社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This Open Access book addresses the need for rehabilitation services for people impacted by Major Limb Loss in Low and Middle Income Countries. It focuses on a Complex Intervention study in Uganda supporting the provision of affordable and accessible prosthetic services in a public referral hospital. The book demonstrates the impact that overwhelming dependency on overseas support has had on service development and the delivery of universal health coverage and provides an evidence base to support a change in the contribution that overseas assistance makes to health systems planning.

This book is a nuanced study of healthcare provision and health systems governance in the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI). The authors address an important knowledge gap, offering compelling insights into health systems and governance in Kurdistan before and after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings stem from a system of benchmarking derived from both a comparative analysis of international healthcare standards and original empirical research. In light of the benchmarks of best practices for health system governance and the findings from in-depth qualitative interviews, the authors critically discuss the strengths and weaknesses in KRI healthcare governance and put forward pathways for reform. This thought-provoking book contributes to an important area of research on contemporary health systems governance and healthcare provision in low-income countries and war-affected regions.

How can we save primary care from collapse and improve health care outcomes?

Primary care in the United States faces an existential crisis. Its value is unchallenged: policy experts argue that the primary care sector is critical to the quality and equity of the health care system. On the other hand, studies show that primary care is underfunded, providers are struggling with burnout, and an increasing number of patients lack access to this essential care. In Wonderful and Broken, Troyen A. Brennan offers a timely exploration into the precarious state of primary care in the American health system today. Drawing on years of field research and firsthand accounts from clinicians, this book paints a picture of both the current struggles and emerging solutions that define the primary care landscape.

With health care costs rising and clinician burnout at an all-time high, Brennan examines whether value-based care can truly rescue primary care from the brink of collapse. At the heart of this book are the compelling stories of doctors, nurses, and care teams who are forging a new path, championing preventive care, and prioritizing patient relationships. From the efforts of government policies to the involvement of venture capitalists, the book unveils the multifaceted approaches being employed to shift health care from a fee-for-service model to one centered around value, quality outcomes, and equitable access.

But will these efforts be enough? Brennan does not shy away from the hard questions, offering both a critique of past failures and hope for a more equitable future. Essential reading for policymakers, health care professionals, and anyone concerned about the future of American health care, Wonderful and Broken illuminates the pivotal role primary care must play in achieving sustainable and effective reform.

Amid historic restrictions on abortion, puberty blockers, and assisted suicide, a health-law expert exposes America's broken system of medical conscience, which shields clinicians who refuse evidence-based care yet offers no protections to those who provide prohibited treatment.

Pitched battles over abortion, puberty blockers, and assisted suicide have turned American healthcare into a legal minefield. Faced with mounting restrictions on medical practice, doctors and nurses who follow their conscience to provide standard treatments risk being fined, fired, or even imprisoned, while clinicians who conscientiously deny evidence-based care are shielded without condition from any such consequences. Dov Fox argues that by ceding the moral vocabulary of conscience to refusers alone, the lopsided law of medical conscience selectively burdens providers, drives vulnerable patients underground, and impoverishes the dynamic pluralism of medicine.

The Conscience of Care lays bare the broken system of medical conscience and sets out to fix it. Fox canvases a landscape of contested services that include IVF, IUDs, opioids, psychedelics, organ transplants, and advance directives. He develops practical reforms that rebalance conscience protection by introducing measured safeguards for providers and scaling back the categorical refuge afforded to refusers. The Conscience of Care articulates a bold vision of medicine that reclaims the lost promise of conscience to bridge social divides on matters of life and death, impairment and identity.

How community organizations and civic engagement drive the success of global health aid.

What makes health-related development assistance truly effective? In How Ordinary People Make Aid Work, Stefan Kruse argues that the answer lies in the power of ordinary citizens. By examining the role of community organizations and social movements, Kruse challenges conventional approaches to aid, showing that true accountability requires more than institutional reforms or participatory spaces that offer citizens a seat at the table.

Through rigorous analysis and compelling case studies, the book reveals how traditional forms of exercising voice-especially in politically challenging contexts-drive the success of donor-funded health projects. Kruse demonstrates that reducing infant mortality since the 1990s owes more to an engaged citizenry than to formal accountability mechanisms. Surprisingly, state capacity and democratic institutions show little effect on the success of health aid once citizen involvement is accounted for. By bridging macroeconomic studies of aid effectiveness with research on political behavior, these findings underscore the indispensable role of civic engagement in building resilient health systems.

