, Laeeq Khan, Kujang Laki, Rachel Ludeke, Devin Madden, Tyra Montour, Kenneth Morford, Michele Morrone, Maghboeba Mosavel, Carolyn Nganga-Good, Jerry Okal, Aggrey Willis Otieno, Sonya Panjwani, Elizabeth Prom-Wormley, Tremayne Robertson, Katie Schenk, Grace Sikapokoo, Vanessa Sheppard, Arnethea L. Sutton, Maria Thomson, Katherine Y. Tossas, Nita Vangeepuram, Pablo Villalobos Dintrans, Elizabeth Wachira, Robert A Winn, Rafeek Yusuf, Zenab Yusuf

This book examines the relationship between media and medicine. Drawing on insights from anthropology, linguistics, and media studies, it considers the fundamental role of news coverage in constructing wider cultural understandings of health and disease. The authors advance the notion of 'biomediatization' and demonstrate how health knowledge is co-produced through connections between dispersed sites of knowledge making and through multiple forms of expertise.

The chapters offer an innovative combination of media content analysis and ethnographic data on the production and circulation of health news, drawing on work with journalists, clinicians, health officials, medical researchers, marketers, and audiences. New to this edition are new case studies, in particular about the COVID-19 pandemic. The first case study looks at pharmaceutical and biotech news, and how journalists portray the flow of information across the boundaries between science and business. The next two case studies examine pandemic news, beginning with the 2009 H1N1 "swine flu" pandemic and continuing to the COVID-19 pandemic. The final case study examines the treatment of race and racism in health news, looking at the ways it interacts with cultural constructions of health citizenship, and the forces that have produced a shift from deracialization of health news to a much stronger focus on race and racism in contemporary health news.

This book is ideal for undergraduate students and scholars across the social sciences, health sciences, cultural studies, and journalism.

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector is certain to boost levels of automation and productivity but, paradoxically, it will also increase the availability of "first line competence." At the same time as demographic trends are affecting demand for health and social care, the technological developments we are seeing make it highly likely that AI will play a decisive role in tackling the challenges our healthcare systems will encounter. This book reveals systemic connections to tackle questions about the potential impact of AI on future challenges in the healthcare sector.

Specifically, it develops practical proposals for ways in which AI can be applied to solve these forthcoming issues. It emphasizes the importance of AI in what is known in the literature as human augmentation. The book's innovative perspective is apparent in the way it challenges conventional wisdom in the context of several pressing questions, such as:

* What opportunities and challenges could arise from the application of AI in the healthcare sector?

* How can the philosophy of medicine, viewed from a systemic perspective, help us to understand, explain, and resolve some of the future challenges in the healthcare sector?

* How could AI affect inclusive employment opportunities for people with disabilities?

The book also contains an underlying argument to the effect that the rational approach adopted by economists is perhaps less rational when applied to a healthcare sector that is crying out for more "first line competence."

The primary readership will be academic, but the book will also appeal to policymakers, consultants, HR departments, healthcare stakeholders, and related practitioners.

Cripping Girlhood offers a new theorization of disabled girlhood, tracing how and why representations of disabled girls emerge with frequency in twenty-first century U.S. media culture. It uncovers how the exceptional figure of the disabled girl most often appears as a resource to work through post-Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) anxieties about the family, healthcare, labor, citizenship, and the precarity of the bodymind. In paying critical attention to disabled girlhood, the book uses feminist disability studies to rupture the unwitting assumption in girls' studies that girlhood is necessarily non-disabled.

By closely examining the ways that disabled girls represent themselves, Anastasia Todd goes beyond a critique of the figure of the privileged, disabled girl subject in the national imagination to explore how disabled girls circulate their own capacious re-envisioning of what it means to be a disabled girl. In analyzing a range of cultural sites, including YouTube, TikTok, documentaries, and GoFundMe campaigns, Todd shows how disabled girls actively upend what we think we know about them and their experience, recasting the meanings ascribed to their bodyminds in their own terms. By analyzing disabled girls' self-representational practices and cultural productions, Todd shows how disabled girls deftly theorize their experiences of ableism, sexism, racism, and ageism, and cultivate communities online, creating archives of disability knowledge and politicizing other disabled people in the process.

COVID-19 and Bangladesh analyzes the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and features the socioeconomic fallouts for disadvantaged communities in Bangladesh, their coping mechanisms, and implications for the country's development ambitions.

