社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

The book examines the politics of knowledge in global social policy, investigating how international organisations (IOs) have contributed to the emergence and development of social security as a global policy field. It reconstructs the role of numerical knowledge in the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Bank, theorising how IOs contribute to epistemic infrastructures of global social security. The book shows how IOs' knowledge production has led to a continuous refinement of the meaning and purpose of social security. First, it reveals how IOs arrived at a shared conception of social security: what the book calls an ontological framework. Second, it traces how numbers have increasingly enabled the assessment of countries according to shared benchmarks: what the book calls an evaluative framework. The author demonstrates the political and epistemic work involved in universalising knowledge of social security, while highlighting the limits of governing by numbers in global social policy.

This book presents a political view of medical education based on dialectical analysis of a range of practice. This approach, and the contradictions that it reveals, will enable anyone with an interest in medical education development, or in teaching or researching medical education, to do so systematically, critically and constructively for their own context. How the analysis of medical education was built is described. It also offers relevant academic commentary on the practice that forms that basis of the political view. The issues addressed include assessment, curriculum, teaching methods, social issues, identity, professional values, management, undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education, and the process of becoming an educationalist. These are widely discussed topics in medical education, not yet unified on the basis of a critical theoretical framework. Education is a social science so the book is guided to understand the links between natural science theories that underpin medicine, to the social science theory that underpins medical education.

This book is ground-breaking, in being the first and only political analysis developed specifically for medical education, and based on the practice of that discipline in a variety of contexts in the global north and the global south. The academic commentaries clarify the relationship between the political analysis of medical education and the existing content of the discipline that is widely taught and used. This view of medical education will enable those working, teaching, studying or researching in this field to analyse, criticise, understand, challenge, and build on current knowledge and practice appropriately to their own context.

This edited book responds to the theoretical vacuum on Community Based Inclusive Development (CBID) and accommodates the learning needs of students, researchers and practitioners looking to understand the conceptual underpinnings and practice dimensions of CBID, while developing new theoretical ground on CBID. Bringing together established and emerging scholars and practitioners, this edited volume seeks to:

? Offer a theoretical, critical and interdisciplinary introduction for students, academics and practitioners working in CBID in the Global South.

? Build new theory and knowledge that can inform research and practice.

? Explore in-depth a range of issues through a critical lens and connect these with CBID.

? Contribute evidence-based material for CBID programming and advocacy and inform the work of mainstream community development practitioners.

This book presents a wide array of innovative and cutting-edge practice models, research-based conceptualisations and theorisations as well as policy contributions which will serve as resource material for social work professionals across the globe. This volume is a unique presentation of rich epistemic and practice diversity and contributes to current and future demands of social work knowledge.

Despite the diversity of the global context of social work - language, culture, philosophy, economic and social and political systems - the social work profession presents a cohesive voice that resonates among its professionals. Social workers uphold the values of dignity, rights and justice as well as share a strong belief in the inherent strength of individuals, groups and communities. Through this book, the authors bring together a variety of innovative, contemporary and forward-looking conceptualisations and practice models.

Being the first volume in the Advancing Social Work Practice, Policy, and Research Series, the impressive coverage of the book includes research-based practice models from different country contexts that have global appeal and relevance to the international human and welfare sector. It also includes important conversations about the present and future of social work practice and prepares students as well as professional social workers for practice in an increasingly globalised, dynamic and culturally diverse environment.

Contributions are authored by internationally recognised scholars and leaders writing about social work, as well as by social work professionals in countries and regions where their voices are seldom heard in the international community.

Research- and Practice-Based Models for Advancing Social Work is a timely and important collection of international social work scholarship, work and ideas. The book is an essential resource for students, practitioners and educators alike. Policy makers, researchers and other professionals also would find the volume useful for their work.

Retail is an increasingly dynamic environment, shaped by digitalization, empowered customers and broad socio-economic changes. These factors are impacting retailers' business models and, in particular, their offline stores, which are subject to physical deterioration and obsolescence.