How Ordinary People Make Aid Work critiques the limitations of traditional, top-down development models and advocates for empowering communities to lead their own progress. It highlights how social ties and collective action equip citizens to oversee health projects and create sustainable solutions to public health challenges. Offering fresh insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and scholars, this book redefines what it takes to make aid truly impactful.

An insider's account of a global health leader's career tackling infectious diseases and systemic public health challenges.

In Deployed, Kevin M. De Cock, MD, chronicles his extraordinary career as a physician who has confronted the world's most pressing infectious disease crises. Beginning his work at a time when infectious diseases were widely considered to be vanquished, De Cock emerged as a pivotal figure in battling the AIDS pandemic, outbreaks of Ebola and Yellow Fever, and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Through vivid storytelling, De Cock shares the realities of global health work, balancing scientific discovery, cultural challenges, and political intricacies. This book provides a rare, insider's perspective on decades of public health evolution, from the early recognition of AIDS as a global health priority to the struggles of addressing emerging pandemics in the twenty-first century amid systemic challenges like health inequities. Rich in lessons for medical and public health professionals, this powerful book highlights the urgency and complexity of leading global health efforts in an interconnected world.

Spanning continents and crises, Deployed offers a unique exploration of the intersections among medicine, epidemiology, and global public health. De Cock draws from his experiences in diverse settings, from African hospitals tackling endemic diseases to high-stakes international efforts addressing viral outbreaks. This compelling narrative bridges the gap between the clinical and cultural, offering both inspiration and practical guidance to a new generation of global health leaders.

In an era of constant global change, companies are challenged to adapt quickly to evolving consumer demands and technological innovations. However, the complexity of product changes in the medical technology industry is particularly high. Leveraging expertise of interview partners from Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and India, this book examines the perception of digital transformation within the medical technology industry and the increasing prominence of artificial intelligence as a transformative force. Thus, it provides a critical analysis of the potential opportunities for optimization and risks of integrating this technology into product change management in this sector, offering a comprehensive perspective for management practice.

How neurotypical hegemony reproduces a culture of exclusion-and how to overcome this with love, hope, and solidarity

Ableism is embedded in our daily lives. Social life, education, work, and, especially, mental health have been organized around rigid ideas of the "ideal" and the "normal" citizen-ideas that always exclude neurodiversity. In this pathbreaking book, Chantelle Jessica Lewis and Jason Arday argue that the neurodiversity movement offers ways to mobilize against not only ableism but also other "isms" including racism and capitalism. By focusing on the prevalence of neurotypical dominance and power-or "neurotypical hegemony"-Lewis and Arday show the ways that neurotypical dominance has often been used to justify and normalize some of our more harmful cultures around productivity and value.

Throughout the book, Lewis and Arday use theories of Blackness, feminism, class, and neurodivergence to offer a vision of solidarities across differences. They show that race, class, ethnicity, gender, and nation are just some of the social structures for which the politics of neurodiversity can produce an emancipatory analysis. This is a book about applying social theory in practice, taking seriously how academic research and theory can be used outside of academic spaces. With We See Things They'll Never See, Lewis and Arday issue a call to action-and a call for understanding, acceptance, and humility.

A compelling exploration of how socio-political factors like inequality and poverty exacerbate pandemics.

In a world where millions perish from preventable diseases amid unprecedented wealth and technological advancement, Pandemics, Poverty, and Politics illuminates a central paradox of our times. This compelling work by a seasoned physician and global health leader unravels the complex web of social, political, and economic factors driving pandemics and other public health crises.

