社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This open access book offers an original exploration of how the notion of pluriversalism, an anti-colonial concept that resounds throughout many decolonial methodologies and pedagogies, underlies many current attempts to develop more just and equitable approaches to social work teaching and research.

Despite its prominence in other fields, pluriversalism has never been foregrounded in any full-length study of social work. This co-edited volume does just that, and in so doing, it codifies a thriving, but otherwise diffuse, subcurrent of alternative, othered ways of researching and teaching social work. It foregrounds local knowledges while maintaining a global scope and empirically grounded perspective, and in so doing it shows how pluriversal approaches open new spaces around the world for teaching and talking about social work in a manner that is more just, culturally sensitive, and attuned to structural power relations. In that same self-critical spirit, the chapters gathered here also engage critically with the risks of cultural appropriation endemic to pluriversal approaches, themselves, appropriations that would ultimately reproduce the exploitation mechanisms they aim to resist. This is a must-read for social work students, researchers, and practitioners interested in development studies, decolonial studies, and Indigenous studies.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Bloomsbury Open Collections Library Collective.

Using the lens of nutrition security and equity for the living beings and living systems of the planet, Nutrition Security for Planetary Health takes an integrated, systems approach that not only delineates the antecedents of the multifaceted environmental crises-but offers solutions including the extensive co-benefits of whole plant foods nutrition as the foundational dietary pattern for improving planetary health. Overlooked yet inseparable problems that connect food systems to the transgression of our planetary boundaries, chronic disease, and zoonotic disease are discerned. Bolstering nature and biodiversity is emphasized throughout including regenerative agroecology, native plant foods and ecosystems, utilizing traditional and Indigenous wisdom, rewilding, and community science. Lastly, inspiring vignettes demonstrate the power of individual and collective actions that advance planetary health.

Recognising that social care is emerging as a respected and institutionalized public policy field, this Research Handbook investigates how social care policies have gained momentum across the globe and documents the development of contemporary literature in this area. The Handbook presents a topical and global overview of social care policies for children, frail older people and adults with disabilities, exploring the institutional setting of care systems, care policies and related trends. Chapter authors assess care work's (in)formalization, marketization, quality and affordability, as well as exploring care poverty, inequality, and the consequences of the pandemic for care.

A crucial read for social care policy scholars, this Handbook is also a vital resource for academics, researchers and students of social work, social policy, sociology, political science, public administration studies, gender studies, childcare, and disability studies.

Leading experts review the state of the art in the work-welfare nexus and explore new avenues for future research. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, chapters consider young people in the labour market, unemployment insurance, free trade agreements and employment relations as well as the future of work and the welfare state. They also address core aspects of social protection and employment services, including the policy impact of enduring, current and future challenges. The Handbook sheds light on existing social policy ideas and initiatives which can be used to develop better living conditions for all.

This authoritative book is an essential resource for scholars and students of comparative social policy, political science, the sociology of work and labour policy. It is also an engaging and informative read for policymakers and civil servants working in employment relations, as well as welfare professionals and civil society actors.

Expert authors investigate the rationales that underpin social protection, emphasising institutional design and the need to address the transformation of social protection systems in low- and middle-income countries. They assess the role of social protection in tackling poverty and social exclusion in these nations, as well as the challenges of operational barriers and limited coverage. Chapters blend conceptual insights with empirical applications to highlight the complementary nature of diverse institutional research. Ultimately, the book addresses the ethical considerations and international legal standards of social protection and concludes that a renewed framework is required to improve human rights globally.

Presenting a holistic understanding of the field, Global Social Protection is a vital read for scholars and students of comparative social policy, sociology of development, and development studies. It will also benefit policymakers and practitioners engaged in social protection and development cooperation.

Chapters draw on detailed case studies to highlight the transformative potential of RCTs, demonstrating how they can generate actionable findings, facilitate effective resource allocation and improve outcomes for children and families. Contributors examine the challenges of applying experimental methods in complex and sensitive circumstances, considering alternatives to randomisation such as quasi-experimental designs. Ultimately, the book reflects on novel ways of implementing more effective and informative trials, emphasising the crucial role of robust evidence in guiding policy and practice in children's social care.