The contributors to the book examine the immediate impact of economic adversities, which rapidly translated into health, employment, education, and other socioeconomic problems. They show that the pandemic has disproportionately impacted the communities that were traditionally left behind and created a new group of people that are "pushed behind". Structured in four sections, the book examines impact and adjustment in the areas of employment, income, and expenditure and health, education, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offers policy perspectives. The empirical analysis and policy conclusions presented in the chapters are based on official secondary data, household-level primary surveys, focus-group discussions, key informant interviews, and reviews of public policy documents. The policy conclusions and outlook presented in the book can be instructive for other low-middle income, or graduating least developed countries (LDC).

A unique contribution to the current debate on the diverse implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, this book will be of interest to policymakers and academics studying health and society in Asia and other countries of the Global South.

Exploring how and why communication breakdowns occur during pandemics and world disasters, this book offers solutions for improving communication and managing future public health crises.

A compilation of evidence-based lessons learned, this book shows how to effectively convey critical lifesaving information during a pandemic. It assesses how trust in leaders and governments during a public health crisis is formed and the impact this has on how information is perceived by the public. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, the book demonstrates how informative policy decisions and health risk messages can be better communicated for the handling of future pandemics. At a macro-level, the book looks at issues concerning situational awareness, how different countries managed or mismanaged the pandemic, and the lessons readers can learn from those occurrences. At a micro-level, it examines individual differences in public health message perceptions and corresponding actions taken or not taken.

An interdisciplinary critique of the delivery and reception of messages during global disasters, this text is suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses in Communication Studies, Health Communication, Risk Communication and Public Health, Psychology, Sociology, and Disaster Management.

Featuring the latest research by Brazilian-based scholars previously inaccessible to an English-speaking audience, this book is a timely, authoritative, multidisciplinary overview of social policies in Brazil during the Temer austerity and the Bolsonaro populist presidencies. The breadth of policies studied herein provides clues on the political agenda, preferences, and strategies during this tumultuous period in Brazil's history.

Divided into four parts, Part I is a conceptualization: it brings basic understanding of Brazilian social policies, explains the trajectory of the Brazil political landscape, including the growth of a populist right-wing movement, the economic crisis and the increase in poverty and inequality in Brazil prior, and the threat to democracy brought about by the disinformation ecosystem. Part II discusses social security, social assistance, conditional cash transfers, and healthcare. Part III analyzes the neoliberal strategies to social investment policies, specifically labor, family, and education. In Part IV, the authors turn their attention to non-conventional topics that are not typically included in research on welfare state retrenchment, including the environment and indigenous rights, and police violence and gun control.

Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism is unhesitatingly recommended to all those who teach welfare state politics, comparative public policy, development studies, Brazilian politics, and right-wing politics.

Lifestyle Medicine From the Inside Out: Using Positive Psychology in Healthy Lifestyles for Positive Health summarizes the principles, science, and practice of how positive psychology can be integrated into lifestyle medicine for positive health in health care and self-care. This integration builds physical health and well-being, buffers against adversity, and promotes personal growth after traumatic experiences. By intertwining healthy habits and positive psychology-based activities, including personal strengths and what is meaningful to each person, individuals can truly thrive. Such an approach is what the authors refer to as practicing "lifestyle medicine from the inside out."

Co-authored by the lead developer of the original lifestyle medicine competencies, this book suggests positive health expansions for each competency, outlines specific questions that drive personal reflection for change and positive clinical interactions, and describes the step-by-step approach in case studies. Such innovative clinical practice that connects with what matters most to individuals is foundational to care.

In a rapidly changing and increasingly challenging world, health professionals in a wide variety of roles practicing in lifestyle medicine, primary care, and across medical specialties, patients, and all individuals can benefit from the insights and practical tips outlined in this book to achieve and maintain flourishing.

Officially, Western societies are waging a war on obesity. Unofficially, we are waging a war on fat people. Anti-fat sentiment is pervasive, and fat people suffer a host of harms as a result: workforce discrimination, inferior medical care, relentless teasing, and internalized shame. A significant proportion of the population endures such harms. Yet, that is not typically regarded as a serious problem. Most of us aren't quite sure: Is it really OK to be fat? This book argues that it is.

In Why It's OK to Be Fat, Rekha Nath convincingly argues that conventional views of fatness in Western societies-as a pathology to be fixed or as a moral failing-are ill-conceived. Combining careful empirical investigation with rigorous moral argumentation, this book debunks popular narratives about weight, health, and lifestyle choices that underlie the dominant cultural aversion to fatness. It argues that we should view fatness through the lens of social equality, examining the wide-ranging ways that fat individuals fail to be treated as equals. According to Nath, it is high time that we recognize sizeism-the systematic ways that our society penalizes fat individuals for their size-as a serious structural injustice, akin to racism, sexism, and homophobia.

