社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

Why do most capitalist economies have socialist health care systems? How can we preserve them? What would Aneurin Bevan think? These are the three main questions addressed by this book.

In the 1950s, through In Place of Fear, Bevan made a strong case for a National Health Service which he had been instrumental in establishing in the UK in 1948. But he did not articulate the accompanying economic case. That case is presented here in an accessible way and extended to social care. A comprehensive understanding of 'tried and tested' means of financing health care is presented, alongside assessments of repeated and new approaches proposed in policy circles as quick fixes to funding shortfalls. This is tackled across four themes: the role of the private sector; making choices in the face of resource scarcity; workforce planning and remuneration; and preparation for pandemics. The emerging proposals carry a cost to the public purse, but must be weighed against the costs and unfairness of further disintegration. With a special focus on the UK and the NHS at a critical time for policy change, this essential book provides the blueprint for policymakers, clinical leadership and politicians needing to pay more attention to the economic issues underlying health and social care as they shape In Place of Fear 2.0.

This book focuses on the lived realities of disabled mothers to examine how they navigate their multiple competing responsibilities and identities. It reimagines normative constructions of motherhood, dependency, and care while rethinking advocacy and resistance, in the context of disability, gender, and mental health. It essentially argues that disabled women negotiate a delicate balancing act: they constantly work at proving their competence, even as they push the boundaries of normative femininity.

The book is grounded in qualitative research on disabled mothers. In these conversations, disabled mothers described various aspects of their motherhood journey, ranging from their interactions with society to their daily experiences within the household. Drawing from critical disability studies, critical psychology, care theory, and feminist scholarship, this interdisciplinary volume elaborates on the everyday situations that disabled mothers encounter and the strategies they engage in to provide care for their children.

This book will be relevant for students and scholars in disability studies, psychology, gender studies, development studies, medical anthropology and sociology, and medical humanities, among others. Further, the use of case studies makes it an essential read for practitioners and policymakers. Recognising the political significance of 'plain language' in disability studies, the book's accessible language will appeal to academic, lay, and practitioner audiences.

This unique, interdisciplinary book critically examines the important roles that witness accounts from healthcare professionals have played in testifying to historical instances of genocide, mass killing, epidemic disease, and natural disaster over the past century. Knowledge and perceptions of many major disasters - natural and human-made - have been shaped by witness accounts provided by doctors, nurses, and other medical practitioners.

Bookended by two key events in the modern history of medicine, the Holocaust and the COVID-19 pandemic, this original volume engages with topics, including the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the 2010 Haiti Earthquake, and the Korean War. Drawing on a multidisciplinary selection of leading scholars and healthcare practitioners and discussing a wide range of media, its emphasizes mental and physical health, highlights the ethical challenges and moral stresses these terrible events can pose, and assesses the ways in which the testimonies of healthcare professionals are qualitatively different from other forms of witness.

This wide-ranging, volume explores issues and themes relevant to medical humanities, history of medicine, peace and conflict studies, narrative medicine, humanitarian healthcare, healthcare ethics, trauma studies and global health. It is an essential contribution for all healthcare practitioners, aid workers and academics interested in these fields.

This pioneering book illustrates the ways in which an interpretive or hermeneutic stance can be incorporated into modern healthcare across clinical practice, clinical ethics, education and leadership - and the transformative effects of doing so.

Combining practical case studies and narrative, this book introduces the hermeneutic window, in which meaning making frames clinical and educational decision making. It shows how best practice requires more than clinical knowledge, communication skills and application of evidence based medicine. It is within the hermeneutic window that assumptions, meanings and values are examined, questioned and re-examined. Drawing on a wide range of expertise, the chapters challenge existing assumptions about the essence of healthcare and the role that clinicians play within it.

This book is valuable reading for all healthcare practitioners, particularly GPs, physicians, psychiatrists and psychologists, as well as professions allied to medicine, medical students and other trainees.

Offering an in-depth, multidisciplinary exploration of drugs used to enhance the structure and function of muscle, weight loss, the appearance of the skin and hair, sexual function and behaviour, cognitive function, and mood and social behaviour, this book builds on the first volume by investigating the categorising of these drugs, new populations, emerging issues and harm reduction strategies, advancing the global understanding of human enhancement.

