社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This short book provides a European-wide survey of mental health and probation. Drawing on a significant study, it explores the knowledge and attitudes to mental illness based on a sample of probation staff from 27 countries. It sets out the significance of mental health for probation staff and includes examples of good working practice, a pragmatic review of the literature and recommendations for further actions agreed by the Council of Europe. It seeks to improve the knowledge of probation staff about mental illness and outlines a future agenda for practice, service organisation and research.

Welfare state governance is about tackling social issues, empowering citizens, and adding societal value. It is also about improving public health and quality of life, alleviating inequality, and reducing social polarization. Bringing together researchers from around the world, this volume examines how politics, policies and services contribute to the strengthening of societal value. It assesses the societal impact of policies and professional actions, the ways in which social inequalities and dependencies are traced, and how policies and professional services respond to new societal challenges. It also considers what arrangements enable policies and services to generate more value, and the ways in which politicians, policymakers, public executives, public managers, professionals and employees prepare for this. Comparative and interdisciplinary in nature, this volume will appeal to all those interested in public administration, political science and sociology.

This open access edited volume focuses on fairness issues concerning the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for social service provision in national welfare systems. With this, it touches upon important questions in the innovation agenda of countries across continents about the ethics, justice, quality, responsibility, accountability, and transparency to use AI for state functions. The volume shows that in many countries, AI, or at least data analytics methods, are already in place to support the assessment of beneficiaries for deciding on the value criteria to distinguish between legal /fraudulent, deserving/non-deserving, or needy/non-needy recipients. The book provides a cross-cultural comparison of AI-based social assessment among national welfare systems of 9 countries across 4 continents: Spain, Estonia, Germany, Iran, India, Nigeria, Ukraine, China and USA. Based on participatory research results from multi-stakeholder inputs, especially those from vulnerable groups, the chapters in this volume show that value criteria for fairness and social justice are context-bound and vary across the globe. Furthermore, they are in constant flux, aligned to social change. Thus, the volume looks at pathways to developing culture-sensitive, responsive and participatory AI for social assessment in public service provision. The contributions are interdisciplinary and introduce perspectives from the fields of sociology, computational social science, computer science and public policy. This topical volume is of interest to a wide readership.

This book introduces a quality of life index that compares the intra-urban particularities of 23 cities in the Argentine Republic. Integrating demographic size, functional specialization, and regional location, the chapters employ a standard set of variables to assess socioeconomic and environmental inequality and wellbeing.

A result of collaboration between 33 contributors from institutions around the country, the book provides a rich assessment of the mechanisms and processes by which the residential areas of Argentinian cities form, change, develop, and decline. Consistent measures of education, health, housing, and environmental wellbeing allow for deep examinations of each area and meaningful comparisons between them.

The book also explores patterns that recur in multiple cases. Redevelopment and renewal processes in central and old areas of cities can lead to the creation or reenergization of modern, high-density neighborhoods that, benefitting from new construction and integrated commercial and service areas, exhibit high quality of life indices. Urban expansion stands out as a process that often results in or reinforces socio-spatial segregation: New, exclusive, low-density residential neighborhoods with single-family homes and green areas tend to have a high level of quality of life, thanks to good education, health services, housing, and natural amenities. In contrast, low-income neighborhoods with precarious housing, limited access to health and education services, and unfavorable environments exhibit lower quality of life measures. Increasingly common gated communities-with private security, exclusive services, and (internally) shared recreational spaces-reinforce this pattern of segregation.

Analyzing the quality of life in different Argentinian cities is important to understanding the living conditions of the inhabitants, identifying areas for improvement, and supporting the development of inclusive and sustainable policies. These measurements can facilitate more just and prosperous environments for all citizens.

Considers the issues that impact healthcare for LGBTQ+ Americans today and the negative influences that disproportionately affect the well-being of these communities, and presents a path forward to making needed improvements.

The health of LGBTQ+ Americans is affected by many historical achievements and failures, societal influences, economic disparities, cultural shifts, and political divisions that can greatly impact the world of medicine, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic. Each chapter examines these issues to identify the systemic factors and enduring consequences impacting these communities. First-hand accounts from LGBTQ+ individuals impacted by healthcare challenges are included between chapters through "In their Words" perspective essays. An extensive chronology of relevant people, events, and legislation places this topic in historical context and outlines the evolution of healthcare challenges as they relate to sexuality and gender identity.

