社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

In When the City Stopped, Robert Snyder tells the story of COVID-19 in the words of ordinary New Yorkers, illuminating the fear and uncertainty of life in the early weeks and months, as well as the solidarity that sustained the city. New Yorkers were "alone together," separated by the protective measures of social distancing and the fundamental inequalities of life and work in New York City. Through their personal accounts, we see that while many worked from home, others knowingly exposed themselves to the dangers of the pandemic as they drove buses, ran subways, answered 911 calls, tended to the sick, and made and delivered meals.

Snyder builds bridges of knowledge and empathy between those who bore dangerous burdens and those who lived in relative safety. The story is told through the words of health care workers, grocery clerks, transit workers, and community activists who recount their experiences in poems, first-person narratives, and interviews. When the City Stopped preserves for future generations what it was like to be in New York when it was at the center of the pandemic.

Crucible of the Incurable concerns how people face life with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Anthony Stavrianakis spent a year in clinics and with people living with the illness in the United States. He examines the multiple meanings of care in a context of a chronic, degenerative, one-hundred percent fatal, neuromuscular illness, whose most common duration is between two and five years. How do people diagnosed with ALS continue to "live as well as possible, for as long as possible" in accordance with the normative work at the heart of outpatient ALS care? Crucible of the Incurable shows how those touched by the situation of a person living with ALS bear this problem and this task. Given the sense of certitude around the diagnosis, given past experiences of those aware of its usual progression, and given the uncertainty of the disease's cause and its progression for each specific person; how then do people orient themselves to the experience of life with this illness, how to support those who are confronted with it, and how to provide aid or solace.

Lessons from Eviction Court goes behind the disturbing statistics of evictions and homelessness to provide the first-hand experience of a lawyer who is in eviction court each week, standing alongside people who are losing their homes.

Fran Quigley provides a clear and emphatic prescription for how we can end evictions and homelessness in the United States, with the stories of struggling clients serving as the introduction for discussions of the reforms needed. Homelessness does not need to happen, nor do widespread evictions. They do not occur in other nations like in ours, and they did not used to not be the norm here in the US. Lessons from Eviction Court explains how we can end this national crisis.

With the rise of homelessness in many U.S. cities, municipal governments are sanctioning organized encampments as an official strategy for sheltering unhoused people. Examining the shortcomings and consequences of these municipal policies, The Injustice of Property explores how unhoused individuals living in self-managed encampments navigate and organize themselves within and against the confines of liberal property systems. Through ethnographic research in Portland, Oregon, a paradigmatic city in advancing this model of homeless shelter, Stephen Przybylinski details the everyday struggles of self-managed encampments to highlight how key contradictions inherent to liberal ideology maintain property as a means of structuring sociopolitical equality. He argues that justice cannot be realized for unhoused communities within the liberal model of private property due to how liberalism and liberal ideology prioritize the rights and values of property over the personal rights of self-governance.

The Injustice of Property is a conceptually robust and empirically rich account of the limits of liberal thinking regarding what "just" property relations look like for unhoused and housed people alike. The book shows that while encampment communities struggle to establish alternative property relationships to the traditional model of private ownership, the injustices that residents of encampments face provoke a necessary reevaluation of how beneficiaries of property systems influence who can become housing stable and on which terms. This insightful book reveals how the injustices surrounding Portland's encampment communities reflect the limits and injustice of liberal property more broadly.

This book explores the profound impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, framing it as a "critical moment" for digital journalism, examining how journalistic practices, content and audiences were shaped by the crisis.

Featuring a global range of original research projects, using an array of research methods, the volume shows that the pandemic has transformed digital journalism in both temporary and lasting ways. In terms of the practices of journalists, remote working shifted journalists away from on-the-ground reporting, increasing dependence on elite and state sources. Press freedom faced growing threats, particularly in authoritarian contexts. In terms of news content, data journalism gained increased salience as a source of journalistic authority, while sourcing patterns shifted as official sources and health experts came to predominate. For audiences, several studies published here demonstrated increased consumption of TV, social media, and online news. Audience responses to the crisis ranged from extensive news-seeking to news avoidance. Social media became a key news source, but also fostered "dark participation" on fringe platforms like 8kun and Gab, creating a parallel information ecosystem dominated by low-credibility actors.

This volume is essential reading for scholars and students in media and journalism studies seeking a comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic reshaped digital journalism.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Digital Journalism.

The Philippines is among the most successful migrant-sending nations in the world, both lauded and critiqued for exporting its own citizens to a global labor market. Yasmin Y. Ortiga brings readers beyond this popular image to explore questions often overlooked: What happens when workers who were encouraged to emigrate are suddenly unable to leave?

