社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book focuses on two issues: the creation of benefits and opportunities for the poverty-stricken people and the trade-off between FCS and poverty alleviation. At the theoretical level, it explains the essential characteristics of PAFCS, analyses the impact mechanism of FCS projects in poverty alleviation, clarifies the stakeholders and their interests and demands, and delineates the dynamic mechanism of FCS projects and poverty alleviation. Based on this theoretical framework, the current situation and challenges for PAFCS in southwest China's ethnic areas are examined in depth. Project performance was quantitatively measured both for projects themselves and for community farmers. The research emphasises that FCS projects in poverty-stricken areas are not the same as PAFCS, highlights the combination of poverty alleviation theory and ecological compensation theory, and considers PAFCS as an intersection of poverty research and ecological compensation research. Additionally, theresearch suggested that FCS projects are not general poverty alleviation projects, highlights the need for full respect to be granted to the subjective will and value judgement of farmers, including poverty-stricken farmers, takes the lead in focusing on the win-win goal of combating climate change and reducing poverty, and makes a breakthrough in researching some key issues that need to be solved in the practice of PAFCS in the ethnic areas of Southwest China. This book is helpful for global scholars in the field of sustainable development, anti-poverty and forest carbon sequestration, government officials, and organisations in developing countries concerned with agricultural development, forestry economy, and sustainable development, as well as all the people around the world who want to find innovative solutions in the climate negotiations.

As she approached her fiftieth birthday, Debra Whitman, a globally recognized expert on aging, wanted to delve deeper into why so many Americans struggled to live well as they aged. And she began to wonder what was in store for her own second fifty. Suddenly, the questions she'd been studying for years became personal: How long will I live? Will I be healthy? Will I lose my memory? How long will I work? Will I have enough money? Where will I live? How will I die?

Americans are now living decades longer than previous generations. These added years offer exciting possibilities but also raise crucial questions. In her groundbreaking book, Whitman provides a roadmap for navigating, and celebrating, the second half of life. Drawing on compelling stories from her own family and people across the country, interviews with experts, and cutting-edge research, she shares insights on brain health, the contributions and concerns of an older workforce, caregiving, financing retirement, and more. Her findings are often surprising: Americans over fifty are a boon to-not a drain on-the economy. Dementia rates have actually been declining as more people achieve higher levels of education and adopt healthier lifestyles. And while we've long known that staying connected to others is critical to mental health, it turns out it is also linked to a stronger immune system, lower blood pressure, and a longer life.

Whitman presents practical steps we can take to help create a better second fifty for ourselves. But we can't do it alone. Whitman also calls for urgently needed changes that would make it easier for every American to enjoy a vital and meaningful second half of life.

Whether you are approaching fifty, into your later years, or caring for someone who is, you'll find a wealth of wisdom in these pages. Informed by Whitman's unmatched expertise and her deep passion, The Second Fifty is an indispensable guide for living well in the twenty-first century.

This book is about mental health in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a densely populated country in South Asia with a population of about 170 million. It has seen significant economic growth over the last decades, and it has recently improved from being a low-income country to a lower middle-income country. Currently, Bangladesh is facing a double burden of disease, i.e., both communicable and non-communicable. About 60% of the disease burden is incured by non-communicable diseases. Mental disorders are one of the top five burdens of non-communicable disease in the country. However, psychiatry is a neglected issue in Bangladesh. There are high stigma, services gaps, out-of-pocket expense, low mental health literacy, and extreme scarcity of budget. Academically, it has also been under-addressed and under-researched. Therefore, the editor aims to provide a comprehensive book on mental health in Bangladesh, based on existing evidence and expertise, focusing on academic aspects of community mental health service.

This book focuses on indigenous and Indian concepts of sexuality, exploring its psychology and its relationship with mental health. Through theoretical, review, exploratory and mixed approaches, the book delves into common fields of thought regarding indigenous sexuality which relate to psychology and mental health. In the first section of the book, 'Psychology of Sexuality & Indigenous Approaches', the book discusses various indigenous aspects of sexuality, such as Indian indigenous, Hindu, and Buddhist. The second section of the book, 'Indigenous Psychology of Sexuality and Mental Health', discusses indigenous aspects combined with sexuality and mental health.

As the world experiences a rapid increase in the aging population, it is essential to address the challenges and opportunities that arise as a result. This book explores the significant impact of aging on individual well-being, societal welfare systems, and the global economy.

By examining the multifaceted aspects of aging, demography and welfare, the book aims to provide a comprehensive and critical narrative to navigating these challenges and achieving better outcomes for both older individuals and society as a whole. The book has a critical approach running through it; despite this, there is a need to do something with the critical questions and focus on sustainable solutions to problems and issues an aging population poses to researchers, policy makers and older people themselves.