Intended to be an encompassing reference for high school students, college students, and general readers alike, this overview not only explores the historical and contemporary complexities of this topic, but also proposes solutions for improvement and pathways to advocacy.

Periods are a fact of life for roughly half the population, yet discussions of the menstrual cycle are often shrouded in confusion and embarrassment.

Part of the Q&A Health Guides series, this book offers a broad introduction to the menstrual cycle-what it is; why it exists and how it changes over time; what's normal; when you may want to see a doctor; and which products, medications, and activities can make "that time of the month" a more pleasant experience. Periods: Your Questions Answered addresses more than 30 menstruation-related topics in a way that is engaging and accessible to young readers. Biology and physiology are explained in easy-to-understand language and blended seamlessly with scientifically backed recommendations readers can use in their own lives.

Augmenting the main text, a collection of 5 case studies illustrate key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. The common misconceptions section at the beginning of the volume dispels 5 long-standing myths about the menstrual cycle, directing readers to additional information in the text. The glossary defines terms that may be unfamiliar to readers, while the directory of resources curates a list of the most useful books, websites, and other materials. Finally, whether they're looking for more information about this subject or any other health-related topic, readers can turn to the Guide to Health Literacy section for practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the Internet.

This book analyses the changes of welfare states, examining their sustainability enabled by innovative adaptations. On the basis of evolutionary social sciences, the authors understand the welfare states as complex adaptive systems, in which the actors' perceptions, strategies and behaviours change in adaptive manners, which results in institutional changes. From this perspective, the dynamics of Nordic welfare states, mainly Finland as the Nordic welfare state under the greatest pressure to adapt, is analysed from the multiple perspectives of history, politics, economics and social policy. Through these analyses, the authors show that the long-term changes in welfare states can be creative evolutionary processes in which the experiences, cognitive frameworks, resources and capacities of different actors allow for diverse responses and, as a result of interaction, diverse outcomes. The book also illustrates the historical processes of welfare states' formation that have created the human and social resources and capabilities that enable innovative responses today.

This is an engaging collection of 20 primary sources that provide insights into different approaches to social welfare from around Europe in the long 20th century, focusing particularly on marginalized groups.

Each chapter sheds light on a case of collective welfare action, and includes translated archival documents, alongside commentary that contextualises each case, and examines its socio-political underpinnings. This volume explores sources from 12 European countries, capturing historical approaches to collective action, and encompassing a plethora of welfare issues - such as religious and secular philanthropy, youth protection, gender history, and campaigns for prison reform. The result is a detailed study of the social welfare state in Europe.

With every source accompanied by an analysis of the ideas, ambitions, and practices of the actors themselves, in addition to an exploration of the larger regional context that influenced each pattern of collective mobilization, the editors highlight the distinction between the social and the political that underlies many forms of action undertaken in the field. Using the idea of 'unpolitical politics' as a new lens through which to explore the development of social welfare in a number of European contexts, this volume analyses who and what purports to be 'neutral', and why.

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

Preventing Violence argues that we can move towards safer and better societies by advancing holistic public health approaches to violence prevention.

It explores the serious limitations of contemporary public health approaches and proposes an alternative path forward. Based on data from a three-year, ESRC-funded project 'Public Health, Youth and Violence Reduction', it also examines in-depth the work of 20 Violence Reduction Units in England and Wales.

The book makes clear recommendations for policy makers, practitioners and researchers working to prevent violence and improve the lives of children and young people.

This book explores the critical issue of how to manage the ever-increasing demand for social care in Britain's ageing society. With informal care from family members and friends now the dominant form of adult social care in the UK, this precarious system is struggling to provide enough support.

Exploring the relationship between formal and informal care, this book develops ideas for a 'caring economy', showing the potential to integrate paid-for and unpaid care within a framework of solidarity based on the strengths of the community, working to improve the quality and quantity of state-funded care provision while sharing unpaid support more widely as a community responsibility.