Drawing from over two decades of experience in the public health field, Tyler B. Evans, MD, MS, MPH, presents a unique and deeply personal narrative. The book begins with a foundational introduction to social medicine and health systems, as well as the social and political determinants of health. Dr. Evans provides readers with examples of every major pandemic starting with the turn of the twentieth century to current times-beginning with the third plague and ending with COVID-19-highlighting the common social and political drivers of these outbreaks. Fractured health systems worsened by social disruption place inordinate stress on societies and disproportionately impact the most vulnerable. These historic examples of pandemics in addition to more contemporary examples of ongoing epidemics and major public health concerns ranging from malaria and neglected tropical diseases to influenza, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, Ebola, and tuberculosis reinforce how sociopolitical factors build upon each other. Case in point: high population stress following political repression and unrest in apartheid South Africa contributed to a major outbreak of HIV in the 1990s, as did multinational diamond mining and minimal infrastructure help precipitate the worst ebola outbreak in history in Sierra Leone.

While scientific advancements have progressed, the failure to address underlying social inequities leaves us vulnerable to even more devastating health crises. This book is an essential read for public health and health care professionals, policymakers, social science researchers, students, and anyone committed to understanding and mitigating the complex factors that underpin global health emergencies.

An economist challenges an emerging orthodoxy: the idea that the best way to alleviate poverty is simply to give people money.

A simple notion has become increasingly widespread in recent years: to lift people out of poverty, just give them money. Leading international organizations like the World Bank and United Nations endorse the use of cash transfers. So do Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, and everyday philanthropists-the charity GiveDirectly has raised more than $800 million to distribute to households in a dozen countries.

Challenging this emergent wisdom, Heath Henderson argues that cash transfers-whether one-off grants or a "basic income" provided over a stretch of time-are a flawed response to global poverty. They risk displacing interventions that recipients themselves might prefer: if a community lacks access to clean water or high-quality healthcare, for instance, giving cash to households will not address the problem, which can be solved only by putting those funds toward public infrastructure. Cash transfers have also been linked to more direct harms, including increases in domestic violence, child labor, inflation, and even mortality.

The appeal of cash transfers is rooted in the idea that they avoid paternalism, letting the recipients of the money, rather than faraway donors, make choices for themselves. But as Henderson points out, such transfers substitute one form of paternalism for another, by assuming that markets know best. Poor Relief instead proposes looking beyond one-size-fits-all solutions toward a truly bottom-up alternative. Fixing global poverty is not just a matter of giving people money-it requires giving communities democratic power.

This open access book simultaneously addresses both the segmenting and the egalitarian function of individual labour law, in almost all countries of the world, in some chapters following up from its origin to the present. Its socio-legal approach fills gaps for sociological, legal and historical research of regulatory social policy. Labour law is dealt with both in qualitative (theoretical, hermeneutic and historical) and in quantitative manner (with the leximetrics method developing new ways to measure generosity and coverage of law). This is a groundbreaking contribution to regulatory social policy research. By indicating the relevance and the mechanisms of legal segmentation for labour market segmentation, unequal opportunities and social stratification it provides evidence for the assumptions that social segmentation does not only stem from market forces, but also from the law itself. Even the rising impact of egalitarian law cannot fully cope with legal segmentation. The book chapters place particular emphasis on the development in countries of the Global South.

Examines how "back-alley abortion" rhetoric shaped public memory, reproductive politics, and advocacy in the fight for abortion rights.

How did three words come to carry the weight of America's abortion debates? In Back-Alley Abortion, Emily Winderman examines how this phrase shaped American reproductive politics and health care standards across generations. Drawing on extensive archival research, the book traces the unexpected origins of this rhetoric in urban reform movements, showing how early associations of alleys with sanitation, morality, and criminality created lasting impressions that would later influence abortion discourse.

Winderman demonstrates how "back-alley abortion" was always more than just descriptive language-it has shaped perceptions of medical legitimacy and clinical spaces. The book reveals how this phrase emerged from racialized and gendered intersections of urban planning, public health, and social reform movements before becoming a rhetoric that anticipated pre-Roe v. Wade criminalized medical encounters. After Roe, back-alley abortion molded public memory through high-profile cases and later became a weaponized tool of anti-abortion activists to restrict access under the guise of sanitary clinical care.

From nineteenth-century urban reformers to contemporary Supreme Court decisions, this study illuminates how three words came to carry the weight of America's most contentious health care debate. In our post-Dobbs era, as states grapple with new restrictions on reproductive rights, understanding the complex history and rhetorical power of "back-alley abortion" has never been more crucial. Drawing on rhetorical theory, reproductive justice theory, and the history of medicine, Back-Alley Abortion offers vital insights into how rhetoric shapes our understanding of medical legitimacy, clinical standards, and health care justice in the United States.