Experimental Methods and Children's Social Care is an essential resource for students and academics in social policy, social psychology, social work and family and gender studies. Its theoretical and practical coverage of RCTs will also greatly benefit policymakers and practitioners working in children's social care and child protection.

Many social policy texts examine specific social policy debates at a point in time and offer mostly technical interpretations of why existing or amended policies and programs have worked or not worked. In contrast, this text presents a comprehensive historical and political analysis of four policy areas where reform was achieved after many years of neglect.

Using a rich corpus of primary and secondary data, this is the first ever time that these four cases - covering discrete policy debates around young people transitioning from out-of-home care, medically supervised injecting facilities, social security payments for the unemployed, and compulsory income management - have been compared within an organized framework. For each of these policy areas, author Philip Mendes presents the long-term chronology of the public policy debates, the key arguments and evidence presented by researchers and advocacy groups in favour of policy reform, the strategies used by policy advocates, and the contrary arguments presented by governments and other bodies, as well as other factors which may have hindered or enabled policy change. Chronicling these cases where long-standing research evidence in favour of practice and policy reform suddenly achieved implementation and political impact when evidence finally trumped ideology, author Philip Mendes also describes the improved outcomes for disadvantaged groups and the wider community.

Arguing that governments should introduce policy development processes and networks that include active engagement with knowledge from domestic and global research studies, this is critical reading for scholars and policymakers internationally on the dynamics of policy initiatives, outcomes and reform.

The Invisible Influences on Decision-Making explores the often unseen factors that influence decision-making in both everyday life and various professional settings, with a particular focus on policing, medicine, education, and counselling.

Chitpin and Dougan present key findings and trends in decision-making research, then go on to explore the concept of indecisiveness before examining decision-making processes in these specific professions. The authors employ qualitative research methodologies, such as case studies and phenomenology, alongside social influence theories, to provide a nuanced and current understanding of decision-making within these fields. By incorporating perspectives from professionals, chapters aim to enhance public understanding and confidence in how decisions are made in these critical areas, especially within a Canadian context.

While there is existing literature on decision-making in community service professions, it often remains discipline specific. The Invisible Influences on Decision-Making addresses the need for more inter-professional and interdisciplinary research, highlighting the collaborative nature of these professions and the complexities of their decision-making processes. By integrating real professional examples with research and theory, this study offers a compelling and insightful narrative that will engage researchers, practitioners, and graduate students across various fields.

In an era where debates about public health research, policy, and practice are central to the wider socio-political discourse, this invaluable volume brings together key themes from the last 15 years of critical scholarship in and of public health.

The book provides both empirical examples and the conceptual tools for rethinking the role of public health in society, challenging the familiar biomedicalized and individualized discourse that has dominated throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Divided into nine chapters, it covers key topics such as complex systems of health determinants, evidence-making in public health, and the role of corporate actors and philanthropists. Reframing the field through local and global political lenses, New Directions in Critical Public Health: Health in Turbulent Times also integrates interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a truly holistic overview of this rapidly evolving area.

It will interest not only students and scholars of public health and the health sciences more widely, but also those in the fields of sociology, political and development studies, and economics.

Examining the fundamental relationship between housing and health, this perceptive volume illuminates how the health of those living with housing instability is affected by the day-to-day issues they face.

Based on a series of interviews with both those affected by this issue and health and social care practitioners, as well as ethnographic observations at multiple sites of a health care centre, this book examines how housing instability shapes both the health services that people are able to access and their own approach to self-care. It highlights how housing instability is inextricably linked to poorer health outcomes, and suggests how individual, collective, and institutional practices can be reimagined to address the disparity between those with and without a stable home.

This book will interest scholars and students across the Sociology of Health and Illness, Social Work, Public Health, and Social Policy, as well as practitioners in this field.

This book offers examinations from the field of fat studies to consider how fat social justice has been conceptualized in the past, its status today, and how we might more effectively envision and strategize around fat social justice for the future.

