社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book analyses trends and data relating to issues affecting social policy in mature welfare states in Europe, and uses these elements to further our understanding of, and ability to try to say something about, the future of social policy, its direction and content.

Looking at the financial crisis of 2008, the refugee crisis in Europe, COVID-19, the climate crisis, ageing populations and the rise of artificial intelligence, it shows how these may also have an impact on future social policy, including what kind of social policy might be needed because of changes in living conditions across the continent.

Written by one of Europe's more prominent social policy experts, this book, the first of its kind, will be required reading for all scholars and students of social policy, social welfare, public policy, sociology and social work.

This book explores the impact of population aging on energy use patterns in society from both a theoretical and an empirical angle, with a specific focus on Japan and Spain.

Many developed countries are currently experiencing both population aging and population decline, while the demand for social services, such as health care and public transportation, is expected to increase. This book expands upon these well-known socioeconomic challenges and explores the less well-known and more complex relationship between population aging, time allocation to social practices, and energy resource consumption. In the face of energy supply scarcity and climate change concerns, the impact of population aging on energy consumption is of paramount importance. By focusing on the effects of changing time allocation patterns on social practices, the book shows that the impact of population aging on energy consumption will affect not just only affect the residential sector but also other socio-economic sectors of society. Using data from Japan and Spain - currently among the fastest- aging countries in the world - the volume shows that the challenges of an aging society are far more complex and worrying than previously anticipated. If an aging society is an inevitable future, we need to prepare for the challenges that lie ahead.

Written by researchers in the fields of demography, economics, environmental engineering, geography, physics, and transportation engineering, this book will compel academics and policy makers to reflect on these problems and act.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND) 4.0 license.

This open access volume provides the first-ever comprehensive framework of indicators to measure progress in the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It analyses the development of thinking in the field of children's rights on the significance of monitoring, and compiles a set of structural, process and outcome (SPO) aspects of children's human rights-based indicators, for each article in the Convention. It draws on existing measures wherever possible, and involves wide-ranging consultation with experts in the field, along with 2000 children from 35 countries around the globe. This volume provides guidance on the implementation of children's rights which will be of value to, among others, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, governments, policy-makers, advocates, and academics. The potential to measure the actions of governments in meeting the obligations they signed up to in the Convention provides an important contribution towards accountability to children. The indicators and associated analysis can serve as both guidance on what needs to happen to ensure the realisation of children's rights and a benchmark against which to assess the impact of government action.

This is an open access book.

Presenting insights based on cutting-edge research, contributing authors examine how diverse disruptions, which often intersect, are lived and experienced by parents and children. They cover important issues including poverty, Covid-19, working life and climate change. Chapters include micro-level explorations, focusing on accounts of turbulence within single country contexts, as well as macro-level analysis, concentrating on cross-country differences where welfare states, work and everyday family life intersect. They investigate how institutional contexts and macro-level changes influence the micro-level within the household.

Families with Children in a Turbulent Era is an invaluable resource for students and researchers across a wide range of social sciences, including comparative social policy, education, social psychology, social work and family, gender and labour market studies. It is also a thought-provoking read for professionals and policymakers at the local, national and international level, as well as education and social policy administrators.

Expert authors analyse inequalities, inequities, and poverty experienced by children. They cover key topics including the voices of children living in poverty, the use of machine learning and big data in research, and the emotional, physical and social dimensions of poverty experienced by children. Recognising the extensive links between child poverty and inequality in practice, the Handbook identifies how to overcome the current disconnect between research on the two topics. Drawing on empirical evidence, it explores how to create and enhance national and international policies to address, reduce, and ultimately eliminate child poverty and inequalities.

The Handbook on Child Poverty and Inequality is an essential resource for students and scholars across a wide range of disciplines, including of development studies, the sociology of youth and childhood, and social policy in emerging countries. It is also a valuable read for policy-makers seeking to uphold and expand the rights of children.

African American women have disproportionally high prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates for most health conditions in comparison to White women. This book will explore some of the reasons for these disparities including problems within the health care system and societal institutions.

The disproportionally high number of COVID-19 deaths in the African American population, especially among African American women, have brought renewed attention to historical racial inequality and the role it plays in the daily lives of American women and black families in general. Recommendations incorporate practical implications of this research including identifying social and financial supports unique to older African American women and determining strategies to strengthen the health needs of African American families, which is also paramount to addressing economic, social and racial disparities of this population.