This volume provides fresh insights into sports doping as well as under-researched areas, offering practical and theoretical knowledge for academics, practitioners and policymakers. Key features include a global perspective, contributions from leading experts, and coverage of novel topics such as microdosing, rural drug use and sexualised drug use. By bridging theory and practice, the book equips readers with the knowledge and tools to address the complexities of HED use, including harm reduction and policy challenges.

Human Enhancement Drugs: Volume Two is designed for academics, students (undergraduate and postgraduate), health professionals and anti-doping officials. This book is ideal for public health, sports science, criminology, sociology and law modules, among others. Its interdisciplinary and practice-based approach ensures relevance across diverse educational and professional settings.

This book explores how maps generated through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to integrate principles of health equity and environmental justice into community planning and decision-making.

To do this, the book puts forward the 3Ps of GIS mapping: People, Place, and Policy. This book demonstrates how different maps reveal different spatial disparities for each topic, providing alternative lens for addressing socio-cultural, political, or geographical issues. Using a step-by-step approach, and covering the core concepts by which GIS maps can be interpreted, it builds to provide a comprehensive understanding of what a GIS-generated map may tell us, though crucially also what it may not. Featuring illustrated examples throughout, this book is essentially a tool kit to support a nuanced and holistic perspective on community planning.

It will appeal to policymakers, planners, and public health consultants, as well as students moving toward this field.

Disfigurement: Understanding Visible Difference is a collection of essays which brings together an all-star cast of researchers, clinicians, advocates, and activists around the world, many of whom have lived experience with disfigurement. Seeking to reduce stigma around disfigurement, they explore the experience of looking different including interventions to help with social integration, social media issues, and prejudice towards physical difference. The collection serves as a call for activism and offers a direction for future research.

This book responds to the three themes prevalent in the literature on disfigurement: (1) the psychosocial aspects of body image and identity, (2) interventions, and (3) representations of disfigurement. In section one, the book explores the psychosocial aspects of body image and identity among people with disfigurement. Section two looks at interventions, including those involving social media. In response to this misrepresentation, section three offers the voices of people who are helping to change public opinions through media and activism.

This book is invaluable reading for all clinicians, researchers, activists, people with disfigurement, and those who care about them. Disfigurement: Understanding Visible Difference is a crucial resource for students of disability studies, social work, and health psychology.

This book explores the intersection of disabilities and human trafficking, focusing on cognitive, developmental, sensory, and physical disabilities before, during, and after the trafficking experience. Human trafficking research remains a broad area of study that has not adequately covered many specific populations, services, and considerations relevant to the field. The relationship between trafficking experiences and disabilities is complex. Individuals with pre-existing disabilities may be more vulnerable to trafficking due to inadequate social safety nets. At the same time, survivors may develop disabilities as a consequence of their trafficking experiences. The research featured illustrates a relationship between access to social connections and therapeutic services and the increased risk of exploitation for individuals with disabilities. It begins a more extensive dialogue on the importance of considering disabilities when conducting trafficking research. The research also explores empirical gaps and contributes to a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of human trafficking vulnerabilities and related needs among populations that experience a variety of disabilities. This book was originally published as a special issue of Journal of Human Trafficking.

Aging and diversity intersect in important ways, as individuals from different backgrounds experience aging through distinct lenses shaped by traditions, values, and beliefs. As the older population in the United States is becoming more diverse, it is important to understand the characteristics, the potential, and the needs of this population.

In this new and fully revised edition of Aging and Diversity, Lisa S.Wagner, Chandra Mehrotra, and Man Guo address key topics in diversity and aging, discussing how the aging experience is affected by not only race and ethnicity but also gender, religious affiliation, socioeconomic status, rural-urban community location, and sexual orientation and gender identity. Taking this broad view of human diversity allows the authors to convey some of the rich complexities facing aging populations-complexities that provide both challenges to meet the needs of a diverse population of elders and opportunities to learn how to live in a pluralistic society.

Wagner, Mehrotra, and Guo present up-to-date knowledge and scholarship about aging and diversity in a way that engages readers in active learning, placing ongoing emphasis on developing readers' knowledge and skills, fostering higher-order-thinking, and encouraging exploration of personal values and attitudes.

This book considers the ways in which the lives of persons with intellectual disability are closely interconnected with those of the persons around them. The ways in which these interconnections work and the effects they have are examined by taking a very close look at specific instances in the lives of persons with intellectual disability, taken from published research and other sources and covering various life domains, including education, employment, creative work, socialising and family life.

