社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

In 1905, sanitary conditions in Pennsylvania were appalling. Thousands of children died of preventable and curable diseases, tens of thousands in the coal regions hacked themselves to death from black lung disease, and pollution in the commonwealth's water killed tens of thousands more. In the wake of an alarming typhoid outbreak in Butler, the Pennsylvania legislature formed a modern state department of health. At its head was Samuel G. Dixon, who would rise to fame as one of the most respected public health experts of his day.

While the legislation that created Pennsylvania's department of health cleared space for its aggressive action, it was Dixon's deft political touch and keen insight that enabled the department to avoid destruction at the hands of a people notoriously hostile to government encroachment. As commissioner, Dixon constructed the world's largest, most sophisticated system of tuberculosis controls, with thousands of beds in three great sanatoria. As his reputation grew, Dixon was recognized as one of the nation's greatest public health reformers and a champion of technology as the answer to great societal problems. At the same time, Dixon was a eugenicist who helped author a marriage law prohibiting unions between the diseased, those with intellectual disabilities or psychiatric disorders, alcoholics, and the "unfit."

This compelling history of Pennsylvania's first commissioner of public health provides a fascinating view into the changes wrought by germ theory and the public health efforts that stemmed from it during the Progressive Era in the United States.

This book is the first collection of scholarly works fully dedicated to exploring disability and impairment in early Chinese history.

Early Chinese understandings of disability are effectively revealed through investigations of a wide range of aspects, such as terminological, legal, political, and etiological. The volume explores how early Chinese disability was socially negotiated as a means for creating enabled and at times empowered identities. It shows how oppression and empowerment, when viewed through the prism of such negotiations of identity, were not mutually exclusive. Through such examinations, the volume demonstrates how an approach sensitive to both the separability and the interconnectedness of disability and impairment enables a more nuanced understanding of Chinese disability history specifically, and Chinese notions of embodiment more generally.

Bringing together international academics to examine a plethora of topics relating to disability and bodily impairment in early Chinese history, with an eye on their socio-political implications, this book will appeal to students and scholars of Chinese History, History of Medicine, and Disability Studies.

This book integrates the discipline of disability studies with the lived experiences of women with visible disabilities. It seeks to foreground the silenced voices of Korean and Korean American women with visible physical disabilities in South Korea and the United States. Drawing upon the work of scholars in disability studies, largely drawn from in disability studies in education and feminist disability studies, it challenges readers to (re)consider their own misconceptions and assumptions about disability and reconceptualize their understanding of diversity. A special distinction of this book is that the author, as a woman with visible disabilities, can connect to other women with visible disabilities in unique ways as they share similar experiences as well as their own unique stories through the process of in-depth interviews. Starting with a recollection of her own experience of living with a disability, it then moves to the lived experiences of four other women with disabilities. This unique way of storytelling conveys the important message that living with disability is not a one-time linear process from initial diagnosis to acceptance and overcoming, but a dynamic, evolving, and ongoing meaning-making journey. It will be of interest to all scholars and students of disability studies, Asian studies, women's studies, and sociology more broadly.

This first of its kind volume introduces Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DIDRR) in unprecedented critical and interdisciplinary ways covering the complex conceptual, theoretical and practice terrain.

Established and emerging scholars and practitioners introduce and probe key discourses, theory, policy and practice at the intersections of disability, disasters and disaster risk reduction, navigating compound and dynamic areas including climate change, governance, wars and conflict, forced migration, disability representation, geopolitics, gender and ethnicity. This edited book lays out and questions established policies, discourses and practices in mainstream areas including Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Risk Management and Humanitarian Action, opening an effective critical debate to understand, challenge and shift dominant paradigms.

By developing new theory on DIDRR, it will serve as an important tool for academics, researchers and practitioners working in multiple fields including disability studies, disaster management, global health, humanitarian studies, international studies and geography among others.

This book elucidates state-society relations in East Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic from a comparative perspective.

Based on the findings of cross-national surveys in Japan, South Korea, and China, the book scrutinizes the dynamics of the state-society relationships in each country, examining trends of change in this relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic. Citizens' attitudes toward individual freedom, the state's anti-pandemic policies, vaccine hesitancy, and income redistribution policies across the three countries are compared revealing how public opinion in Japan, South Korea, and China during the COVID-19 pandemic provides a basis for understanding the complex relationship between state and society in East Asia.