For additional online material from the author, related to this book, please see rekhanath.net

This book examines the process of information diffusion and the challenges of spreading awareness about maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in India, with a special focus on Bihar - a state in eastern India.

Investing in the health of women and children results in significant and long-lasting economic and social benefits to society. Analysing the National Family Health Survey data, the volume explores the role that access to information has on the adoption of MCH practices. It also explores regional variations - between Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and non-EAG states and also across EAG states - in the impact of information networks. Using appropriate econometric methods, the authors study the role of peer effects and grass-roots health workers in bringing about a change in attitude within communities. The book looks at the process of information dissemination between the grass-roots health workers and the target women and brings to the forefront the intricacies of patriarchal family dynamics that hinder women from accessing basic maternal and child healthcare needs. Based on grass-roots experiences, the book provides sharp insights from the field for the benefit of researchers, policymakers, and activists.

Rich in empirical data, this book will be of interest to academics and researchers of development economics, public health policy and practice, community health, healthcare administration and management, primary healthcare and family practice, and health and social care.

With The Sentimental State, Elizabeth Garner Masarik shows how middle-class women, both white and Black, harnessed the nineteenth-century "culture of sentiment" to generate political action in the Progressive Era. While eighteenth-century rationalism had relied upon the development of the analytic mind as the basis for acquiring truth, nineteenth-century sentimentalism hinged upon human emotional responses and the public's capacity to feel sympathy to establish morally based truth and build support for improving the welfare of women and children.

Sentimentalism marched right alongside women's steps into the public sphere of political action. The concerns over infant mortality and the "fall" of young women intertwined with sentimentalism to elicit public action in the formation of the American welfare state. The work of voluntary and paid female reformers during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries shaped what would become lasting collaborations between grassroots voluntary organizations and the national government.

Women saw a social need, filled it, and cobbled together a network of voluntary organizations that tapped state funding and support when available. Their work provided safeguards for women and children and created a network of female-oriented programs that both aided and policed women of child-bearing age at the turn of the twentieth century. Through an examination of these reform programs, Masarik demonstrates the strong connection between nineteenth-century sentimental culture and female political action, advocating government support for infant and maternal welfare, in the twentieth century.

This book presents recent sociological research investigating the intersection of technology, human sexuality, and health.

Rapid advances within biomedical, biomechanical, and biodigital domains have prompted scholarly exploration into the ways these technologies are being integrated into, or are reshaping, human sexual and intimate practices and the resulting health implications. Scholarship has also focused on the potential for new technologies to extend the imagined, and real, possibilities for enhancing human sexual experiences. The chapters in this book delve into the interconnected themes of sex, health, bodies, and risk in relation to emerging technologies. They illuminate the intricate interplay between human bodies, sexual practices and technologies, spotlight how novel technologies and human practices collaboratively shape or remodel cultures of sex and intimacy, and critically interrogate the discourses of risk and pleasure that frame our understanding of technology and sex.

Researchers within the fields of sociology, technology studies, human sexuality, and health, as well as educators and professionals seeking a comprehensive understanding of how people engage with technologies in their intimate relationships and sex lives, will find this collection engaging and informative. Additionally, individuals interested in the cultural, societal, and ethical implications of emerging technologies in relation to sexual experiences and health will also benefit from the insights presented in this volume. The chapters in this book were originally published in several journals, including Health Sociology Review, Journal of Gender Studies, and Information & Communications Technology Law.

The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) has grown exponentially over the last few decades; however, recent global competition is forcing the industry to examine its performance focusing on productivity, efficiency and growth capabilities. While the industry as a whole has proved resilient to economic slowdowns, the performance of individual firms in the industry have displayed large disparities. There is also evidence of disparity among the Indian states.

Efficiency and productivity act as good performance indicators. Performance Analysis of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry estimates the extent of technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of IPI and to identify their major affecting factors. A comparison between efficiency and TFPG of IPI is made, looking at the common factors responsible for variations in efficiency and TFPG of IPI.

Chakraborty and Pal examine the import and export of Indian medicines to understand the place of the industry on a global scale and assess what can be done to become more competitive. The international comparison of this study will appeal and be useful for researchers, industry professionals and policy makers.