Stuck at Home examines how the Philippine state and its aspiring migrants negotiated the meaning of immobility amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In this pioneering book, Ortiga studies the narratives that emerged around two groups of Filipino workers: nurses banned from leaving the country and cruise workers who returned home after COVID-19 shut down the travel industry. Ortiga emphasizes the high stakes in telling the "right" story of immobility to a nation built around emigration-one that provides a compelling rationale for who deserves to move and who can be forced to stay.

A gripping account of political interests, frustrated dreams, and an unprecedented crisis, Stuck at Home reveals how migration governance is not only about regulating people's movement, but also defining the meaning and implications of remaining in place.

In Life at a Distance, Vincent Duclos recounts the story of the Pan-African e-Network. Branded as "India's gift to the world," and as a "shining example of South-South cooperation," the Pan-African e-Network was an exceptionally ambitious project. Between 2009 and 2017 the network used satellite technology to connect hospitals across Africa with hospitals in India, providing medical education and delivering health care for patients at a distance. Duclos shows how, by accelerating the flow of expertise across continents, the network also created connected enclaves, at once commercial, infrastructural, and medical. Life at a Distance is the story of a project that, Duclos suggests, acted as a medium for speculation about the future-about medical markets, the nation, South-South relations, and a new world order beyond Western-centric scripts.

Triage decision-making during a pandemic is linked to complex ethical, medical, and legal dilemmas, which in the past have been discussed mainly based on hypothetical scenarios. The crisis caused by Covid-19 has shown these dilemmas to be very real, and many countries faced significant health care challenges during the pandemic. The book presents different views on the problems of triage during the time of Covid-19 and to shed a light on how various countries approached triage during the pandemic.

The absence of staff and resources in many countries opened a discussion of whether they should strive for the most egalitarian way of deciding whom to help with limited resources or to act in a utilitarian manner and establish a triage system based on saving as many people as possible. There were so-called conflicts of duty in many parts of the world, and decision-makers who had to choose which patients would survive in the absence of resources were under tremendous pressure. This book presents different views on the issue of such decision-making from legal, ethical, and medical points of view. The authors explain the origin of the concept of triage and its use in modern medicine. They point out the distinction between triage and the allocation of resources while also analysing how pandemic triage differs from emergency and disaster triage.

Chapters examine the challenges of providing healthcare to people on the move, tackling issues ranging from registration and border control, to abortion access and mobility justice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert authors combine theoretical approaches with in-depth case studies from continents including Asia, Europe and South America, critically analysing modern healthcare systems within the context of heightened human mobility and climate change. In addition to highlighting major difficulties, the book explores spaces of resistance and opportunities for change.

This interdisciplinary book is a vital tool for students and scholars in medical and political anthropology, health and migration, sociology, and geography. The inclusion of practical experience and contributions from healthcare professionals also makes this an important read for medical students and educators interested in health access and provision.

One of The Wall Street Journal's 10 Best Books of the Year
Featured on the New York Times' The Daily podcast and CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS
What our failures during the pandemic cost us, and why we must do better

The Covid pandemic quickly led to the greatest mobilization of emergency powers in human history. By early April 2020, half the world's population-3.9 billion people-were living under quarantine. People were told not to leave their homes; businesses were shuttered, employees laid off, and schools closed for months or even years. The most devastating pandemic in a century and the policies adopted in response to it upended life as we knew it. In this eye-opening book, Stephen Macedo and Frances Lee examine our pandemic response and pose some provocative questions: Why did we ignore pre-Covid plans for managing a pandemic? Were the voices of reasonable dissent treated fairly? Did we adequately consider the costs and benefits of different policy options? And, aside from vaccines, did the policies adopted work as intended?

With In Covid's Wake, Macedo and Lee offer the first comprehensive-and candid-political assessment of how our institutions fared during the pandemic. They describe how, influenced by Wuhan's lockdown, governments departed from their existing pandemic plans. Hard choices were obscured by slogans like "follow the science." Benefits and harms were distributed unfairly. The policies adopted largely benefited the laptop class and left so-called essential workers unprotected; extended school closures hit the least-privileged families the hardest. Science became politicized and dissent was driven to the margins. In the next crisis, Macedo and Lee warn, we must not forget the deepest values of liberal democracy: tolerance and open-mindedness, respect for evidence and its limits, a willingness to entertain uncertainty, and a commitment to telling the whole truth.

This book is about the urgent need to have time for health. It's about why people don't exercise, rest or eat healthy food even when they know they need to. Time has become the prescription needed to halt chronic diseases, 30 minutes of physical activity every day is a minimum, but this book argues against telling people to do more. It explains why it's not laziness, ignorance or lack of motivation that's the problem for unhealthy lifestyles, and why so many people lack time for their health. The book connects ideas from economics, sociology, political economy and public health to work-family dilemmas, gender and social inequality. It ends by canvassing interventions and actions from the personal, to the workplace, health promotion and urban design.