The fourteen case-study chapters (covering Australia, France, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Spain, the UK, and the USA) focus on the interactions between the person with intellectual disability concerned and other persons. The analyses use Paul Ricoeur's concept of the interrelational self to show how the lives and selves of persons with intellectual disability are intimately intertwined with those of the persons who come into contact with them. Furthermore, it is argued that what we learn about the deep connections between persons with intellectual disability and those who play a significant role in their lives can be applied to general human experience. What happens in each one-to-one interaction is of paramount importance. The analyses are based on Max Van Manen's phenomenonological research approach and critical phenomenology. The innovative approach thus created provides fresh insights and a different method for carrying out research and analysis in the area.

The short format of the chapters in the main part of the book makes it suitable for use on a wide range of courses in disability studies as well as in other disciplines and areas of study, such as psychology, education, legal studies and childhood studies among others. It also makes it accessible for advocates and practitioners working with persons with intellectual disability.

This book guides human service organizations in their transformative efforts to create greater workforce inclusion and well-being through a range of forward-thinking practices: promoting employee mental health; providing personal and professional wellness coaching; engaging in multisolving strategies; identifying supports for individuals as they enhance organizational climate; building meaningful evaluative practices with a focus on social justice; elevating the financial well-being of lower-wage workers; employing a trauma-informed model of leadership; and preparing graduate students with online and in-person pedagogies for inclusive supervision and leadership. Each chapter provides a unique voice and view into current needs and practices that human service managers grapple with in addressing, improving, and even transforming workforce wellbeing, inclusion, and leadership development. These thoughtful perspectives and proposed actions will prove inspiring in the daunting, yet incredibly important work carried out every day by nonprofit and public human service managers and in the professional discourses of human service leaders, researchers, and educators.

This book contains eight chapters by diverse authors representing academic institutions and human service leaders and professionals. It will be essential to students and researchers in social work, human services, and related fields. It will also be beneficial for human service professionals, nonprofit and public sector managers, educators, and scholars.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Human Service Organizations.

The proceedings of the International Conference on Mental Growth and Health Research (MGHR 2024) offer a comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of critical issues in psychological development and mental health.

This volume brings together cutting-edge research on a wide range of topics, including the impact of childhood trauma, the role of parenting styles, the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, and the influence of modern technologies on mental well-being. It also offers new insights into the interplay between cultural factors, gender dynamics, and mental health outcomes across age-groups.

With an eye to both foundational and emerging areas of research, this publication is ideal for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to advancing mental health and psychological development.

Population aging and rapid socioeconomic changes are weakening family-based elder care while escalating the needs for long-term care services for older adults in China. This book presents insightful analysis and research findings on a wide range of policy-relevant issues related to long-term care for older adults in China.

China's population is aging at an unprecedented pace. Currently, older Chinese adults aged 65 and over account for approximately 15% (or 208 million) of the total population, a figure projected to exceed 30% (or 390 million) by 2050. Rapid demographic and socioeconomic changes in China are weakening traditional family-based elder care while increasing the demand for long-term care services. This book features a collection of studies that provides timely analyses and fresh insights into a wide range of policy-relevant topics related to long-term care for older adults in China. These topics are explored in the volume's nine chapters, organized under four main themes: migration, caregiving, and elder care challenges; long-term care service users, frontline workers, and workforce challenges; unmet needs across the care continuum in healthcare, long-term care, and end-of-life care; and long-term care financing. Grounded in a thoughtful analysis of the best available empirical data and employing rigorous and cutting- edge research methods, the findings from these studies contribute to building scientific evidence where it is lacking and support evidence-informed long-term care policymaking and practice to address the mounting challenges of population aging in China.

This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Aging & Social Policy.

How can you make the most of retirement? How should you plan for retirement? What are the challenges of retirement and how can they be dealt with?

This new edition of The Psychology of Retirement looks at this life stage as a journey that involves challenges, opportunities, setbacks, periods of disenchantment and, often, exciting new beginnings. Updates include a new chapter on the 'old age' stage of life as well as end-of-chapter tips and things to think about, case studies of retirees and pre-retirees, and new statistics including the effects of COVID and homeworking. Taking a positive approach, the book explores how retirement provides opportunities to cultivate new friendships, interests and hobbies, consolidate and renegotiate long-held ones, and even re-invent oneself in a post-work environment. It also emphasizes the value of pre-retirement planning, and the importance of establishing new goals and purposes.