For decades, fatness has been decried as a global public health scourge, crisis, and epidemic. An array of dietary, exercise, surgical, behavioral, psychological, interpersonal, and pharmaceutical interventions have been amassed with the aim of diminishing bodily fat, to no long- term avail. Alongside this costly array of interventions are myriad empirical research studies demonstrating the profound consequences of anti- fat social stigma and bias across nearly every facet of social life today. Even as representation of some fat bodies slowly begins to expand, the largest fat people experience increasing social isolation, broad lack of access, care refusals, and public ridicule. Fatness is intersectionally experienced, producing variable outcomes for individuals and groups of people who live at these intersections, and few legal protections exist to protect fat people from fatphobia, anti- fat stigma, and discrimination.

The contributions to this book offer reflections, provocations, and possibilities for next steps in the fight toward fat social justice today. One of the themes that recurs across many of the pieces herein is the need to better attend to intersections of identity, embodiment, and experiences in the lives of fat people today. A second theme is ensuring greater focus on multiply- marginalized fat people and groups in order to develop better and more effective approaches for working toward fat social justice for all fat people. Finally, all of the work herein attests to the power of fat people to form alliances, initiatives, self- concepts, and communities that serve to empower and affirm their dignity, worth, and to underline their deservingness of freedom from discrimination, stigma, and oppression. This book was originally published as a special issue of Fat Studies.

This book uses the concept of "learning disability" to explore what it means to be human. It argues that we need to learn with rather than from or about learning disability. This crucial distinction means being open to what learning disability can teach us about what it means to be human. This approach comes from recognising learning disability as an organising concept - a concept which radically transforms our sense of what it means to be - or not be - a person.

After reflecting on the author's relationship to learning disability, the book explores relationships and tensions between conceptualisations of learning disability and of the human. Through historical ontology, the book initially examines how the phenomenon of "learning disability" came into being. It then explores ways in which the concept of learning disability has, over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, radically transformed our sense not only of education and learning, but also of who is or is not deemed entitled to full citizenship and the associated rights, and so who is or is not fully human.

Each chapter of the book exposes tensions and contradictions apparent in the ways we tend to think about personhood and learning disability, illuminating them through a series a binary oppositions: human and not fully human; menacing and vulnerable; controlled and abandoned; capable and incapable; human and posthuman.

The book concludes by drawing together these tensions and contradictions to challenge the prevailing metanarrative of disability and make the case for a more inclusive conceptualisation of what it means to be human.

It will be of interest to all scholars and students of disability studies, the history of learning disability, humanism and posthumanism, and learning disability advocacy.

With a focus on the way the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfolded in Pakistan, this book casts a critical light on the unique experiences and responses of individuals, community and government. It critically examines how these diverse actors made sense of and navigated the outbreak of disease. The author reveals differing perspectives and multiple narratives that emerged at various levels. The chapters situate the spread of rumors, conspiracy theories, and new social rituals within micro- and/or macro-contexts, and describe the interplay between the virus and various institutionalized forms of inequities and structural vulnerabilities. Touching on socio-cultural, economic, and (geo-)political contexts that make Pakistan a unique case study, the book relates to the past, describes and analyzes the Covidian present, and offers futuristic implications. It enlists distinct imaginaries based on current understandings of an extraordinary challenge that holds significant importance for our human future. Constructing the Pandemic in Pakistan will interest scholars of anthropology, sociology, and the Global South as well as those working in the domains of global and public health.

Internationally there is a growing awareness that domestic, family, and sexual violence is a social issue that results from social structures and relational contexts that have positioned women as 'less than' men. Alongside this growing awareness has come social action by women and their allies that aim to change these social and relational structures using an intersectional framing of oppression.