Discover how entrepreneurship can dismantle the structural, social, cultural, and internalized stigma of disability in this compelling book. Journey through six countries and uncover inspiring stories of disabled people using diverse entrepreneurial strategies - micro-entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, activism, bricolage, compassion, and institutional entrepreneurship - to challenge and overcome stigma.

Meet Belen Dofitas, who aids people affected by leprosy in the Philippines through micro-enterprise opportunities. Explore the efforts of Ugandan bricoleurs creating small-scale activities to uplift their communities. Discover the impact of a Kenyan psychiatrist's peer-to-peer mental health interventions and the Global Minds Collective. Follow six UK women with invisible disabilities as they transform their experiences into powerful advocacy through a documentary. Learn about Neha Arora's all-disability travel agency, Planet Abled based in India, and her work to allow everyone to read the book that is life. Understand how neurosurgeon Neilank Jha's work on concussion treatment and brain-computer interfaces is improving lives.

These diverse narratives highlight different pathways to systemic change and disability destigmatization. The book concludes by showing how initial slow system changes can accelerate, leading to significant transformations and manifesting declarations that can ultimately change the system. Dive into these stories of entrepreneuring against disability stigma and see how disability entrepreneurship can foster a more inclusive world.

This professional book reports on the development, implementation, evaluation, and further improvement of an innovative training program for preceptors (tutors) and residents in a specific healthcare context. It draws on key literature in internationally recognized journals and books, uses important legal considerations from the local context, and applies well-established principles from longitudinal and mixed-methods research. It also provides a coherent review of the state-of-the-art of the literature on the matter, outcomes of a three-year project in which research was longitudinally integrated into two training programs-one for preceptors (tutors) and one for residents-as well as lessons learned from this project.

Practitioners and local healthcare providers can learn step-by-step how to work toward truly innovative training programs for their professionals and residents and how to develop a culture based on human professional values as well as continuous quality improvement. Simultaneously, researchers can learn how to integrate research into training programs in order to create better programs and establish a sustainable line of research that responds to social accountability questions of local healthcare providers. Finally, this book helps politicians to acquire an in-depth understanding of what it takes to innovate teaching and training in a healthcare system that has been under tremendous pressure and how funding in near future may be allocated in order to facilitate that innovation and its future.

While this book focuses on a local healthcare context, the training programs and empirical studies around it as presented in the book can be replicated in local healthcare settings anywhere else and can be used to facilitate future inter-institutional collaborations for both training and research.

This book advances knowledge about strategic communication with an aim to improve the practice of strategic communication in unprecedented times. It stimulates serious scholarly research on strategic communication and its management and execution during challenging times, such as the COVID-19 global pandemic.

The book is organized into three sections, with the first section presenting an overview of the main theoretical models of strategic communication from around the world when investigating its relationship in managing the global pandemic. The second section offers diverse perspectives on the role of strategic communication in challenging times, ranging from government communications, organizational leadership, leadership communication, to influencers on social networking platforms. The final section focuses on building frameworks that can be used to facilitate public health response plans through strategic communication before, during, and after pandemics and/or other acute risk issues or societal traumas.

By providing a range of strategic communication scholarship grounded in different academic disciplines and cultural and political contexts, this volume offers an international perspective for scholars and educators to understand the complexity of the topic itself. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Strategic Communication.

Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs refer to the UN stipulated road-map for development in 17 defined areas, by 2030. It was built on the previously established Millennium Development Goals (MDG). This first volume (SDG-1) deals with eradicating poverty with the help of modern ICT technologies needed to end poverty and create a better society. This much needed book, which is the first of its type to offer a specific focus on the relationship between technology and the SDG-1 goal, will be valuable for all working in the subject of global sustainable development. Global organisations and representatives of governments targeting no poverty share knowledge on these ICT practices to eradicate poverty in all means.

Highlighting innovative research and practice, academics and practitioners from the Global South and North examine key strategies for success in the future of health and the SDGs, focusing on holistic structural approaches. Bringing different voices and perspectives to the fore, they cover a wide range of dimensions to the challenge, including: inequality, power and participation; health systems; gender-based discrimination and violence; sexual and reproductive health and rights; food and the environment; urbanisation; and governance and accountability. Ultimately, the Companion embodies a vision for change, offering practical insights from the inclusive work of social enterprises, NGOs, cross-sector integrated approaches to health, and reform dynamics in global and national-level institutions and governance systems.