Retirement can be a period of significant psychological growth and development, and The Psychology of Retirement shows how it can herald the beginning of a vibrant and active stage of life.

Compassion in healthcare is simultaneously a professional practice and a personal response to the suffering of strangers that is shaped by life experience and a shared evolutionary past. This foundational text draws on insights from Gilbert's body of work on compassion and brings them together with research findings by experts in healthcare to explore the nature and function of compassion in this particular context.

The particularities of empathy and compassion and the challenges of both practices are considered. The process of emotional co-regulation that has a practical basis rooted in communication is framed as key to the experience of compassion. Mindfulness is presented as a way of establishing an attuned self-awareness as the foundation for self-care as well as for states of healthy connection with patients and colleagues. The cognitive therapy model is introduced as one way of organising the salient features of compassionate practice. Suggestions are made for cultivating compassion in health and social care at individual, team and organisational level.

This book is essential reading for all healthcare workers and students of medicine, nursing, the allied healthcare professions, psychology and healthcare management.

Fundamentally concerning the relationship and dynamics between education, professionalism and ethical awareness, this interdisciplinary, edited volume showcases novel research perspectives on professional ethics in education, practice, and the work life of welfare professionals in the Nordic countries.

Contextualising the term 'welfare professions' as the collective definition of teachers, early childhood educators, social educators, social workers and nurses in the Nordic countries, the book chiefly concerns their ability to navigate within the complex political and institutional frameworks that surround their working environments. Chapters position their competence to act with strong critical, ethical awareness and integrity as a key tenet of a well-functioning education system, and provide research-based perspectives and reflections on how the dichotomy between ethical standards and realities of practice can lead to ethical pressure and moral distress. With contributions from Denmark and the Nordic countries, as well as Canada and the US, the book offers empirical and theoretical perspectives into the relationship between education, professionalism and ethical awareness, and is supported with empirical examples and research-based case studies. Ultimately, the book showcases and promotes research aimed at strengthening professionalism based on critical, innovative and practice-focused education.

This enlightening book will be essential reading for global academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of pedagogy, professional development, the sociology of education, and education ethics more broadly. Those involved with issues of welfare in society, working life research, policy and professional values will also find the volume of use.

This book analyses the role of commercial health insurance in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Including case studies and the results of large-scale surveys, this book examines the changes in the nature of the demand for commercial insurance and how its development could proceed in an integrated way with further development of the pharmaceutical industry, medical services, and health management services. It goes on to quantify the impact of commercial insurance on medical safeguards and economic growth.

Utilising international comparisons and large-scale surveys to reveal both the demand and supply of commercial health insurance in China, this book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of Asian and Chinese healthcare, insurance, and economics.

This book explores the profound impacts of gentrification on public health, examining how this process reshapes socioeconomic and physical environments, exacerbates health disparities, and influences lived experiences. It does so through diverse theoretical, methodological, and empirical perspectives provided by leading researchers from around the globe.

This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the intersections between gentrification and health, with multidisciplinary perspectives and international case studies. It explores key concepts, addresses methodological challenges, and introduces innovative analytical approaches to disentangle the complex pathways linking gentrification to health. With contributions from leading experts, this book synthesises current evidence and provides scholars, policymakers, and practitioners with the knowledge needed to design rigorous studies and implement evidence-based interventions that mitigate health risks, build resilience, and foster equity in rapidly evolving territories.

This book is designed for researchers across social and health sciences, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as policymakers, urban planners, and public health professionals interested in understanding and addressing the health impacts of gentrification.

Examining the fundamental social and cultural changes faced by older adults, this book explores ageing and the psychological issues encountered in 'learning to be' as an older person.

Many of these issues are present throughout the lifespan but take on a new complexion with advancing age, such as the significance of past, present, and future in our lives; how we relate to others in our world; the impact of our gendered lives; the tension between autonomy and dependence, consumption and production, cognition and emotion; and the psychological impact of biological ageing. Adopting a lifespan developmental approach, this text draws together the psychology of late adulthood, contemporary views about identity, and how we learn and develop in late adulthood.

Acknowledging the historical, social, cultural, biological, and technological factors that impact the psychological experience of identity as we age, this book will be of interest to psychology and social work students studying lifespan development. It will also appeal more broadly to a range of professions that provide services for older adults.