Transcending national boundaries and uncovering citizens' evaluations of their domestic and neighboring countries' pandemic responses in East Asia, this book will be an indispensable resource for anyone interested in East Asian society and politics.

How to Support the Neuropsychological Health of the Vietnamese Diaspora is the first book in a new series entitled A Clinical Guide to the Neuropsychological Health of Immigrant Populations, which guides clinicians in the art and science of providing culturally competent services to specific communities. Grounded in evidence-based research and clinical experience, the book offers a better understanding of the unique problems and experiences that the Vietnamese population share, along with examples of how to navigate cultural differences in the assessment and treatment of cognitive impairment.

The book reviews the sociocultural and historical factors relevant to those of Vietnamese descent, which help to conceptualize individuals' presentations, common socio-cultural considerations for assessment or treatment, and literature related to working with this population in an international and medical context. It also offers current practice guidelines or approaches to assessment and intervention, along with case studies, a glossary of the necessary cognitive science terms in Vietnamese, and practical resources.

It is essential reading for clinicians in the patient care setting, as well as students and researchers in clinical neuropsychology and related fields of psychology, sociology, medicine and forensics.

What if disability isn't a problem but a resource? This updated edition of a classic text in the field of disability studies interrogates the commonly held view that disability is something that needs to be 'cured' or 'eradicated'. It shows us how disability can challenge our thinking and help us to imagine a more socially just society, offering an engaging introduction to a diverse and globally expanding subject. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this text will be of interest to undergraduates, graduates, and researchers across the social sciences. Making the case that disability is much more than just impairment, this book uncovers the ways in which disabled people are challenging discrimination and marginalisation. Ranging across topics such as health, activism and education, this book asks questions about the ways in which society tends to understand disability and offers alternative explanations that are more exciting, radical and transformative.

Using novel, bioethical framing alongside critical and comprehensive analysis of harm reduction approaches, this cutting-edge book addresses the multifaceted and transdisciplinary issue of drug addiction in society, exploring how addiction can be conceptualized from various disciplinary perspectives for positive policy outcomes.

The book discusses the philosophical concepts of agency and action within addiction, and how this can support the foundations needed to identify the most effective and ethical harm reduction strategies within policy frameworks. Foregrounding the implications for this notion of agency, chapters trace the evolution of the concept of addiction through the centuries and examine contemporary understandings from neuroscience, philosophy, bioethics, and policy analysis. Comparative, case study analysis is conducted to contrast local, empirically based models for drug policy in the UK alongside external models based on international treaties, which dictate a top-down approach to drug penalization.

Offering a research-based and theoretically informed framework for effective harm reduction strategies and policies, this book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students in the fields of addiction studies, bioethics and mental health policy more broadly. Policy makers working in addictions and substance use may also find the book of relevance.

Drawing on the expertise of researchers, educators, practitioners, and those with lived experience of accessing social work and social care services, this book presents both an objective and practice relevant overview of strengths-based practice in the UK and international examples of strengths-based practice being applied in other contexts.

The potential benefits for individuals, families, and communities of social work adopting a strengths-based approach in adult social work and social care are widely recognised across the four nations of the UK. Despite this, there remains much uncertainty about what good strengths-based approaches are, and how they can be practically supported in practice, policy, and research. Presenting a contemporary picture of how strengths-based practice is understood within a UK social work and social care context within each of the home nations, this book draws on the latest research and practice knowledge to discuss and critique the impacts and implementation of the main strength-based models. Drawing on learning from other countries and practice within children's services, it also reflects on the theoretical thinking which underpins strengths perspectives and identifies future challenges and opportunities within adult social work and social care in the UK.

It will be of interest to all scholars, students, and practitioners of social work and social care across all four nations of the UK, and those from other countries who are interested in international learning.

Do you want to understand how best to embrace the challenges, surprises, and successes of research? This book acts as a journey through research to empower you to make the necessary connections between research and professional practice. From understanding the concepts of research and gathering data, to guiding you in writing it up and achieving positive change, this book will give you:

? a confident start with clarity on core concepts and getting it right ethically.

? an insight into diversity in approaches, the impact of context, and how to overcome problems.

? A better understanding of the realities of social work and social care practice.

? Step-by-step guidance at each point in the research process

Equipped with a wealth of case studies and real-world examples to help you put your knowledge into practice, this book is the perfect companion for students who want to transition to successful practitioner researchers.