The Elgar Companion to Health and the Sustainable Development Goals is a crucial resource for students and academics in development studies, health policy and economics, social policy, sociology of development and sustainable development. It is also invaluable to practitioners and policymakers in NGOs, governments, private philanthropy and consultancy.

Chapters cover major threats to human health across the globe including water and sanitation, proficient maternal care, climate change and globalisation. Drawing on case studies from multiple continents, authors consider key avenues for innovation, emphasising the importance of combining scientific approaches with local and traditional knowledge and the need for greater investment in monitoring and data. The book challenges notions of the health system as independent from local, regional, and international contexts, and examines why and how we should be transitioning towards integrative medicine and sustainable development as a pillar of public and global health.

Researchers and students in sustainable development, environmental studies, medicine and public health will benefit from the novel perspectives offered in this multidisciplinary book. It is also an indispensable resource for medical professionals and NGOs looking to bolster development in global health.

This book investigates the interplay between disability and religion in Africa, and what this means in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.

The importance of meeting the needs of people with disabilities is highlighted specifically in several Sustainable Development Goals, as well as being emphasised as a cross-cutting issue across all the goals. Over 1 billion people are estimated to be living with disabilities, and 80% of this population live in the Global South, many within Africa. This book argues that within this context, religion must be considered, as people with disabilities often turn to religion for solace in confronting the daily struggles and pains that they face. Drawing on multiple disciplinary lenses, this book reflects on how traditional/indigenous, Abrahamic, and other African minority religions and philosophies interact with disability, and how this relates to the Sustainable Development Goals. The book demonstrates how religions in Africa conceptualise, imagine, or re-imagine disability in the context of key themes such as gender, ecological justice, health, poverty, education, employment, entrepreneurship, and migration.

Overall, the book invites researchers from across the social sciences to consider how African religious, theological, and philosophical ideas can help towards the inclusion of people with disabilities in the 2030 development agenda in Africa.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available by KU 2025 under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book provides an ethical analysis of the ethical issues that arise in the design, nature and use of AIs as they are currently used in the delivery and planning of healthcare by hands-on healthcare professionals, institutional administrators and social policy makers. It suggests that while these issues overlap, they have distinct aspects in the respective domains. Among other things, it distinguishing between AIs as expert systems as they are currently constituted and AIs as based in quantum computers or as constituted of bio-printed material, indicates how this is evolving and outlines the ethically relevant issues that would then arise.

Ageing is a timebomb. We celebrate our greater longevity, yet few of us consider its consequences. This book is an important warning that unless Europeans defuse its explosive force, within two decades our societies will be devastated by it.

The hard fact is that because our political economies have been built around shorter lifespans, they risk being blown apart by ageing. The pressures exerted by the over-60s, who are increasing from today's quarter of the population to a third, will upend our politics and impoverish our young.

Millennials and Gen-Zers are already saddled with their elders' runaway pension and healthcare costs, but are themselves poorer and less privileged. Merritt, a veteran analyst of the European scene, traces the demographic projections that politicians of all persuasions have long ignored, and shines a harsh light on policy shortcomings that must be urgently addressed.

For anyone wants a stake in our future, this book is essential reading which clarifies the political choices to be made if comparatively prosperous Europe isn't to die of old age.

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

Preventing Violence argues that we can move towards safer and better societies by advancing holistic public health approaches to violence prevention.

It explores the serious limitations of contemporary public health approaches and proposes an alternative path forward. Based on data from a three-year, ESRC-funded project 'Public Health, Youth and Violence Reduction', it also examines in-depth the work of 20 Violence Reduction Units in England and Wales.

The book makes clear recommendations for policy makers, practitioners and researchers working to prevent violence and improve the lives of children and young people.

This book explores the critical issue of how to manage the ever-increasing demand for social care in Britain's ageing society. With informal care from family members and friends now the dominant form of adult social care in the UK, this precarious system is struggling to provide enough support.

Exploring the relationship between formal and informal care, this book develops ideas for a 'caring economy', showing the potential to integrate paid-for and unpaid care within a framework of solidarity based on the strengths of the community, working to improve the quality and quantity of state-funded care provision while sharing unpaid support more widely as a community responsibility.

All too often, human systems are criticised for failing those they are meant to serve. One example is the growing awareness of the overlooked needs of adolescents facing harm in their communities. This has highlighted a need for new systems that enable practice that is ethical, effective and grounded in supportive relationships. But how can this be achieved?

Appealing to those interested in Contextual Safeguarding and beyond, this book shares 'real-life' lessons from research, covering:

* Practical guidance and tools for changing systems using embedded methods;

* Navigating complex relationships and emotions in organisational change; and

* Using theory and concepts to support change.

The book's lively and creative style makes it accessible for researchers, students, professionals and anyone committed to system change in children's social care.