社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

The recent pandemic has forced researchers to adapt technologies such as robotics and AI in the healthcare field. This book, Robotics and Automation in Healthcare: Advanced Applications, explores these new technologies by focusing on important issues related to the employment of robotics and automation in healthcare, such as in medical diagnosis, treatment, and surgery.

The volume reviews wireless charging of implantable pacemakers, considers smart bot design for library building of medical colleges, and discusses strain distribution in biomechanical systems. Other topics included in the book are medical imaging, drone technology, 3D printing, and image processing techniques. The application and importance of actuators in medical devices, especially during surgery, is discussed, as are wearable devices for pre-identification of seizure development. The volume also looks at a decision support system for detection of suitable robots and early detection of diseases with the support of image processing techniques. The application of nano-robots in healthcare is also explored.

Providing advanced information and insight into robotics, wearable devices, and applications of image processing in healthcare field, this volume will be helpful to those in communications and electronics engineering as well as those at the forefront of smart technology in healthcare.

There were many challenges, successes, and concerns in providing long-term care to older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking at central North Carolina, the authors highlight the implications of providing long-term care to older Americans, with an emphasis on the importance of communication, resilience of staff, and value of human infrastructure.

Based on extensive interviews, this collection of essays reflects on the participants' individual experiences and represents the voices of staff and caregivers working in long-term residential care communities, in-home and community-based programs, as well as regional aging service providers and advocates.

This concise, user-friendly book provides an accessible guide for anyone wishing to pursue an epidemiological study. It provides the essential tools to understand what epidemiology is, how to choose the correct observational study design for a research question, and how to collect or access data to conduct the study.

The book begins by considering, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of epidemiological studies, as well as highlighting key issues such as bias, causality, and ethics. There are then chapters on the different types of observational epidemiological studies, including case studies, ecological and mixed methods, and the data sources available to researchers.

Following this, and central to the book, is a step-by-step case study on how to conduct a cross-sectional project. Concluding by guiding readers from conducting the research to publishing its findings, this is the ideal companion for students, researchers, or healthcare professionals approaching epidemiological research for the first time.

This compelling collection of essays examines how historically significant marketing schemes have profoundly impacted women's health and healthcare across the world.

Written by scholars and activists from a range of disciplines, including law, sociology, and the health sciences, the book spotlights a range of products that have had a damaging impact on women's health, laying bare the values and assumptions engrained within the marketing campaigns that promoted them. Examples include the advertisement of household and personal care products that expose users to toxic chemicals, empowerment messaging to persuade women to use tobacco products in low- and middle-income countries, and the deceptive marketing of benzodiazepines and opioids that disproportionately impacts women and their families.

A powerful critique of the unethical and paternalistic approach of some corporations, this book will find readers among students taking courses in Public Health, Allied Health, Gender Studies, Sociology, and beyond, as well as interested professionals and lay readers.

This important book draws together new research and theories about bereavement, on the one hand, and men and masculinities on the other, to increase our understanding of men's experience of loss and contribute towards improving support services for men following bereavement.

Bereavement and loss are unavoidable events in life and can be challenging experiences for anyone, regardless of gender. However, in contemporary western cultures, men's experience of bereavement continues to be framed by socially constructed ideas surrounding masculinity, which dictate that men must be stoic following a loss, with grief manifesting in either anger or despair. Men who do not grieve in accepted 'masculine' ways can feel judged, alienated or disenfranchised. This interdisciplinary and interprofessional collection presents theoretical analysis, reports of research findings, reviews of support and interventions, and a wealth of personal accounts. It includes chapters discussing partner loss, childhood bereavement, perinatal loss and bereavement through suicide, as well as bereavement at all stages of the life course.

Men and Loss is an essential read for advanced students and researchers with an interest in men's health and bereavement studies from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, including nursing, medicine, counselling, sociology, social work and psychology.

This introduction to social work with children and young people who are looked after (in care or accommodated) by statutory or voluntary agencies is the only textbook on the subject which addresses this area of work across all four nations of the UK.