All too often, human systems are criticised for failing those they are meant to serve. One example is the growing awareness of the overlooked needs of adolescents facing harm in their communities. This has highlighted a need for new systems that enable practice that is ethical, effective and grounded in supportive relationships. But how can this be achieved?

Appealing to those interested in Contextual Safeguarding and beyond, this book shares 'real-life' lessons from research, covering:

* Practical guidance and tools for changing systems using embedded methods;

* Navigating complex relationships and emotions in organisational change; and

* Using theory and concepts to support change.

The book's lively and creative style makes it accessible for researchers, students, professionals and anyone committed to system change in children's social care.

This book systematically explores the lives and varied experiences of older people in South Africa. Though a relatively youthful country, the share of the population aged sixty and above in South Africa is increasing steadily and is projected to reach 10% of the population by 2025. Population ageing is having major and far-reaching implications for a country with widespread poverty, changing household structures, a heavy burden of communicable diseases, and inadequate health infrastructure. Pandemics, such as HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, exacerbate many of the challenges faced by older people. Drawing on original research from national surveys and case studies, this book explores the various experiences and challenges of older people in their daily lives, such as their healthcare, social and family lives, their socio-economic status, mental health, and what it means to be an older person in South Africa today.

The book delves into the intricate interplay between health resilience and governance in the context of India, providing a thorough examination of critical domestic and international issues. It examines the multifaceted challenges faced by India concerning the health of its populace, the impacts of nonconventional security concerns, and the effectiveness of governance mechanisms in addressing these issues. With a multidimensional lens, it analyses the convoluted connections between health outcomes and multiple factors, shedding light on the complex web of health risks. Moreover, it critically evaluates the existing governance frameworks in India, assessing their strengths and weaknesses in dealing with the complex domestic and international challenges posed by the intersection of health and other emerging nontraditional security issues. It synthesizes extensive research and empirical data, presenting a nuanced understanding of the current scenario and exploring innovative solutions and policy recommendations. This book investigates valuable domestic and international perspectives and provides insights to diplomats, foreign and domestic policymakers, researchers, and practitioners by addressing research gaps and understanding within the realms of health resilience and governance in India. It serves as a foundational resource for comprehending the dynamics of these issues in the Indian context, offering a roadmap for creating resilient, sustainable, and equitable policies that can safeguard public health amidst the domestic and international challenges of an evolving governance structures in India.

The Platform of Those Affected by Mortgages (PAH) has left a crucial mark in the history of Spanish social movements by advocating for the over 700,000 families that have been evicted since its inception in 2009. This book explores how the PAH has blocked thousands of evictions through civil resistance, prevented many more through negotiations with banks, and rehoused thousands of evicted families in apartments recuperated from banks and vulture funds. Through the framework of the Politics of Care, Felipe G. Santos explores the emotional, identity, and participatory challenges that hindered the mobilization of those affected by mortgages. The book also reveals how empathy from a group of people unaffected by mortgage issues sparked mobilization, and how care relationships empowered those facing eviction to lead the fight for housing rights.

Research shows that when accessing and retaining work, and when seeking promotion, disabled people often face discrimination and disadvantage that can be unlawful. Obtaining a remedy is no easy matter as, although access to justice and a fair public hearing are key human rights, disabled claimants often face barriers in Employment Tribunals.

Using a unique and bespoke dataset, this book examines the factors that determine the outcome of these cases in British Employment Tribunals. These factors include the impact of case and claimant characteristics, the effect of public sector employment, what happens to disability discrimination claims when they contain claims for other types of discrimination such as race discrimination, and the distinctiveness of a claim for a failure to make a reasonable adjustment. The book concludes by proposing reforms to the legal system, government policy and wider social change, along with suggestions for future research. It will be of great interest to scholars and students of disability discrimination, as well as the broader fields of employment relations, EDI, HRM and labour studies.

This volume provides a multi-nuanced analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on various aspects of human existence, encompassing societal, economic, and inter-relational dimensions. It highlights a broad range of artistic and literary experiences that unfolded as a consequence of the pandemic or speak to that time.