This book outlines the ways that disabled women experience unwanted touching and intrusive questions when navigating public space. Using the framework of feminist disability studies, this book takes an intersectional approach to fill a gap in the understanding of how disability and gender are factors in the nature and impacts of unwanted touching. It draws on research from over 70 women and non-binary people to elicit stories and examples, with some people living what some described as a 'smaller life'. The methodology was a co-production with a disability activist. This book develops the new concept of Ableist Intrusions to investigate the nature and impacts of such experiences. It considers how non-disabled people should interact with disabled people in order to respect boundaries and bodies.

Experts discuss reform patterns and trajectories across key policy domains, reflecting on governance models and political dynamics. They assess the mechanisms that shape reforms, such as public attitudes, organized interests, electoral politics, policy learning, and international multi-level governance. With a focus on Europe and further OECD countries, chapters conduct detailed process-tracing of major social policy topics, from pensions and healthcare to education, the reconfiguration of EU social policy and housing policy. The Handbook surveys advancements in both traditional and emerging methodologies for analysing reform processes, demonstrating the evolution of the field and suggesting future research paths in the age of polycrisis.

Students and scholars of comparative social policy, welfare economics and welfare states will greatly benefit from this informative Handbook. It is also an essential resource for those studying comparative politics, political economy and contemporary social history.

A physician's candid guide to self-discovery and organizational effectiveness in the pursuit of health equity.

In Healing in a Changing America, Dr. George Rust offers advice on improving health equity especially targeted to the people who need to hear it most: white men, many of whom are in leadership positions throughout health care systems and medical education. He shares lessons learned pursuing health equity in diverse settings on his personal journey as a white male physician, from training in a large urban public hospital and practicing in a rural farmworker clinic to teaching and leading in a historically Black medical school. This candid book confronts uncomfortable truths about the nuances of privilege, systemic inequities, and the role that leaders must play in creating inclusive, equitable health systems.

How can we ensure diversity and build trust and strength within a health care organization? How do we know when our voice will be helpful-and when it will drown out others'? Through deeply personal and memorable stories, Rust addresses these questions and more. As an experienced educator, physician, and advocate, he helps individuals who are willing to confront their own biases and embrace the challenges of fostering diversity and equity in health care. From building trust and empowering underrepresented voices to promoting structural changes in medical education and practice, Rust shares the mistakes and successes of his own experience to equip readers with practical tools to effect meaningful change.

Healing in a Changing America offers profound insight into the transformative power of humility, listening, and learning. Whether navigating the complexities of organizational leadership or grappling with societal shifts, this essential work inspires readers to become true allies in the pursuit of justice and equity.

Leading experts discuss the uses of AI, from advancing renewable energy solutions to improving healthcare delivery and creating personalized learning pathways. Combining practical applications with ethical reflections, they emphasize the alignment of AI with ideals such as sustainability, equity, and well-being, and propose responsible implementation strategies to ensure positive societal outcomes. The book examines the intersection of innovation and human values, providing a roadmap for harnessing AI's potential in a way that nurtures the planet and contributes to a sustainable and equitable future.

Artificial Intelligence for Ecology, Health, and Education is a vital resource for academics and students of AI and information systems, as well as business leaders and entrepreneurs. Timely and engaging, it will also benefit policymakers and practitioners working in sustainability, healthcare reform, and educational equity.

Offers reflections, provocative questions, and practical strategies for ethical, responsible approaches to health history.

In Do Less Harm, editors Courtney E. Thompson and Kylie M. Smith bring together a group of leading historians and scholars to confront one of the most pressing questions in health history: How can we ethically approach stories of medicine and health without perpetuating harm? This thought-provoking collection invites readers into a crucial conversation about the responsibilities of historians when documenting the past.

Through carefully curated essays, the contributors explore the ethical dilemmas that arise in researching, teaching, and writing about the history of health care. From patient privacy to the politics of archives, the essays cover how health histories have often overlooked, misunderstood, or misrepresented the people and communities most affected by medical practices. The contributors challenge the assumptions of the field, offering a more thoughtful approach to historical research-one that emphasizes empathy, accountability, and inclusivity.