Providing a clear theoretical and ethical basis, it introduces and develops a set of core themes, reflective of contemporary developments including:
* the influence of, and tensions between, dominant discourses that shape the social work service (relationship-based practice, early intervention and prevention, social innovation, evidence-based practice and outcomes);
* the use and abuse of concepts of 'children's needs' and 'best interests';
* ideas of parenting and parental responsibility, and the relationships between children, families, communities and the state;
* the importance of recognising that children and young people have rights and considering their views;
* trauma, trauma-informed practice, transitions and resilience.

With chapters addressing a sequence of topics - assessment and planning, residential and foster care, leaving care, and permanence - there is a specific focus on working with disabled children, children from minority ethnic communities, and marginalised groups of children and young people, including refugees and asylum seekers, LGBTQIA+ children and those who have been trafficked.

Packed full of useful pedagogical features, including material on the legal and policy context, summaries of research evidence, notes for good practice, group teaching exercises, references to legislation and guidance, and guides to further reading, it will be core reading on any child and family care modules, general preparation for practice courses, Frontline, Step Up, as well as for all social work practitioners.

Marking its 25th anniversary, this fascinating collection examines the pioneering work of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Setting standards for the delivery of healthcare, issuing guidance on public health, and assessing and making recommendations on health technologies, NICE has attracted widespread international attention, emulation, and comment. The authors in this collection, drawn from a broad range of disciplinary backgrounds, offer analysis of key issues which have informed NICE's work, from the principles of health economics, to patient engagement, to the legal basis on which NICE operates.

Covering many of the most important themes within contemporary debates on health policy and management today, this insightful collection will interest students and researchers, as well as policy makers in the field.

This book shows the potential of posthuman thinking for rethinking health care, experiences, subjects and interventions. It explores a range of posthuman dilemmas across diverse health issues as contributors grapple with the ethical, ontological and epistemological relations of knowing and doing health.

The volume problematizes the rational, agentic individual as the key driver of health-related action and experience. Contributors move beyond long-held humanist assumptions about health, illness, and well-being and attune - theoretically and methodologically - to the entangled relations or ecologies that instantiate realities. They reimagine how care practices and healthcare experiences materialise through human-non-human relationality as biosocial environments. Chapters explore and articulate the agency of more-than-human entities in health-related processes to shed new light on health interventions, evaluations, and health policy. Taken together, the book highlights that although posthumanism enables health sociologists to progress particular agendas, it is essential to further problematise the posthuman decentring of the human by bringing sustained attention to bear on the ethical and political implications of this approach to knowledge-making in health. This field-defining collection consolidates and builds momentum in the burgeoning area of posthuman thinking in health.

It will appeal to scholars and researchers seeking to understand health as a relational achievement better. This book was originally published as a special issue of Health Sociology Review.

This book examines the actorness of the European Parliament (EP) and its roles in global health. In doing so, it appreciates to what extent this democratically elected entity can be considered as a global health actor.

Applying an original analytical framework to measure actorness, the book assesses the EP's capacity to act regarding five major global health issues including the pandemic response, access to essential medicines in developing countries, international trade and global health, medical research and development in the field of poverty-related and neglected diseases (PRNDs), and global health governance. It demonstrates that, despite many challenges, the EP has indeed displayed a polymorphic actorness and multiple roles towards most of these global health issues, especially by succeeding in mobilizing its main competences and instruments to deal with them, finalizing initiatives, and having a substantive influence on the way they were addressed. As such, the book reveals the salience of democratically elected institutions for global health governance.

This book will be of key interest to students and scholars of European studies, global and regional health, legislative studies, and International Relations, but also to parliamentarians and (non-) governmental actors engaged in global health.

When people are prevented from meeting their needs, the impact is disabling, whether in the immigration system or in the wider population. Drawing on many years of research and activism, this book argues that insights from the disabled people's movement, particularly the original Social Model of Disability, can be usefully extended to focus resistance on the disabling restrictions imposed on people subject to asylum and immigration controls.

While acknowledging the pain and discomfort of many impairments and of forced displacement, the book focuses on injustices that can be changed. It does not catalogue the hostility of the 'hostile environment'. Nor does it promote inclusive asylum restrictions. An unjust system is not transformed by including disabled people. Policies designed to deprive people of essential needs and to stoke hatred among the wider population are core elements of the rise of fascism. In this context, bringing together movements for disability and migrant justice could help build urgently needed solidarity and resistance with which to develop a society based on equity and common humanity.