Drawing on data from a variety of sources, this book applies a systematic racism and intersectionality approach to how various social, demographic, economic, and health variables influence the outcomes and the overall health status of older African American women. As such, it will appeal to scholars in Sociology, Social Work, Nursing, Gerontology, Social Policy, Racial and Inequality Studies, African American Studies, Justice Studies, Culture, Ethnicity and Health Studies, and Public Health.

Through a systems perspective, this insightful book challenges the current state of healthcare in the United States, arguing for overarching reforms that would lead ultimately to universal healthcare coverage across the country.

Written by the president of the board of trustees of a rural hospital, the book highlights the chronic issues facing American healthcare today, namely high costs, poor health outcomes, excessive health inequalities, and a lack of trust. It uses systems thinking principles - used in hospitals themselves to improve efficiency, quality, and safety of care - to show how the fragmented system could be transformed by addressing these issues holistically. The book also gives suggestions for rebuilding trust, respect, and mutual cooperation, issues which are also critical in healing the current system.

Grounded in the author's direct experience in facing the challenges of dealing with a fragmented system in America today, this perceptive book will interest graduate students in healthcare administration, policy, or leadership programs, as well as scholars in these and related fields.

This book explores how the Covid-19 pandemic triggered profound changes in the practice and consumption of digital journalism.

Featuring original research from around the globe, the volume examines key challenges of covering the pandemic from Zimbabwe to China and the UK. The research shows that the pandemic amplified threats to press freedom. At the same time, it took an emotional toll on journalists, who worried about their exposure to Covid-19 and dealt with challenges associated with a growing reliance on digital tools, as well as difficulties accessing sources and hostile reactions from audiences.

Charting the consequences of an increasingly complex media ecosystem, the volume addresses the rise of distrust in mainstream media, the influence of "alternative" news outlets, and the surge of misinformation and conspiracy theories. The volume also examines the polarized reactions of audiences and the complex relationship between public trust, government actions, and journalistic organisations. Despite the challenges, there are signs of increased audience engagement with news, pointing to a potential positive shift in journalism's societal role.

This volume is essential reading for scholars and students in media and journalism studies seeking a comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic reshaped digital journalism.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Digital Journalism.

Around the globe, most families will invariably have to face the challenges associated with the disability of a family member. A child with a learning disorder, an adult who has suffered a spinal cord injury, or an elderly family member who has lost their eyesight or hearing - these are only a few of the many types of disabilities which both individuals and families face, every single day.

Disability and the Family provides a broad examination of disability and the family. Including diverse theoretical and methodological submissions which explore the many issues pertaining to how families deal with disability issues, the chapters cover a wide array of topics, such as: family relationships and intellectual disability, learning disabilities and parenting, aging and developmental disabilities, coping and family caregivers, disability and family engagement, disability across the family life course, work and family challenges among parents of children with disabilities, physical mobility and marital quality, disability and sexuality, financial stressors and family relationships, and racial and ethnic variations in family care, among others.

Acknowledging how disabilities can affect virtually all aspects of family life, creating emotional, social, financial, and even sexual challenges, this volume also emphasizes how families exhibit considerable resilience, even in seemingly overwhelming circumstances.

This professional book reports on the development, implementation, evaluation, and further improvement of an innovative training program for preceptors (tutors) and residents in a specific healthcare context. It draws on key literature in internationally recognized journals and books, uses important legal considerations from the local context, and applies well-established principles from longitudinal and mixed-methods research. It also provides a coherent review of the state-of-the-art of the literature on the matter, outcomes of a three-year project in which research was longitudinally integrated into two training programs-one for preceptors (tutors) and one for residents-as well as lessons learned from this project.

Practitioners and local healthcare providers can learn step-by-step how to work toward truly innovative training programs for their professionals and residents and how to develop a culture based on human professional values as well as continuous quality improvement. Simultaneously, researchers can learn how to integrate research into training programs in order to create better programs and establish a sustainable line of research that responds to social accountability questions of local healthcare providers. Finally, this book helps politicians to acquire an in-depth understanding of what it takes to innovate teaching and training in a healthcare system that has been under tremendous pressure and how funding in near future may be allocated in order to facilitate that innovation and its future.

While this book focuses on a local healthcare context, the training programs and empirical studies around it as presented in the book can be replicated in local healthcare settings anywhere else and can be used to facilitate future inter-institutional collaborations for both training and research.