Over time, the declining utility of built substance conflicts with increasing user expectations, ultimately leading to demolition. This includes significant urban, economic and environmental consequences. By analyzing an extended dataset based on the German demolition statistic, this study empirically examines the lifetime of demolished large-scale retail buildings. It identifies the characteristics of underperforming buildings as well as the triggers that ultimately lead to their demise.

As demolition generates significant negative externalities, it is assessed whether end of life occurs prematurely. This is measured by technical and economic benchmarks, as well as against alternative assets. The study is conducted with the aim of future-proofing large retail properties, which is essential for sustainable future urban development.

Global health experts are optimistic that the end of AIDS is within reach. Yet while programs to combat HIV/AIDS have been essential, they exist alongside public healthcare systems that have struggled to gain donor attention and support. Unequal Worlds of Care examines how policymakers, providers, and patients in Malawi navigate a healthcare system transformed unevenly by foreign aid.

Whether through engaging in political resistance, refusing treatment, or leveraging the opportunities available to them, people contend with global health programs that only partially recognize their healthcare realities. Ultimately, overlooking fundamental aspects of healthcare limits even the best-intentioned efforts to improve people's health and well-being. Amy Zhou provides a comprehensive portrait of the human costs of institutional constraints-as well as the ingenuity and dignity of the people continuing to pursue care along these uncertain pathways.

The volume takes an interdisciplinary and intersectional approach to recent trends in European identities, social exclusion and poverty on the one hand, and social rights and equality legislation and policies in the European Union on the other. It examines whether legal instruments and policies can effectively address structural discrimination and social exclusion, explores their interplay with identity politics and stereotypes, and examines how legal principles and policies translate into societal progress and inclusion at both the EU and national levels.

The book highlights the social rights safeguarded in the European Pillar of Social Rights, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Council of Europe's European Social Charter, as well as the role of EU and national courts in interpreting social rights and non-discrimination legislation. Using case studies from Greece, Italy and Spain, the book examines state and civil society initiatives to combat poverty and marginalization.

The book will appeal to students, researchers and academics in political science, law, sociology and education, as well as policy-makers and practitioners interested in equality and social policies aimed at combating social exclusion, marginalization and poverty.

This interdisciplinary volume examines the social production of mental health and illness in Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand). It draws together cutting-edge critical mental health scholarship from the region, to interrogate how personal, community, institutional and mediated relations, make and remake experiences of 'mental health.'

In the wake of the widespread insertion of psy-considerations into everyday lives, here contributors demonstrate how the relations between communities, practices, professionals and institutions often replicate long-standing histories of discrimination and violence motivated by psychiatric classification, even as the psy-disciplines move into supposedly more transformational domains: digital technology, schooling, human resources, and social media, for example.

The book's chapters reflect the current diversity within academic studies of mental health and illness in Australia and Aotearoa. This includes a wide range of case studies from war trauma in the Australian military and pornography addiction, to the depathologisation of trans health and peer workers in mental health services.

Critical Mental Health in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand offers unique insights particular to the region, to students and scholars of critical psychology, history, sociology, medical humanities, and education.

The demand for online health professional educational programs has grown rapidly in recent years, driven by technological advances and an increasing learner appetite for flexible, accessible educational experiences. As the uptake of online techniques has increased, so has the research into their pedagogical underpinnings. However, the speed of these developments means many health professional educators remain unfamiliar with the evidence base and practicalities of actually designing and delivering these learning experiences.
This book summarizes best practices in online education in a succinct, curated, and practical manner. It is designed with the busy health professional educator in mind and is written by fellow health professional educators who understand the everyday challenges of the role. It highlights core principles, gives step-by-step guidance on how to implement these for clinical learners and includes copious 'tips and tricks' to facilitate success.
Covering everything from basic online implementations through to the advanced integration of Artificial Intelligence into learning programs, this book will serve as a valuable resource for any educator wanting to familiarise themselves with this important new discipline.