The book revisits pandemic-induced shifts, phenomenologically, including the digitization of art and representations of creativity, "performance" anxiety, socio-political climate determined by "racial algorithms," gaming surges, employment insecurities, mental health issues from a pedagogical materiality, and the nature of apocalypse through literary reimaginations. It also delves into the global food crisis, reframing of family structures, and local subjectivities as lived experiences.

A unique contribution, the book will be useful for students and researchers of cultural studies, digital humanities, mass media, sociology, mental health, psychology, medical anthropology, public health, literature, history of pandemics and epidemics, and South Asian studies.

Physician Wellness and Resilience: Narrative Prompts to Address Burnout explores 26 compelling narratives from practicing doctors and medical students as they share their personal and professional encounters in their own words.

This volume seeks to expand the conversations around burnout and mental health in the medical profession and advocates for a deeper appreciation of physicians as human beings, complete with a range of emotions and fallibilities. Its diverse array of professionals spans various medical specialties and career stages and covers a range of experiences, including dealing with sexism, committing medical errors, handling challenging colleagues, and the fear and commitment involved in treating patients with COVID-19. Chapters include discussion prompts to encourage creative problem-solving among readers and nurture a caring and supportive work environment for physicians seeking assistance.

Designed for use in medical school seminars and physician wellness seminars, this book is essential reading for physicians, junior doctors, medical students, and mental health professionals who work within these populations.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license

South Asian Disability and Deaf Theatres investigates translocal intimacies in relation to twenty-first-century transnational South Asian disability theatres in order to lay out new possibilities for accessible theatres.

The book provides a theoretical and methodological framework for thinking through the relationships between disability, translocal intimacies, and visceral ethnography. It presents new and innovative approaches to rethinking bodily, cultural, spatial, and performance practices in relation to disability and disability rights that cut across national, sociocultural, and artistic boundaries. The author presents a consideration of some of India's specific theatre examples such as Mahesh Dattani's Tara; Manjula Padmanabhan's Harvest; Shyambazar Blind Opera House's Brihannala; Jana Sanskriti's The Wasteland: A Journey; and First Drop Change Foundation's Playback Theatre. Through analyses of specific performances and theatre groups and theoretical explorations of visceral ethnography, disability theatres' decolonising initiatives, and disability as method, this book furthers the project of creating the conditions for a radically accessible and open-door theatre for both the present and the future.

The first book to cover theatre and Disability Studies in India, it shows that disability literature and theatres assist in delineating ways of reworking the politics of intimacy and belonging within and across differences. The book makes an important contribution to the broad field of theatre, performance and Disability Studies as well as Feminist Studies and South Asian Studies.

Care and Disability is an edited collection offering critical perspectives on representations of care and disability, by emerging and established scholars across multiple periods, regions, and genres of literary studies.

The authors demonstrate the range of fields in which care ethics can elucidate alternative cultural and social dynamics, including Indigenous, African American, and Asian texts, and historical eras that predate the modern medical profession. This collection is committed to drawing out the changing racial, gendered, classed, and sexual elements of care, emphasizing how care communities develop as alternatives to the heteronormative couple and the nuclear family. Drawing from the care ethics and disability theory, the work in this volume demonstrates the possibilities inherent in this new cutting-edge field.

It will be of interest to all scholars and students of disability studies, care ethics, sociology, narrative medicine, Romanticism, eighteenth-century studies, transatlantic nineteenth-century studies, film, and contemporary race studies.

This accessible guide provides a detailed and practical understanding of how to support Children Looked After (CLA), exploring concepts surrounding identity and the key role professionals can play by becoming advocates for these children. With a mixture of theory, reflection and application to practice, Advocating for Children Looked After considers contemporary topics, from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), labelling and stigma, to the relationships surrounding Children Looked After.

Embedded within the chapters are positive everyday practices, case studies and dialogues, all of which help to create a safe space for children to develop their own sense of self. Throughout the book, outdated views are challenged and replaced with the voices of children and young people themselves, and strategies and opportunities are provided for the reader to truly understand the perspectives of Children Looked After and to develop their practice to best support their needs and well-being. Care is taken to refer to Children Looked After, rather than Looked After Children, placing the child at the forefront and before their care status.

Informative and reflective, this book offers both students and professionals a diverse insight into what makes a Child Looked After unique, with the aim of breaking the cycle in regard to their development and outcomes. It will be key reading for all professionals including those within education and social work, as well as those on undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional childhood courses.