This book evaluates the factors behind Mexico's painful experience with the Covid-19 crisis, a country that ranked fifth in the world for the number of deaths caused by the virus. Through a series of vignettes, its authors point to pandemic politics as the culprit. With a focus on the nexus of global governance and government in the Mexican case, they underline the politicized nature of domestic, international, and transnational responses to the pandemic. The chapters analyse the multiple political dimensions that affected the ability of intergovernmental and governmental authorities to construct timely, effective, and equitable health security against the COVID virus, including symbolic politics, medical populism, global political economy, disease diplomacy, epistemic communities, and federalism. This volume builds an interdisciplinary analysis of the politics of pandemic governance bridging political science, international relations, public policy and public administration, and public health.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book explores narratives of vaccine hesitancy using samples from the UK press, and looks at the ways these have changed between the 1950s and the present. The work draws on a variety of research instruments including semantic network analysis and analysis of metaphor to provide a rich description of anti-vaccine narratives in different historical periods.

The work considers the ways that concerns about and resistance to inoculation were informed by cultural and social pressures in two case studies, firstly that of polio in the 1950s and secondly the so called 'pertussis crisis' of the 1970s, wherein a period of social activism and newspaper campaigning led UK and US governments to offer compensation schemes for vaccine damaged children. The studies chosen provide a detailed comparison of the politics of childhood inoculation over two eras in the UK.
Chapters also cover the use of metaphor and representational analysis in health communication, comparing ways in which the work of Moscovici, Sontag and other theorists can be used to provide complementary insights, and the affordances and concerns around the use of 'big data' analyses in historical work. The work also features discussion of the implications of the findings for approaches to more recent vaccination crisis points. This book argues that anti-vaccination narratives, far from showing a stable and coherent set of concerns, are highly mutable. The work compares anti-vaccination and conspiracy theory narratives, drawing out areas of continuity and schism.

This book is about the urgent need to have time for health. It's about why people don't exercise, rest or eat healthy food even when they know they need to. Time has become the prescription needed to halt chronic diseases, 30 minutes of physical activity every day is a minimum, but this book argues against telling people to do more. It explains why it's not laziness, ignorance or lack of motivation that's the problem for unhealthy lifestyles, and why so many people lack time for their health. The book connects ideas from economics, sociology, political economy and public health to work-family dilemmas, gender and social inequality. It ends by canvassing interventions and actions from the personal, to the workplace, health promotion and urban design.

Chapters examine the challenges of providing healthcare to people on the move, tackling issues ranging from registration and border control, to abortion access and mobility justice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert authors combine theoretical approaches with in-depth case studies from continents including Asia, Europe and South America, critically analysing modern healthcare systems within the context of heightened human mobility and climate change. In addition to highlighting major difficulties, the book explores spaces of resistance and opportunities for change.

This interdisciplinary book is a vital tool for students and scholars in medical and political anthropology, health and migration, sociology, and geography. The inclusion of practical experience and contributions from healthcare professionals also makes this an important read for medical students and educators interested in health access and provision.

One of The Wall Street Journal's 10 Best Books of the Year
Featured on the New York Times' The Daily podcast and CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS
What our failures during the pandemic cost us, and why we must do better

The Covid pandemic quickly led to the greatest mobilization of emergency powers in human history. By early April 2020, half the world's population-3.9 billion people-were living under quarantine. People were told not to leave their homes; businesses were shuttered, employees laid off, and schools closed for months or even years. The most devastating pandemic in a century and the policies adopted in response to it upended life as we knew it. In this eye-opening book, Stephen Macedo and Frances Lee examine our pandemic response and pose some provocative questions: Why did we ignore pre-Covid plans for managing a pandemic? Were the voices of reasonable dissent treated fairly? Did we adequately consider the costs and benefits of different policy options? And, aside from vaccines, did the policies adopted work as intended?

With In Covid's Wake, Macedo and Lee offer the first comprehensive-and candid-political assessment of how our institutions fared during the pandemic. They describe how, influenced by Wuhan's lockdown, governments departed from their existing pandemic plans. Hard choices were obscured by slogans like "follow the science." Benefits and harms were distributed unfairly. The policies adopted largely benefited the laptop class and left so-called essential workers unprotected; extended school closures hit the least-privileged families the hardest. Science became politicized and dissent was driven to the margins. In the next crisis, Macedo and Lee warn, we must not forget the deepest values of liberal democracy: tolerance and open-mindedness, respect for evidence and its limits, a willingness to entertain uncertainty, and a commitment to telling the whole truth.