Spain has become one of the most prominent fertility markets in the world, largely fuelled by the availability of human eggs. Behind the promise of cutting-edge technology and parenthood lies a carefully tailored system to recruit, manage, and discipline egg donors. In this book, Anna Molas explores how young women are incorporated as egg donors into the global reproductive industry. Through in-depth ethnographic fieldwork with both donors and clinicians, the book reveals the fragile processes of selection, monitoring, and control that ensure the supply of human eggs. Introducing the concept of taming, Molas illuminates the gendered, racialized, and classed dimensions of reproductive labor. Engaging with the political economy of reproduction and the future of reproductive medicine, this book is an essential resource for scholars in medical anthropology, Science and Technology Studies, and feminist studies.

This book delves into the evolution of the New Thought Movement and its pervasive influence on modern healthcare. The book begins by tracing the roots of the New Thought Movement, originating in the 19th century, emphasizing the power of the mind in healing and personal development. Over time, this philosophy morphed into the contemporary positive thinking industry, becoming a significant component of Western self-help culture. The book explores how these ideas have become a contentious point in today's culture wars, polarized between supporters who credit it for personal empowerment and critics who highlight its limitations and potential harm. Central to the discussion is an in-depth analysis of the New Thought philosophy's impact on the healthcare industry. While acknowledging the potential benefits, such as motivating patients to adopt healthier lifestyles and fostering a sense of personal agency, the book critically examines how this philosophy's emphasis on mental positivity can lead to victim-blaming. It argues that oversimplifying health issues by attributing them solely to personal mindset obscures the multifaceted reality of health, particularly the significant role of social determinants of health and systemic inequities. This critique underscores how attributing illness to insufficient positive thinking can perpetuate stigma and neglect the socio-economic and environmental factors critical for understanding and addressing health challenges. By offering a nuanced perspective, the book aims to catalyze discussions on integrating mindful optimism with a holistic acknowledgment of the complexities inherent in healthcare, striving for a more balanced and equitable approach

Psychology for Addressing Global Health Challenges is conceived as a pioneering volume that delves into the nexus between psychology and the paramount global health challenges of our era. With a deep focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this book is strategically crafted to empower psychologists, researchers, health practitioners, health managers and policy makers with the knowledge and tools essential for addressing pressing health issues on a global scale. By concentrating on the unique interplay between psychological factors and the health landscape, the volume seeks to equip students and professionals with actionable insights and evidence-based psychologically-rooted strategies for designing effective and human-centered interventions, and interdisciplinary insights to promote a systems-thinking approach to global health challenges. The primary objective is to harness the power of psychological science to foster positive behavioural change and sustainable practices, ultimately contributing to the advancement of a more equitable and sustainable world.

?This book explores the profound and multifaceted impact of stigma on individuals with Tourette's syndrome. It critically examines how stigma, rooted in historical misconceptions continues to shape societal perceptions and attitudes, and marginalises those with the condition across education, employment, media, and interpersonal relationships.

Drawing on personal narratives, Tourette's Syndrome, Stigma, and Society's Jests investigates how humour and media representations both reinforce and challenge societal stigma. It evaluates systemic barriers that maintain inequality and exclusion and confronts traditional medicalised views of Tourette's syndrome. Significantly, it advocates for an intersectional approach that emphasises inclusivity, empowerment, and society's accountability in addressing stigma and fostering change.

By weaving together lived experiences with scholarly insights, the book challenges readers to rethink preconceived notions about Tourette's syndrome and to consider the societal structures that impact the lives of those with the condition. Accessible yet grounded in academic research, this volume offers valuable insights for readers interested in disability studies or social justice. It aims to inspire dialogue, challenge stigma, and advocate for a future that prioritises the voices and experiences of individuals with Tourette's syndrome.

This open access book maps and compares national social policies of socialist and post-socialist countries, examining designs, implementation, and outcomes. It analyses how the generosity of social policies - understood as the combination of their inclusiveness and the scope of benefits they offer - has been conceptualised in different socialist and post-socialist national contexts, how these conceptualisations have shaped the content of social policies, and finally, how the content of social policies has actually been implemented. Thus, the contributions include the ideational, de jure and de facto aspects of social policy in socialist and post-socialist contexts.