In this book leading social science and humanities contributors in the field of mobilities research address the multiple issues generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermaths. Contributors examine how the pandemic intensified the existing and uneven ways that we move at multiple scales, from the mobilities of viruses to global planetary movements.

As the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, or COVID-19 pandemic swept around the world, outpacing public health efforts to contain it, many everyday human mobilities were brought to an abrupt halt in the emergency, while others were drastically reorganized. Viral mobilities unleashed not just a disruption of human mobilities, but also a vast intensification of the existing and uneven ways that we move or don't move: such as in the contexts of tourism and international travel; in how mobilities are governed in cities, or through migration controls at and away from borders; in relation to climate change policies and transitions to net zero; in forms of transportation through which everyday life and work practices are undertaken and reproduced and, ultimately, in the way mobility is (re)valued and felt during and after a global crisis. Chapters in this book address the multiple issues generated by the pandemic and its relation to complex (im)mobilities and the ways they are governed and lived, at many scales, as well as deeper theoretical and methodological issues that arise, such as how to tell stories and visualise (im)mobilities of life under lockdown.

The book was originally published as a special issue of the Mobilities journal.

As a nursing or health and social care student, academic writing is one of the main ways you're assessed. However, how to approach your assignments can be a challenge.

This is a short, simple guide to the academic writing process, helping you to grow in confidence, to write critically and engagingly, and to develop your voice.

Whether you are just starting your course, returning to study or looking to improve your style, you'll find out how to:

? Get into the mindset for independent study and reflection

? Source and evaluate literature and evidence

? Develop your critical writing skills

? Structure your work

Set in the Northern English City of Leeds, in the midst of Liz Truss' 49 days in office, what we are now calling The Cost of Living Crisis emerges as the most recent incantation of economic decline. Challenging the ease with which this phrase has become commonplace, this monograph provokes questions of when and for whom it became normal to discuss the cost of being alive.

The Cost of Living Crisis is both new and not new. With a focus on how economic decline is temporally experienced, Wood explores how consumption habits find solidarity with the past, claim membership in the present and grasp at uncertain futures. With a concern for where agency lies, Wood ultimately asks us: How is it that people deal, engage and reclaim precarious futures in the shop? Drawing from research conducted in a food pantry - a food bank that simulates a shop - Wood takes up a concept of provisioning as embodied knowledge and cultivated competence defined by the normalisation of economic recession. However, amidst hopelessness, the food pantry also materialises everyday acts of hope, care and play, which, in turn, perhaps provoke a reimagination not just of what a food bank is but of what shopping could be.

This book is applicable to scholars of temporality, political and economic anthropology, the anthropology of Britain, economic crisis and consumption.

Smart Cities are fascinating, but they also have a dark side that little is said or written about. One issue is the possibility of generating various types of exclusion. For this reason, this book will develop principles for assessing the inclusiveness of Smart Cities and outline strategies for strengthening urban resistance to exclusion.

The book will consider the essence, scale and types of exclusion and include analysis of inclusiveness in practice in the assessment and activities of Smart Cities. The research assesses Smart City literature, with particular emphasis on criticism of the Smart City concept and exclusion generated in smart urban structures, critically analyses the principles and indicators used in international inclusive Smart City rankings, highlights case studies on best practices for preventing exclusions in Smart Cities, and uses trend analysis to assess the scale and intensity of exclusion threats.

This book can be used as a compendium of knowledge about exclusions in Smart Cities by both researchers and students, as well as all urban stakeholders, in particular city decision-makers.

Shelter is a basic human requirement, yet housing in the UK has increasingly been perceived as an asset rather than the secure base everyone requires for their basic physical and mental health needs and well-being.

This book examines how all types of housing have become precarious for many service users with whom social workers will engage and makes some suggestions regarding action and best practice. Showing how people become homeless and the difficulties finding a way out of this, the housing options for specific populations including care leavers, those with disabilities, families, and older people will be examined. All this will be framed in the context of social work practice, building practitioner knowledge and confidence around an area that affects everyone but the significance of which is sometimes underexamined in holistic assessments. Packed with reflective examples and case studies, each chapter also includes a "tuning in" exercise to help prepare the reader for what the chapter will tackle, with concluding thoughts on these exercises at the chapter end.

This book is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate social work students as they begin to think of more specialised areas of work in their second or subsequent years, as well as social work practitioners, who will be increasingly aware of the pressures of housing costs on those with whom they work.