This book provides a thorough investigation of the potential and challenges of older individuals' digital disparities in the context of the digital era. A particular set of challenges prevent the ageing population from efficiently accessing and utilising digital resources as technology becomes more pervasive in contemporary culture. The multidimensional nature of digital disparities is clarified in this work. It explores how these discrepancies affect older people's quality of life, access to healthcare, social connections, and general well-being, taking India as a case study.

The book begins by thoroughly summarising demographic trends and changes in technology adoption caused by ageing. It looks at the variables that affect older individuals' propensity to use technology and the effects of their attitudes and perceptions about digital technologies around them. The author investigates the intricate web of access inequities older persons face in a quickly changing digital environment, from internet accessibility to the availability of appropriate digital content. The book also emphasises the need for digital literacy and skills to boost elders' technology involvement. It looks at their challenges when learning and using digital skills, especially in light of how quickly technology develops. The author also explores the effects of digital disparities on older people's physical and mental health, highlighting the demand for specialised therapies and support networks.

This open access book unveils the hidden elite of Italy's third sector, offering a rare glimpse into the lives and minds of civil society's most influential leaders. Bridging elite and civil society studies, it presents pioneering research on these powerful yet understudied figures. Through in-depth analysis, the chapters reveal surprising insights about the elite's composition, attitudes, career trajectories, and views on power. Essential reading for scholars of democracy, civil society, and social policy, this volume challenges conventional wisdom about leadership in the nonprofit world. By illuminating the dynamics of Italy's third sector elite, it reshapes our understanding of civil society's role in modern democracies.

This timely book on social work and antisemitism fills an important gap in social work education and in the profession. The ethics and framework of the social work profession demand that it confronts oppression and prejudice while working for a socially just society. However, education on antisemitism is seldom included in social work curriculum or in diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs. This text addresses this need for education and intervention, and includes a teaching guide for use in social work curriculum as well as social work practice.

Antisemitism, hatred and discrimination against Jewish people and Jewish institutions, is perhaps the oldest form of oppression. Throughout history, as with other oppressions, myths and stereotypes to substantiate antisemitism were developed. More recently, however, antisemitism has been increasing steadily across the globe. Combatting and dismantling it is critical for both Jewish people and institutions, the social work profession, and for society.

In the book, the authors discuss antisemitism's history, the role of the Holocaust, contemporary manifestations of antisemitism, and its impact on individuals and societies. Among the topics covered are:

• Introduction: Human Rights, Social Justice, and Social Work
• Palestine, Israel, and Zionism
• Contemporary Antisemitism
• Antisemitism and Mental Health
• Antisemitism: A Guide for Teaching and Social Work Practice

Social Work and Antisemitism: Issues and Interventions offers a foundation for combatting antisemitism and addresses the need for social work involvement. The book can be used as a primary or secondary text for courses that cover diversity, human rights, human development, ethnicity, oppression, and mental health in Bachelor- or Masters-level programs in schools of social work. In addition, the book can be used in other programs, such as DEI, or by other disciplines interested in learning about and educating about antisemitism.

This compact book relies on the story of two intertwined Jewish immigrant families to tell a multigenerational Jewish story about the interplay between public/social policy, cultural categories, and the lived experience of working class immigrant Jews from Eastern Europe, including trans-/intergenerational trauma. Importantly, it focuses on the impacts of pre-Holocaust public policy, a significant departure from the Holocaust and post-Holocaust focus of much of the published literature relating to Jewish intergenerational trauma. As such, it offers the possibility of better understanding the far-reaching and perhaps unforeseen impacts of public policy.

This book addresses events on both the micro and macro levels and is biographical, autobiographical, and historical in its scope. Sources for this work include archival materials, census records, maps, military records, birth and death certificates, congressional materials, newspaper articles, films, images, interviews with living family members, and secondary sources. Among the topics covered are:

• Russian, Soviet, and U.S. Eugenics: Family Internalization of Policy and Rhetoric
• The Intertwined Impact of Economics, Eugenic Policy, and Immigration Restrictions
• The Present Past: Policy, Identity, and Progeny

From Public Policy to Family Dynamics: A Case Study of the Impact of Public Policy on Two 20th Century Jewish Immigrant Families adds a human face to writings related to public/social policy. As the book integrates understandings from diverse fields of study, students of public policy, social work, psychology, history, Jewish studies, immigration studies, bioethics, and public health, as well as social workers, bioethicists, and historians, would be most interested in reading this unique work.