In essence, the primary purpose of this book is to shed light on the complexities surrounding aging, demography and its intersection with welfare systems. By delving into various perspectives, such as social, economic, and healthcare considerations, this book highlights the holistic understanding needed to address the challenges associated with an aging population effectively.

In a world increasingly characterized by rapid change and constant challenges, maintaining good physical and mental health is more important than ever. "Essentials in Health & Mental Health" is a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted landscape of health and well-being, delving into key aspects that affect individuals of all ages, backgrounds, and circumstances. Through the lens of 20 meticulously crafted chapters, this book takes you on a journey to understand the essential elements that contribute to our overall health, from the invisible struggles of loneliness and mental health problems to the impact of global events like the COVID-19 pandemic.

The book begins with an eye-opening chapter that sheds light on the pervasive nature of loneliness and its profound impact on the functioning of individuals. The authors delve into the various costs of loneliness and uncover the under-recognized association between loneliness and mental health problems. In a world interconnected like never before, these insights are essential for anyone seeking to understand the complexities of human well-being.

This book examines the development of Japan's human security diplomacy for global health in the pre- and post-COVID-19 world. In the light of global health politics and human security studies, it attempts to clarify Japan's financial and diplomatic contributions to the Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi), the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD), official development assistance (ODA) related to global health, the Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT Fund) to combat neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in preparation for future pandemics, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to enhance the global health system. Moreover, the role of Japanese Business Leaders's Coalition for Global Health in collaboration with the Bill & Melida Gates Foundation in the field of innovative technology, such as an application of artificial intelligence (AI) for global health will be scrutinized. In addition, this research investigates implications of Japan's Global Health Strategy for Japan's global health diplomacy at the event of the G7/G8 summits, especially the 2023 G7 Hiroshima Summit. Finally, this book identifies multiple global health actors that constitute the emerging and changing global health architecture in the post-COVID-19 world.

This open access book offers a groundbreaking examination of the profound and lasting impacts of COVID-19 on U.S.-China relations. It covers areas such as public health, trade and supply chain challenges, people-to-people connections, shifts in public opinion, rising nationalism, anti-Asian sentiments, and strategic assessments. Since the pandemic's outbreak in late 2019, China and the United States have both suffered catastrophically. So too has the U.S.-China relationship, which was already at a historic low point before COVID-19 accelerated its deterioration. With contributions by leading and emerging scholars from both nations, the volume reflects a collaborative effort, emphasizing the importance of bilateral dialogue. As the world steps into the post-COVID era, this work offers timely insights into the potential pathways for rebuilding and redefining U.S.-China relations.

Dogs have long been recognised as valuable companions for people with disabilities. In this book, readers will learn about how dogs can improve the quality of life for people with physical, sensory, and mental disabilities. Using participant and expert insights, this book explores the benefits of dogs, including how they can increase independence, improve emotional wellbeing, and enhance social connections. Whether you are a person with a disability, a caregiver, a healthcare professional, or simply interested in learning more about the remarkable ways in which dogs can support people with disabilities, this book offers a compelling and informative read

This is an open access book.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the experiences and challenges faced by autistics who also have co-occurring psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and gender dysphoria. The topic of autistics with co-occurring psychological conditions is currently of particular importance to the field of autism research because research has shown that a significant proportion of autistics also have co-occurring psychological conditions. However, these co-occurring conditions are often overlooked or misdiagnosed, which can lead to inappropriate or ineffective treatment. This book fills a critical gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive resource that addresses the specific needs of this population. This book aims to increase understanding and awareness of these co-occurring conditions among autistics, their families, caregivers, and mental health professionals.

This book provides an insider's overview of the emerging Chinese biopharma sector, its dynamics and trends, first bust and boom cycle, long-term perspectives, and how as a foreign company or investor to tap into this. China has gone from a country with no innovation in drug discovery, to a country which starts to out-license its biopharma technology to the rest of the world. The Chinese biopharma sector is only a decade old, but it already has become a new driver of growth and value. The book takes a closer look at what drives Chinese innovation in the biopharma sector, how to deal with this innovation, and what opportunities and challenges this provides for foreign companies. The book also takes a deep dive into its first biopharma boom and bust cycle, and what it means for the sector. It also explains what deals Chinese biopharma companies and investors are looking for, what works and what doesn't, and how as a foreign company can tap into the world's second largest healthcare market.

What role should the tobacco industry have in the e-cigarette market? Should manufacturers contribute to the production of evidence on their products' safety and efficacy? What are the environmental impacts of e-cigarette use and how should these feature in the discussion? How do e-cigarettes influence smoking-related health disparities? Should physicians recommend switching to e-cigarettes for those who smoke? How broadly applicable is the utility of e-cigarettes? And how should the discourse respond to emerging data? This volume examines the opportunities and challenges of optimizing e-cigarette regulation. The authors describe emerging evidence suggesting that restrictions on e-cigarettes can backfire by nudging consumers toward riskier alternatives. Adopting a social welfare-based approach drawing on economics, policy analysis and regulatory science, the authors then explore how optimal e-cigarette policy might balance risks and benefits, suggesting that it is possibleto leverage the promise of e-cigarettes-a product that is more popular than traditional cessation aids-to protect current and future generations from the smoking-related harms, while still taking important steps to discourage use by young people and those who do not smoke.