Quotations and images are used to convey the messages and priorities of disabled people seeking asylum, ensuring that the book is both engaging and grounded in the insights of lived experience. This book will interest people seeking to improve social justice, including scholars of disability, migration, sociology and politics.

This book provides a comprehensive approach to the perspectives, lived experiences, and socio-cultural beliefs of Indigenous scholars regarding disabilities through a distinctions-based approach. Indigenous people demonstrate considerable knowledge in a multitude of capacities in spite of legal, monetary, social, economic, health, and political inequalities that they experience within from administrative authorities whether health, education, or governments.

By including various knowledge systems related to social-cultural, traditional governance, spirituality, educational, and self-representation within a communal understanding, the knowledge brought forth will be a combination of information from within/communal and outwards/infusion by Indigenous teachers, scholars, academics, and professionals who aim to combat the negative effects of disability labels and policies that have regulated Indigenous peoples.

Comprised of five sections:

• The power, wisdom, knowledge, and lived experiences of Elders
• Reframing the narrative - Navigating self-representation
• Learning from within - Including traditional knowledge
• Challenging colonial authority - Infusing regional ideals and concepts
• Interpretations, narratives, and lived experiences of grassroots teachers and social service providers

It will be an asset to those who seek out a deeper understanding of the complexity of Indigenous people and their knowledge, including anyone who deals with predominantly non-Indigenous mindsets and barriers to education.

Courses on disability studies, Indigenous studies, social work, health, education, and development studies will all benefit from this book.

Recently, the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have revolutionized numerous industries, including healthcare. The convergence of AI and IoT has given birth to smart healthcare systems, transforming the way we deliver, receive, and experience healthcare services. This book explores the profound impact of these technologies on healthcare and presents a comprehensive overview of their applications, challenges, and prospects.

Smart Healthcare Systems: AI and IoT Perspectives addresses various aspects of how smart healthcare can be used to detect and analyze diseases, the underlying methodologies, and related security concerns. It also discusses healthcare as a multidisciplinary field that involves a range of sectors such as the financial system, social factors, health technologies, and organizational structures that affect individuals, families, institutions, organizations, and populations' healthcare. The book presents the goals of healthcare services which include patient safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. An outline of what smart healthcare consists of which is m-health, e-health, electronic resource management, smart and intelligent home services, and medical devices is included. Along with highlights on how AI and IoT-enabled healthcare technologies are suitable for remote health monitoring, including rehabilitation, and assisted ambient living. Rounding the offers of this book out is that it also covers how healthcare analytics can be applied to the data gathered from different areas to improve healthcare at a minimum expense.

Researchers, Academicians, Industry, R&D Organizations, medical professionals, PG students, and policymakers in the fields of artificial intelligence, the internet of things, healthcare informatics, biomedical engineering, medical informatics, and related subjects can use this book to assist them in making appropriate decisions regarding these emerging disciplines.

A ground-breaking volume that gathers the testimonies of NGO workers, street vendors, activists, scholars, health professionals, and creative writers to chronicle the devastating impact of COVID-19 on Romani communities globally.

The contributors reveal how the pandemic has exacerbated Romani disenfranchisement and document the resilience and creativity with which Romanies have responded to the crisis. Deploying innovative textual formats, and including poignant personal reflections, memoirs, scholarly analyses, and diary excerpts, the volume provides a roadmap for collaboration and dialogue at a time of global emergency.

This is the most significant chronicle of Romani stories about the COVID crisis ever assembled.

From the Introduction:
The contributions include memoirs, opinion essays, transcriptions of conversations or interviews, ethnographic analyses, and a compelling short story by Romani writer Iveta Kokyova, as well as pieces that stride the boundaries between one or more of these genres, or that fit into none.

In highlighting how a WHO Public Health Approach (PHA) has been successfully used in developing countries to provide HIV/AIDS patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART), this important book provides a template for how the PHA can be implemented to treat other chronic but non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as well. With over 28 million people globally now receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS, it's clear there are lessons to be learnt from the provision of ART which have great relevance for NCD care and towards achieving universal health coverage in the global south.

The first section of the book provides a detailed overview of the strategy that enabled such a successful programme to be taken place, the challenges faced and its evolution over time. The book then moves on to assert that by approaching other chronic NCDs in a similar way, focussing on populations with integrated long-term and short-term person-centred care, there is a pathway towards universal health care and Universal Health Coverage across the developing world.