Discover how entrepreneurship can dismantle the structural, social, cultural, and internalized stigma of disability in this compelling book. Journey through six countries and uncover inspiring stories of disabled people using diverse entrepreneurial strategies - micro-entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, activism, bricolage, compassion, and institutional entrepreneurship - to challenge and overcome stigma.

Meet Belen Dofitas, who aids people affected by leprosy in the Philippines through micro-enterprise opportunities. Explore the efforts of Ugandan bricoleurs creating small-scale activities to uplift their communities. Discover the impact of a Kenyan psychiatrist's peer-to-peer mental health interventions and the Global Minds Collective. Follow six UK women with invisible disabilities as they transform their experiences into powerful advocacy through a documentary. Learn about Neha Arora's all-disability travel agency, Planet Abled based in India, and her work to allow everyone to read the book that is life. Understand how neurosurgeon Neilank Jha's work on concussion treatment and brain-computer interfaces is improving lives.

These diverse narratives highlight different pathways to systemic change and disability destigmatization. The book concludes by showing how initial slow system changes can accelerate, leading to significant transformations and manifesting declarations that can ultimately change the system. Dive into these stories of entrepreneuring against disability stigma and see how disability entrepreneurship can foster a more inclusive world.

Drawing on case studies from Australia, Europe, and North America, chapters analyze the changing responsibilities of social workers, exploring their involvement in policy practice, epistemic communities, and interprofessional collaboration. Contributing authors demonstrate how practitioners navigate the challenges of medicalization, juridification, managerialism and shifting expectations. They highlight the key potential of interdisciplinary approaches to overcome entrenched fragmentations in the human service sector. Ultimately, the book argues that while hybrid social work is often sought after in Western welfare systems, it involves considerable complexity for professionals.

Presenting insightful perspectives on the interaction between social work practice and broader welfare state developments, this book is an indispensable resource for students and scholars in social work, social policy, political science, and the sociology of professions and organizations. It will also benefit political advisors and policymakers across the social welfare sector.

Considering decreasing birth rates and increasing rates of life expectancy, the workforce is rapidly aging - resulting in a more age-diverse labor market. So far, research in IWO-psychology has not fully addressed age-related constructs and issues of new work with longitudinal methods representing changes over time more adequately. To enhance predictions for a rapidly aging workforce, this research focuses on the influence of the potentials of actively aging individuals on frequently cited attitudes and behaviors over the working life span. The results suggest that a more differentiated view of age is partially effective in reducing the probability of turnover intention among IT-employees over time, the age-entrepreneurship relation can be clarified by focusing on the inconsistencies of age and the dimensions of human capital partly contribute to engaging in postretirement work. The outcomes have implications regarding the temporality of aging, entrepreneurial generational identity, calling to work and residuals about postretirement work. Qualitative follow-up research addressing the reasons for turnover intention and work activities retirees experienced as calling seems promising.

In Fragile Kinships, Kathryn E. Goldfarb shows how child welfare systems do not always generate well-being. This is true across the world, as it is in Japan. Policymakers, caregivers, and people with experience in state care endeavor to imagine-and implement-child welfare systems that are genuinely supportive. Yet despite these efforts, social welfare systems too often produce people who are alone. By centering relationality in theorizing social forms of care, Fragile Kinships offers key insights into embodied and socioemotional well-being. Goldfarb analyzes both the feelings and effects of lacking kin, and the transformative energy people invest in creating new forms of kinship and relatedness.

Fragile Kinships demonstrates why welfare systems must support relational well-being. In her contributions to anthropological theories of kinship, embodiment, and the field of Japanese studies, Goldfarb also speaks to academics, practitioners, and policymakers in Japan and globally with ethnographically grounded perspectives suggesting ways that child welfare systems might truly achieve wellbeing.

This book advances knowledge about strategic communication with an aim to improve the practice of strategic communication in unprecedented times. It stimulates serious scholarly research on strategic communication and its management and execution during challenging times, such as the COVID-19 global pandemic.

The book is organized into three sections, with the first section presenting an overview of the main theoretical models of strategic communication from around the world when investigating its relationship in managing the global pandemic. The second section offers diverse perspectives on the role of strategic communication in challenging times, ranging from government communications, organizational leadership, leadership communication, to influencers on social networking platforms. The final section focuses on building frameworks that can be used to facilitate public health response plans through strategic communication before, during, and after pandemics and/or other acute risk issues or societal traumas.

By providing a range of strategic communication scholarship grounded in different academic disciplines and cultural and political contexts, this volume offers an international perspective for scholars and educators to understand the complexity of the topic itself. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Strategic Communication.