This book is an essential resource meticulously designed for social work field placements. It offers students a structured pathway through the intricacies of real-world social work, equipping them with invaluable guidance, knowledge, and practical tools for success. Beginning with foundational concepts such as the meanings and scope of social work, the text progresses seamlessly into specialized topics like data collection, supervision, and challenges in fieldwork practices.

Addressing critical aspects of social work field practice, the book delves into the significance of fieldwork, setting clear objectives, ethical considerations, and the roles and responsibilities of social workers. It navigates through diverse assignments and duties, emphasizing ethical dimensions, adaptability, client-centered approaches, and the integration of technology. Chapters on culturally responsive practices and professional skill development underscore essential competencies for effective interventions.

With a global perspective, the book integrates examples and case studies from various countries, providing a comprehensive understanding of social work in diverse contexts. Additionally, it includes discussions on agency-level field practice, collaborative goal setting, evidence-based practices, and technology integration, reflecting the evolving landscape of social work and preparing students for contemporary challenges. Emphasis on reflective practice, learning, and report writing enhances students' skills for the transition from field placement to professional practice.

The first volume of this three-volume resource presents a historical analysis of the practice of smoking, the rise and fall of the cigarette market, and the successes and failures of tobacco control. While taxes, regulations, and various behavioral and pharmacological interventions have helped many people to quit smoking, they have not helped everyone. The authors explain why these strategies alone are likely insufficient to elicit smoking cessation among the remaining group, and why "ramping up" these strategies may also backfire.

Drawing on examples from the U.S., Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, this volume introduces the technology of e-cigarettes, explaining the origins of the innovation, patterns of use among consumers, and the perception of e-cigarettes among key stakeholder groups.

This book draws together writers from various backgrounds to discuss issues that affect those working in rural social work settings, on themes ranging from current issues that are common to rural localities (including those arising from the Covid-19 pandemic) to future challenges. Common themes that run through all the chapters and hold them together include community and place, stigma and alienation, inequality and social justice, and the environment. Several of the chapters include a strong user voice and challenge cis-heteronormative and other stereotypes of rural life by celebrating diversity in these communities.

The book will therefore be invaluable to rural practitioners, students studying to work in rural settings and their educators, as well as rural sociologists and policy makers.

For millions, e-cigarettes provide a means to relieve nicotine cravings while avoiding harmful cigarette smoke. In the second volume in this three-volume resource, the authors provide a critical review of evidence concerning the health effects of vaping and whether using e-cigarettes helps or hinders cessation from smoking. The empirical evidence, however, does not help decision-makers resolve the normative questions relating to e-cigarettes. Different priorities, values, and interpretations of available data have led to seemingly intractable disagreements between stakeholders about the promise of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and the risks they pose to public health. The misinformation and motivated bias surrounding issues regarding vaping both follow from but also enhance polarization, perpetuating confusion about e-cigarettes and leading to poor decision-making by government agencies and people who smoke. The authors argue that, ultimately, the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation are not immutable properties of the product class-itself diverse and dynamic-but are also contingent upon the conditions of the regulatory environment, and the manner in which e-cigarettes are discussed by regulators and the media. This volume provides important context to help decision makers at all levels better understand the risk and benefits of e-cigarettes and the tradeoffs between them.

This book is a comprehensive exploration of endogenous community building, aiming to investigate how to create a vibrant, service-integrated, and sustainable community through collective impact approaches. It's a guide to social innovation that combines theory and practical application. In terms of theory, it constructs concepts such as endogenous community, endogenous design system, life project platform and enabling ecosystem. In practice, it offers design methods and a toolkit for collective impact to enhance community resilience and capacity through service co-creation. This book provides readers with a systematic guide to endogenous community design, ranging from conceptual understanding and theoretical models to practical methodologies. Its aim is to build a sociotechnical system from the bottom-up to address complex issues.

This book is ideal for community leaders, government officials, NGOs, urban planners, social innovators, and anyone passionate about sustainable community development.