People with disabilities, especially people with an intellectual disability, have been largely excluded from this social action. However, for decades they have been challenging the oppressive social and relational structures that frame them as 'of less value' than 'non-disabled' people. Aligned with this self-advocacy are social ecological models that look systemically to understand why interpersonal violence occurs and to prevent violence. This book introduces a unique 'flipped' social ecological model and applies it to approaches from across the world that are working from the societal, community, relationship, and individual levels to challenge the 'vulnerable victim' discourse through positioning people with intellectual and other disabilities as social change agents shaping their safer lives.

Divided into six chapters and providing case-examples from Australia, the United States, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, and the Global South, this book profiles work done by government and community-based anti-violence service sectors in partnership with people with intellectual disability and their allies, as well as work on sexuality rights and disability advocacy that is contributing to the social effort to prevent interpersonal violence against people with an intellectual disability.

It is a must-read resource for anyone doing interpersonal violence prevention research and work and can be used as primary or supplemental reading for students doing coursework and research in disability studies, gender studies, community psychology, sociology, public health, and social work.

This book provides essential knowledge and tools for home visitors and other parent-facing professionals to build trusting relationships with pregnant and postpartum clients, in order to provide them with the information, guidance, resources, and signposting they need to avoid adverse health outcomes. Adverse health outcomes as a result of pregnancy and birth affect millions each year, affecting physical and mental health - and in some cases resulting in death. Due to bias and persistent socioeconomic disparities, certain groups are more at risk for these poor outcomes.

Sitting within a social determinants of health framework, this practical guide summarizes the most relevant research and translates it into action steps. Each chapter will address a key issue related to morbidity and mortality in relation to pregnancy and birth, including statistics, key definitions, and discussion of risk factors, protective factors and disparities. Case studies, reflective questions, and recommendations make it straightforward for the reader to apply the learning to their own practice.

This book is an invaluable resource for all those health, community, and social service providers, including home visitors, who work with families, parents to be, and new parents.

This book examines the concept of retirement, how it has changed, and what the future holds for the next generation of retirees.

The book analyses government data and university surveys of more than 1,000 retirees in Australia and 4,000 retirees in Sweden, as well as in-depth interviews with retirees in each country. It demonstrates that while both countries have differences in their retirement policies and practices, as well as the outcomes for retirees, the process of retirement is undergoing change in both countries as people retire at a range of ages, but often then re-enter the workforce for various reasons. The book proposes four distinctive post-retirement orientations: Stayers, Leavers, Blenders and Disengaged retirees. It then discusses how individuals, employers and governments are responding to the challenges of 'retiring in a new age', suggesting policies and a new social contract for retirees that addresses their needs for economic security, physical and mental health, as well as engagement with the wider community.

A book of keen interest to scholars of employment and work relations, human resource management, as well as labour economics. Policymakers and students interested in employment issues that affect economic and social equality will also find the book's framework fit for use. A full set of interview transcripts and discussion questions is available on the Routledge webpage for download: www.routledge.com/9781041118329

Offering Southern feminist assessments of detailed case studies from 12 countries, this open access book provides crucial insights into the gendered repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on macroeconomics, labour, migration and human mobilities, and care and social protection throughout the Global South.

Using DAWN's interlinkages approach, the chapters provide a comprehensive and intersectional perspective on how the pandemic affected, and continues to affect people, especially women and girls of different ages, gender identity and sexual orientation, class, race, ethnicity, citizenship and migration status.

Written by Southern feminist academics, activists and thinkers across Asia, Africa, the Carribbean, Latin America, and the Pacific, the volume highlights how the pandemic was often used as an opportunity to create periods of exception that compromised democratic processes. Contributors pay special attention to the opportunities for transformative practices that emerged during the pandemic, highlighting the role of resistance and social mobilization. By bringing to light important new forms of resistance the chapters make important interventions into critical debates on the role of the state, the market, civil society, and grassroots organizing in addressing pandemics, other complex crises, and their aftermaths.

This volume ultimately challenges dominant narratives that overlook the gendered implications of crises, and in doing so provides an original, feminist analytical framework for understanding policy trends shaping realities the world over - one that offers concrete policy and practice recommendations for fostering southern-based feminist and social justice.

The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN).