This book highlights the co-creation of the narrative interview and explains how the narrative method can be used to promote competence and wellness, resist oppression, and ultimately liberate clients from their problems. The person-in-environment concept brings together a wide range of personal and societal micro to macro influences that allow practitioners to engage in an effective helping process with diverse individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.

The textbook has been written at a time of pronounced sociocultural and historical flux, uncertainty, and civil strife that threaten to disrupt the social fabric of the United States. Consequently, the book augments the resilience-enhancing stress model (RESM) approach to the narrative methodology. Each chapter of the text describes a client or constituency undergoing a life transition and the associated risks (stressors) and protective factors surrounding them. Among the topics covered are:

• Adopting RESM Anti-Oppressive Social Work Strategies: A Micro to Macro Approach
• Co-creating a Narrative: Forming Personal Identity
• Macrolevel Narrative Skills and Techniques
• Proactive Resilience Social Work Practice
• Time, Place, and Resilience

The ultimate purpose of the book is for social workers to develop the ability to enhance clients' and constituencies' optimal resilient social functioning in a just and equitable world that embraces diversity, equity, and inclusion. Although narrative social work practice is not yet widely applied, the text elucidates how storytelling can break new ground in achieving asset-based, resilience-enhancing social work practice as well as redress social, economic, and political injustice.

Narrative Social Work Practice: A Resilience-Enhancing Anti-Oppressive Approach is the third in a series of texts that defines risk and resilience theory and its offshoot-the RESM. The book is intended primarily for generalists and advanced students as well as practitioners in the social work field.

"An incisive study that illuminates the myriad complexities of chronic illness."-Kirkus Reviews (Starred Review)

"Movingly spotlights the struggles of chronically ill patients."-Publishers Weekly

A moving cultural history of disability-and a powerful call to action to change how our medical system and society supports those with complex chronic conditions

From lupus to Lyme, invisible illness is often dismissed by everyone but the sufferers. Why does the medical establishment continually insist that, when symptoms are hard to explain, they are probably just in your head?

Inspired by her work with long COVID patients, medical anthropologist Emily Mendenhall traces the story of complex chronic conditions to show why both research and practice fail so many. Mendenhall points out disconnects between the reality of chronic disease-which typically involves multiple intersecting problems resulting in unique, individualized illness-and the assumptions of medical providers, who behave as though chronic diseases have uniform effects for everyone. And while invisible illnesses have historically been associated with white middle-class women, being believed that you are sick is even more difficult for patients whose social identities and lived experiences may not align with dominant medical thought. Weaving together cultural history with intimate interviews, Invisible Illness upholds the experiences of those living with complex illness to expose the failures of the American healthcare system-and how we can do better.

An Economist Best Book of 2025

"Fair Doses is an unflinching insider account of how science, politics, and human nature collided in the battle to vaccinate the world." -Atul Gawande, surgeon and author of Being Mortal

How vaccines became the world's most powerful and widely distributed health intervention, and the inside story of the challenging race to deliver COVID-19 vaccines globally.

Fair Doses is a story of vaccines: how they came about, why they are important, and how they have been made globally available-although our quest for vaccine equity is still ongoing. In this fascinating deep dive into vaccines, Dr. Seth Berkley, an internationally recognized infectious disease epidemiologist and public health leader, offers an inside view of the challenges of developing and disseminating vaccines for a broad swath of illnesses, from Ebola to AIDS to malaria and beyond.

COVID-19 was a lesson about the devastation a novel virus can bring on our world. When the first signs of this new infection appeared, Dr. Berkley co-created COVAX, a global initiative aimed at ensuring equitable vaccine distribution. The COVAX team had to navigate vaccine nationalism, vaccine diplomacy, intentional disinformation, political forces, and the conflicting incentives of vaccine companies in its race against the virus. In record time, the group organized 193 countries, raised more than $12 billion, built the world's largest portfolio of COVID-19 vaccines, and delivered two billion doses to 146 countries.

Future pandemics are an evolutionary inevitability, and future global response needs to be much faster and more equitable. Drawing from his personal experience, Dr. Berkley lays out a bold vision of preparedness that will help the global community take advantage of rapid advancements in science to make our world safer from infectious diseases.