The main objective of this book is to add, from a humanist perspective, new interdisciplinary insights and research results to the current academic debate on aging. The collection aims to enhance and complement the predominantly biomedical and sociological debates and provide a more comprehensive and highly topical view on aging and old age. By purveying a meaning-in-life perspective to the current debate we want to enrich and to deepen the research on aging, thus aspiring to an ideal of meaningful aging. The starting point of this book is a humanistic meaning frame for addressing basic needs of a meaningful existence, such as having goals in life, a sense of self-worth, connectedness with others, moral justification, a certain degree of understanding (comprehensibility), direction and influence with a view to cohesion in life, and not in the least place: (living) pleasure or excitement. Taken together, the essays show that experiencing a meaningful life contributes to one's mentalresilience, conceived as the ability to realize a humane individuality (autonomy) in thinking and acting in situations of adversity and vulnerability, particularly those faced by older people.

Marking its 25th anniversary, this fascinating collection examines the pioneering work of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Setting standards for the delivery of healthcare, issuing guidance on public health, and assessing and making recommendations on health technologies, NICE has attracted widespread international attention, emulation, and comment. The authors in this collection, drawn from a broad range of disciplinary backgrounds, offer analysis of key issues which have informed NICE's work, from the principles of health economics, to patient engagement, to the legal basis on which NICE operates.

Covering many of the most important themes within contemporary debates on health policy and management today, this insightful collection will interest students and researchers, as well as policy makers in the field.

Recently, the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have revolutionized numerous industries, including healthcare. The convergence of AI and IoT has given birth to smart healthcare systems, transforming the way we deliver, receive, and experience healthcare services. This book explores the profound impact of these technologies on healthcare and presents a comprehensive overview of their applications, challenges, and prospects.

Smart Healthcare Systems: AI and IoT Perspectives addresses various aspects of how smart healthcare can be used to detect and analyze diseases, the underlying methodologies, and related security concerns. It also discusses healthcare as a multidisciplinary field that involves a range of sectors such as the financial system, social factors, health technologies, and organizational structures that affect individuals, families, institutions, organizations, and populations' healthcare. The book presents the goals of healthcare services which include patient safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. An outline of what smart healthcare consists of which is m-health, e-health, electronic resource management, smart and intelligent home services, and medical devices is included. Along with highlights on how AI and IoT-enabled healthcare technologies are suitable for remote health monitoring, including rehabilitation, and assisted ambient living. Rounding the offers of this book out is that it also covers how healthcare analytics can be applied to the data gathered from different areas to improve healthcare at a minimum expense.

Researchers, Academicians, Industry, R&D Organizations, medical professionals, PG students, and policymakers in the fields of artificial intelligence, the internet of things, healthcare informatics, biomedical engineering, medical informatics, and related subjects can use this book to assist them in making appropriate decisions regarding these emerging disciplines.

A ground-breaking volume that gathers the testimonies of NGO workers, street vendors, activists, scholars, health professionals, and creative writers to chronicle the devastating impact of COVID-19 on Romani communities globally.

The contributors reveal how the pandemic has exacerbated Romani disenfranchisement and document the resilience and creativity with which Romanies have responded to the crisis. Deploying innovative textual formats, and including poignant personal reflections, memoirs, scholarly analyses, and diary excerpts, the volume provides a roadmap for collaboration and dialogue at a time of global emergency.

This is the most significant chronicle of Romani stories about the COVID crisis ever assembled.

From the Introduction:
The contributions include memoirs, opinion essays, transcriptions of conversations or interviews, ethnographic analyses, and a compelling short story by Romani writer Iveta Kokyova, as well as pieces that stride the boundaries between one or more of these genres, or that fit into none.

Examining the interaction between families and professionals in the child welfare system of New York, this book focuses on how inequalities are reproduced, measured, managed, and contested. The book describes how state institutions and neoliberal governance police the groups which are most represented in the child welfare system, including low income, female-headed families living in racialized neighborhoods. The book also shows how these forms of policing produce unstable terrains, and give rise to contestation among families, communities, and professionals. It questions and re-thinks how state welfare and protection is administered.

This book uses archaeology and ethnohistory to explore the evidence for the survival of ancestral beliefs and practices related to health and healing in Indigenous Andean communities.

The authors argue that through determining the nature of the survival of beliefs around health and healing, important insights are gained into how people develop adaptive strategies for survival in a way that allows a continuity of identity and integrity. The book works through various stages of research to arrive at its conclusions. Firstly, through archaeology and ethnohistory, it establishes a 'baseline' of key ancestral (pre-European) Indigenous Andean beliefs related to health, illness and healing. It then proceeds to review the evidence for the survival of these ancestral beliefs and practices related to Indigenous pre-European Andean epistemologies and ontologies. Analysing the results of the first two sections, the final part reflects on the narratives around ancestral beliefs and practices and how they influence lived experience in the contemporary world. In essence, this book deals with the question 'How do people manage change?', a universal question relevant to humanity at any time, and stresses the need to recognise the significance of cultural diversity, intangible heritage and plurality.

This interdisciplinary study is for researchers in ethnohistory, anthropology, medical anthropology, archaeology, history, heritage and Indigenous studies.