Discussing many of the most pressing diseases and public health issues affecting these regions, this book provides global health scholars and practitioners with a detailed analysis of the challenges faced in tackling these diseases, but also an integrated person-centred health-care approach by which these challenges may be met.

Recent Developments in Health Econometrics is Volume 297 of the Contributions to Economic Analysis serial and is dedicated to Professor Andrew Jones. The volume highlights recent developments in health econometrics, especially in areas of empirical health economics, where Andrew has contributed so significantly. There is special focus on the determinants of health, the economics of addiction and socioeconomic inequalities in health and health care, with these topics are becoming more and more important since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic and through it's ongoing impact.

This book provides a systematic study of the challenges of aging in China and of the measures being taken, planned, and still needed to cope with the challenges. It highlights that the number of people aged 65 or above is growing and that the growth will accelerate-from 176 million people representing 12.6% of the population in 2019 to 310 million representing 22.3% of the population by 2035, and it also highlights that the aging comes at a time when China's economy is not yet fully developed and not yet fully balanced. The book outlines how China has already established an elderly care system and is beginning to meet the needs of the elderly for economic security, social services, and so on; discusses the need for enhancing and considerably extending the existing system; and proposes reform ideas and key policy options.

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the pharmaceutical and medical device industry, including analysis of its current trade and innovation strategies.

Opening with a survey of the global pharmaceutical and medical device industry, Bhardwaj outlines the growing trade and trade interdependence among countries in the global supply chain. He adopts a trade competitiveness approach to analyze patterns of product specialization and examines the drug discovery process and its challenges in translating bioscientific knowledge into lifesaving products. Bhardwaj argues that further economic integration, collaborative R&D, and digital technologies may help accelerate productivity and address global challenges of escalating drug costs, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and pandemic risks. The book also considers how the industry may further green its supply chain, and thus contribute to SDG Goals 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), before closing on a review of China and India, major players who have the potential to become drivers of low-cost medical products and innovations.

With its evidence-based analysis, this book will be of great interest to researchers in pharmaceutical studies, supply chain management, global health, and health economics, as well as policymakers and professionals interested in the global issues facing the industry.

Human enhancement (HE) is considered one of the most profoundly impactful effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This book presents the definition, theory, scope, and main challenges of HE from a health policy and healthcare systems perspective. It offers a comprehensive view of the consequences of human enhancement disrupting the status quo in health service delivery and social coherence.

The book examines the latest achievements of HE, focusing on four forms of enhancement: cognitive, physical, mood and moral. These forms are supported by the list of specific technologies and techniques used for HE. The book identifies the current trends in HE's development and analyses the challenges that HE poses to health policy and healthcare systems. It discusses the legal and financial aspects of HE, including regulation and shows that the financing of HE goes far beyond the scope of universal health coverage, thus opening the door for private, voluntary insurance and/or out-of-pocket payments. This, in turn, leads towards growing inequalities, which may threaten social cohesion. Readers will receive a structured picture of the latest advances in HE and trends in the field, as well as a list of the challenges and problems that HE generates.

The book offers a concise picture of HE for students and researchers across the political sciences, public health, public sector management, and sociology. It will also find an audience among healthcare managers, policymakers, and those who are interested in social change.

This Handbook provides an accessible resource for all social work students, educators, practitioners, and policymakers to increase their knowledge and understanding of how research into the diversity and impact of child and family social work interventions might underpin and drive policy and practice.

Divided into six sections

• The Context of Child and Family Social Work Research
• Preventive and Reparative Responses to Children and Families
• Child Maltreatment: Causes, Consequences, and Responses
• Alternate Care as an Approach to Safeguarding Children and Young People
• Intervention: Therapeutic Responses to Vulnerable Children, Youth, and Families
• Child and Family Social Work in the Global Context

and comprising 52 newly written chapters by experts in the field, it provides a foundational overview of the field of child and family social work, including defining concepts, sentinel historical milestones, and the scope of practice. It also identifies developments in auxiliary fields such as neuroscience, psychology, education, health, poverty, and media

By illustrating diverse research endeavours in parenting, maltreatment, prevention, child protection, and substitutive interventions including foster care, residential care, adoption, and juvenile corrections and elaborating child welfare research methods, measures, and impacts on practice, it analyses evidence-based interventions and policies in early intervention, child protection, child placement, adoption, and advocacy.