This book focuses on the role and content of the principle of the welfare interests of the child, considers the extent to which the principle has changed following its varied elevation by the introduction of paramountcy and reviews the distinction between welfare interests and rights.

Providing an updated record of developments in the framework of relevant international law, the book assesses the contemporary relevance of established and emerging themes in the flow of cases dealing with the welfare interests and rights of children in England, Wales, Ireland, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, France and Germany. By identifying and analysing the functions of the principle in hybrid proceedings (including adoption from state care and commercial surrogacy) the book completes the analysis of the law relating to children in public (care and protection) and in private (divorce, custody, etc.) family law as a whole, revealing characteristic jurisdictional differences and facilitating a comparative assessment of their significance. By examining the international framework of legislation and related caselaw it identifies and assesses unfolding themes in the law relating to children.

In addition to a digest of international cases and legislation that identifies and tracks the role of this principle in civil and criminal law, lawyers, academics and other researchers will find a wealth of information on how it has evolved to reflect corresponding changes in society.

In Psychoanalysis with Adolescents and Children: Learning to Surf, Mary T. Brady expertly guides the reader through the challenging and vital process of working with young analysands.

Brady likens the experience to 'learning to surf.' While finding Bion's metaphor that the analyst must be able to 'think under fire' useful, she suggests 'learning to surf' is more apt in psychoanalysis with adolescents and children. Drawing on this metaphor throughout the volume, she describes how the adolescent can be potentially upended, injured or even killed by emotional waves too tumultuous to manage. Surfing also evokes the often uneasy but sometimes thrilling balances of adolescence. Using clinical vignettes from her extensive experience in the field, Brady explores how to work with young people experiencing issues such as eating disorders, gender challenges, parental substance abuse and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on Bionian Field Theory, as well as the work of Donald Winnicott, she explores how analysts can surf with the adolescent or child in navigating the ebb and flow of psychic life and development.

This book is essential reading for psychoanalysts and psychotherapists, including psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists and counselors, who treat children and adolescents.

This accessible text presents a comparative analysis of health and social care policy and practice from around the world, with learning points drawn out for the UK. It supports readers to improve practice by reflecting on differences and similarities in the policies of other OECD countries.

Divided into two parts, the book opens with a focus on core concepts in health and social care policy and practice such as service user involvement, the promotion of wellbeing, health inequalities, funding, and integrated care. The differing philosophical, socio-political, and historical perspectives that underpin these key areas in different countries are explored, in order to develop a greater understanding of the UK system. The second part of the book takes a close look at a range of specific contemporary issues, such as end-of-life care, long-term conditions, homelessness, refugee and migrant health, disability, domestic abuse, substance use, and women in prison. These in-depth case study chapters enable readers to identify best practices and challenges in relation to specific areas of health and social care policy and practice.

Ideal for undergraduate students studying health and social care policy from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, this practical text provides a deeper understanding of complex health and social care issues, and supports the development of a global and comparative skill set.

Risk Communication and COVID-19 explores the "risk communication" responses by national governments to the outbreak and global spread of the COVID-19 strain of coronavirus.

The book focuses on 17 country case studies, representing countries all around the world, covering a range of democratic and authoritarian systems, styles of leadership, and political contexts. The chapters analyze communication drawing on a modified risk communication framework to determine what patterns governmental risk communication followed in several areas: messenger attributes, consistency and clarity of communication, communication methods, message attributes, and public trust in government. The book also analyzes how these attributes changed and developed over time from 2020 to 2022. The analyzed period is divided into several parts representing different pandemic milestones, such as the first cases, the second wave of the pandemic, vaccination, and adaptation to the endemic logic of dealing with the COVID-19 virus. Importantly, the book draws out key lessons which can inform communication strategies during crises, particularly when the crisis necessitates public behavioral adjustments. The lessons are framed to further understanding of the challenges faced within the field of political risk communication during crises in the twenty-first century.

This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of politics, communication, and public relations, specifically on courses and modules relating to current affairs, risk communication, crisis communication, and strategic communication, as well as practitioners working in the field of health crisis communication.