Writings on health and health management have long been concerned with the great figures that have preserved, protected or extended life. From Hippocrates and Galen to Vesalius, Lister, Mengele, Pasteur, Jenner and Fleming, these writings have celebrated individuals whose knowledge and practice has treated our ills and sought to better manage our care. For the most part, this has been a history of 'great men' [sic]. There are honourable mentions for a small number of women such as Elizabeth Blackwell or Florence Nightingale but, by and large, one would be forgiven for assuming that the management of health has nearly always been the preserve of men. The contribution of women is largely absent - written out.

This book contributes to the process of writing women back into our shared history and understanding of health and its management. Its chapters detail how women have been the main healers for communities across the globe for over four millennia. It considers the manner in which 'wise women' who used their knowledge of herbs, ritual and healing were excluded from emerging medical professions, while their good works were written over and written out of local histories through their marginalisation and repositioning. More positively, it brings to our attention inspiring women who have shaped the ways in which we develop and deliver health in its broadest sense. Drawing on the work of women from Kenya, Nigeria, Hawaii, Tuerkiye, USA, Ireland and the UK, and from disciplines that span medicine, social work, mental health, health promotion, occupational therapy, midwifery, pharmacology and traditional healing, the women considered in this volume advance our understanding of alternative ways of developing, delivering and managing health. This includes organising services for areas of neglected health (e.g. women's health, health prevention, rural populations), tackling contentious health issues (e.g. female genital mutilation, management of mental disorders) and the care of health providers themselves (e.g. providing space for women to practice, managing the mental well-being of healthcare workers). This book also shows how the work of these women went beyond health management to influence political and societal change.

Moral Panics and Social Control in the COVID-19 Pandemic presents a series of case studies which focus on particular social processes and interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic, applying the tools offered by classical studies on moral panic and moral panic theory to illuminate both political and popular responses.

Each case study explores the emergence, development, and impact of forms of moral panic in response to the coronavirus outbreak. In doing so, each chapter addresses the intersectional impact of moral panics upon vulnerable and/or stigmatized groups and outlines how moral panics have informed policies, interventions, and social mechanisms introduced by governments. Incorporating case studies from across the globe and drawing upon approaches from different disciplines, the chapters in this volume offer a wide-ranging and multi-faceted analysis of the varying responses to the coronavirus outbreak.

The book highlights aspects of interest for students and scholars in the social sciences, educators, policymakers, and practitioners with an interest in moral panics, responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and mechanisms of social control.

As the global population surges, the challenge of feeding the world becomes increasingly urgent. Meeting this demand requires doubling crop yields and delivering safe, nutritious, and affordable food, but current agricultural practices fall short in combating malnutrition, climate change impacts, and the decline in food diversity.

Next-Generation Food Crops for Human Health delves into the advances in genetic and genomic research that are revolutionizing the development of productive, nutrient-dense food crops. It presents insights into tools including high-throughput phenomics, DNA sequencing, and genomic selection, which enable scientists to discover functionally characterized genes and enhance staple crops, such as grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and oil crops. By leveraging these technologies, researchers are creating a new generation of foods that optimize essential nutrients, from complex carbohydrates and proteins to vitamins and bioactive compounds.

A volume in the Nextgen Agriculture: Novel Concepts and Innovative Strategies series, this book is valuable to graduate and postgraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and policymakers working toward improving nutritional security worldwide.

This book offers a comprehensive account of how uncertainty is tackled in medicine and the health sciences. Olaf Dammann explores recent accounts of medicine as ineffective and suggests that the impression that medicine does not achieve its goal is, at least in part, due to the aleatoric (natural) uncertainty of biomedical processes and the subsequent epistemic (cognitive) uncertainty of those who desire solid information about such processes. Dammann shows how concepts like inference, explanation, and causometry help mitigate this disconnect. He points toward the possibility that some of the statistically rigid and formalized approaches (such as the randomized controlled trial as the gold standard for the justification of medical interventions) might better be replaced by approaches that emphasize the coherence of evidence and the people's needs for helpful health interventions (auxiliarianism).