It will be required reading for anyone working in social work and child protection.

Providing in-depth insight into different types of knowledge and skills partnerships in youth justice, this book illustrates the importance of collaborative working between academics and professionals, drawing on empirical research and practice examples to present expert analysis of knowledge/evidence production and utilisation in youth justice.

Original and cutting edge, the focus of this edited collection is on different forms of knowledge exchange (transfer) between professionals and academics in the youth justice context. Authored by experts in the field, each chapter presents a series of case studies showcasing the application of theory/evidence to practice, and shedding light on the challenges professionals experience when seeking to understand complex theory and 'make sense' of the vast array of empirical data.

Knowledge and Skills Partnerships in Youth Justice will appeal to students researching youth justice and criminal justice systems. The book will also be useful for practitioners of youth justice, as well as policymakers.

The Poor Laws in the United Kingdom left a built and material legacy of over two centuries of legislative provision for the poor and infirm. Workhouses represent the first centralized, state-organized system for welfare, though they maintain a notorious historical reputation. Workhouses were intended to be specialized institutions, with dedicated subdivisions for the management of different categories of inmate. Examining the workhouse provision from an archaeological perspective, the authors demonstrate the heterogeneity of the Poor Law system from a built heritage perspective. This volume forms a social archaeology of the lived experience of poverty and health in the nineteenth century.

The COVID-19 pandemic upended our social and economic lives. Lockdowns forced firms to implement health and safety protocols, employees to work from home, and businesses of all sorts to close. Even as lockdowns eased, the landscape of work, commerce, leisure, and education was irrevocably transformed. While in many ways life has returned to normal, many of the changes wrought by the pandemic are here to stay. This book presents research on these transformations, examining how the economy and society were impacted. Organizing different aspects of the pandemic into individual chapters, this book examines issues such as financing structures, liquidity, profitmaking, investment, financial security, and market valuation, among other topics. Reflecting deep research as well as an extensive review of the literature, each chapter provides not just theoretical and empirical insight but also a set of policy recommendations to insure against similar crises in the future. Encompassing a range of case studies, it outlines strategies for dealing with the manifold challenges of today's business environment. This book showcases the development of particular sectors over the course of the pandemic, and as such, serves as a valuable study, enabling a comprehensive analysis of topics ranging from economics to social dynamics. It provides a deep understanding of this unique period's wide-ranging challenges and transformations and underscores the central economic concern of the pandemic's effect on economic security, a topic discussed throughout several chapters. Furthermore, it includes a discussion on the broader scope of "polycrisis". This volume was designed to appeal to a wide range of readers interested in economics, management, regional studies, and related fields.

The Handbook of Health System Resilience presents cutting-edge research from an international range of experts on crisis decision-making throughout healthcare. Chapter authors analyse the value of using 'resilience' as a theoretical framework, before delving into the durability of health systems in a variety of global case studies, including economic crises across Europe, conflicts in the Middle East, pandemics across the globe, and the climate crisis. Ultimately, the Handbook emphasises the importance of dealing with poor decision-making and austerity, the need to protect vulnerable groups, and the significance of capacity-building to deal with future crises.

This dynamic Handbook is a vital resource for students and scholars of public policy, health, and economics. It will also prove invaluable to health system analysts, as well as those within governments who are responsible for public health and crisis decision-making.

Age and Dignity proposes a professional practice that not only avoids ageism, but also actively contributes to developing anti-ageist frameworks. Substantially building on key earlier work and the authors' in-depth experience in care, ageing and bereavement, it provides a detailed overview of the processes and sociology of ageing and how these are affected by cultural differences. Successfully blending theory and practice, chapters examine various physical, psychological and social problems encountered when working with older people that can serve as a barrier to dignity, as well as how care duties can be carried out to ensure the respect of the ageing individual when dealing with issues such as dementia and grief.

This practical yet scholarly book is an invigorating read for students and scholars of sociology, discrimination and gerontology. It will also appeal to anyone working with older people in any capacity, including health, social care and housing.