The book raises provocative questions and proposes practical strategies for historians and scholars to do less harm in their work and is organized around key themes such as research, teaching, writing, and public engagement, making it an indispensable resource for anyone working in the history of health care, ethics, or the health humanities. With its engaging style and accessible insights, Do Less Harm offers a fresh and timely perspective for academics, students, and readers interested in the ethical challenges of representing the past.

Updated and revised! An essential guide to healthy aging for men.

In A Man's Guide to Healthy Aging, Edward H. Thompson, Jr., and Lenard W. Kaye explore the new and evolving landscape of men's health over their adult lives. They present a positive outlook on aging, viewing it as an opportunity for continued growth, vitality, and personal agency. Offering an overview of issues and concerns, the authors encourage men to take charge of their health and wellness by maintaining active lifestyles, recoupling if necessary, and engaging in post-retirement careers, among other activities intended to bolster physical, mental, and social health and wellness.

The guide covers important topics including:
* The significance of self-care, especially in terms of physical activity, eating nutritiously, and being socially connected.
* Normal aging's impact on men's bodies, including their sexual health, cognitive function, and physiological changes.
* Navigating post-retirement careers and staying engaged in community life.
* Understanding relationships and recoupling in later life.
* Addressing ageism and resisting negative stereotypes of older men.
* Strategies for maintaining brain health and preventing cognitive decline.
* Practical advice on late life financial planning, including wills, trusts, and estate planning decisions.
* Insights into the social and cultural forces shaping men's health and longevity.
* How aging men can stay connected, maintain friendships, and foster strong social support systems.

New content based on major trends in the last ten years covers the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, planning for housing, the expanding availability of Medicare and Medicaid coverage and telemedicine, and more. While focusing on men, this guide also offers valuable insights for anyone hoping to better understand an aging father, brother, or partner. With a mix of research-backed information and relatable anecdotes, the authors encourage men to take charge of their health, challenge earlier generations' societal expectations of late life, and live with purpose and vitality well into their later years.

Chapters present qualitative and quantitative research processes and designs, demonstrating the importance of integrating the needs of diverse groups as the foundation of successful research projects. Contributing authors discuss the ethical concerns of research and evaluate the incorporation of cultural and linguistic competencies into various methodologies. They examine culturally inclusive research and analyze effective health research methodologies for refugees, people with disabilities, mixed ethnic groups, and immigrant populations, identifying insightful avenues for future academic research.

The Research Handbook on Health Education, Health Promotion and Diversity is an essential resource for students and academics in health education, health promotion, public health, sociology, and education. Its breadth of case studies on diverse populations will greatly benefit practitioners in public health, health education, and promotion.

Digital Transformation and Public Welfare Services focuses on three new concepts that reflect the ways in which digital transformation is significantly altering the welfare state and public service sector. The Opportunity is based on data-driven management, enabling increased welfare to citizens and win-situations for all stakeholders. The Challenge is based on automation and a version 2.0 of New Public Management and The Wildcard replaces citizens' physical presence with a digital presence within public service provision. Pedersen argues that societies should strive to employ the first concept, the Opportunity, as it provides a clear framework to improve welfare for all citizens, creating beneficial arrangements for stakeholders within public service provision.

This is an important book for students and researchers of comparative social policy, digital sociology, and sociology and social policy. It will also be invaluable to professionals and policymakers working in the welfare state and public service sectors.

Vasilis Galis and Vasileios-Spyridon Vlassis bring together renowned experts who analyze digital technologies for welfare provision as sociotechnical phenomena, that is, the welfare state is mutually constructed by welfare practices and digital technologies, an outcome of organizational reconfiguration, political-economic visions, and socio-technical imaginaries. They demonstrate that digitalization is not simply a question of implementing digital technologies but also an introduction of new governmental ideas that transform both the public sector and its services as well as inter-state and state-society relations. The book explores how the rapid implementation of digital tools in the provision of welfare services is bringing fundamental changes to welfare and provides experienced-based accounts of the transformations occurring in public service work.

Digitalization, Data and Welfare is an essential resource for students and academics in welfare studies. Its practical insights into inter-state and state-society relations will also greatly benefit welfare policymakers and practitioners in innovation, science and technology.