社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book, dealing with social policy in Southern Africa, offers a comprehensive collection of possible social policy-based interventions in Southern Africa's socio-economic and development realities, starting with the history or background to existing social policies and ultimately proposing the kinds of social policies that are ideal for Southern African countries.

Southern Africa as a sub-region has a political history and socio-economic profile that allows a focused study of the sub-region, particularly in relation to socio-economic transformation. The sub-region has been shaped by complex experiences of the various groups over millennia, and the borders are a reflection of events of the colonial era which lasted well into the 20th century. Southern African countries have struggled with socio-economic development. The lack of comprehensive social policies in the sub-region is among the chief reasons for poor socio-economic development outcomes in the sub-region with progress hindered by widespread poverty, rising inequality, massive youth unemployment, female marginalization, and deficits in domestic productivity, competitiveness, value addition, infrastructure, and development planning.

Demonstrating how social policy can confront the basic challenges of development in agriculture and the informal sector and showing both the theoretical and practical applicability of social policy in Southern Africa, particularly with regard to responding to contemporary regional challenges such as climate change, war and conflict, and pandemics, this book is necessary reading for all scholars and students of African politics, social policy, and socio-economic development broadly.

Bringing together key concepts such as social capital, human capital, reciprocity and volunteerism, this Handbook investigates how civil society shapes and is influenced by shifting social policies and societal transformations. It provides a multidimensional perspective on welfare provision across diverse contexts including the long-term care of older people, disability policy and the influence of NGOs on social policy. Chapters incorporate a comprehensive discussion of civil society's role, clearly mapping the tensions between voluntary initiatives and the broader involvement of the state and society in social policy. This Handbook equips readers with the conceptual tools and empirical knowledge needed to engage critically with ongoing debates and developments in these fields.

This Handbook is a vital resource for students and scholars of social policy, political science and sociology, as well as academics studying the welfare state. Its valuable insights will also benefit practitioners in welfare and social policy.

Exploring the intertwined histories of hormonal contraception and population anxiety, in Demographic Desires: Medicine, Media, and Emergency Contraception in India, Appleton shows how historic discourses and practices of 'family planning' remerge as desires of the Indian state and Indian women. In examining the relationship(s) between demographic desires of a nation, reproductive justice on the ground, and women's everyday material conditions, in this book, Appleton posits that under neoliberal regimes of 'empowered consumerism' Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs) introduced as non-prescription pills in 2005 bring histories of demographic control projects and demographic anxieties into the present.

The book highlights nuances of demographic realities which are co-constituted through historical and contemporary narratives, media images, public policy, and medical discourse. Addressing recurring questions about demography, women's reproductive justice, and the visual manifestations of neoliberal aspirations of Indians, this book contributes to conversations that provide an 'alter-narrative' to demographic anxieties. Appleton proposes that demographic desires exist not in opposition to demographic anxiety, but rather as vital adjacent project.

Demographic Desires brings together debates in medical anthropology, media and cultural studies, and a feminist engagement on the medical, scientific, and cultural to showcase the myriad ways emergency contraception in India offers new opportunities for complicating the relationship between contraception, mediated medicine, and demography.

Drawing on comparative global data, the authors contend that nuanced, targeted strategies frequently yielded better results than strict lockdowns. They explore responses to previous pandemics, demonstrating how softer policies such as increased hygiene measures, selective restrictions and targeted mask mandates could have led to comparable or even improved health outcomes and reduced death rates. Chapters cover key themes including the high concentration of Covid-19 deaths among the elderly, the inadequate protection of care home residents and the disproportionate burden on small businesses and lower-income populations. The book also investigates how political, academic and media discourses influenced policy decisions, underscoring the vital role of democratic debate and historically informed decision-making.

How to Manage Covid-19 and Other Pandemics is a beneficial resource for scholars and students of behavioural and experimental economics, economic health, psychology and public policy. It is also a crucial read for policymakers and public health advisors looking to understand efficient pandemic management.

This forward-thinking Research Agenda explores the increasingly prevalent role that biomedical technologies are playing in healthcare and everyday life. Leading global experts from across sociology, anthropology, political science, science and technology studies, socio-linguistics and law investigate how society and biomedical technologies interact and how scientific innovations can be shaped for public benefit.

Bringing together theory, methodological innovation, and empirical observations from many parts of the world, contributors provide a roadmap for future scholarship. Chapters examine contemporary developments in healthcare and how they challenge embedded practices and organisational forms, taking into consideration theoretical perspectives such as inequalities, feminist values, open innovation, healthcare readiness and bio-citizenship. The Research Agenda also tackles societal and ethical aspects of biomedical innovations including: new forms of patient groups; widening pharmaceutical industry participation; therapeutic safety regulation; vaccine side-effect data; digital mental health; health climate consequences; expansion of genomic testing; cancer cell therapy; psychedelics; and antimicrobial resistance.

Students and scholars alike will benefit from this essential guide to future research in the multiple disciplines of biomedical social science and healthcare policy.

Utilizing archaeological, archival, and visual sources, this book reconsiders tobacco and smoking in the 17th-century Puritan colonies through the lens of religious beliefs and medical care.

Indigenous to the Americas and cultivated by Indigenous people for thousands of years, tobacco was introduced to Europeans in the 16th century. For Indigenous peoples in North and South America, tobacco was an important part of ceremonial life and was commonly used in healing. By the early 17th century, tobacco was found all over the globe. To keep pace with the high demand, Native American and African people labored on plantations in the Virginia colony to produce tobacco for the English world, including the Puritan colonies in the Northeast United States.

Readers may be surprised to learn that archaeological records document the popularity of smoking throughout 17th-century North America. In fact, tobacco pipes are ubiquitous in archaeological sites in the Atlantic East. While historical archaeologists have long talked about smoking in the Atlantic world, a discussion of the motivation behind early Colonial smoking is new. The assumption has been that smoking during this period was a leisure activity, but in the 17th-century Puritan world, smoking tobacco was often prescribed to alleviate numerous illnesses, as evidenced in the writings of physicians and ministers as well as pharmacopeia.

In this book, the presence of white clay tobacco pipes found in the archaeological record of Puritan colonies receives further scrutiny. For Puritans, drunkenness, excessive tobacco consumption, and conspicuous displays of prosperity were strictly forbidden. While laws in the Puritan colonies and the laws of Harvard College prohibited smoking as a form of licentious self-indulgence they did permit the medicinal use of smoking tobacco. When viewed through this lens, tobacco pipes can be viewed as an item of bodily care that addresses physical and metaphysical ailments.

This book seeks to build further links between (im)politeness research and autism by countering prevailing notions in pragmatics around autism and media portrayals of autistic characters through the lens of neurodiversity.

The volume explores the social, cognitive and emotional impact of perceptions of rudeness and autistic masking on autistic individuals and the need for pragmatics research to move away from existing theorisations and instead put neurodiversity at the fore. Jagodzinski locates this book's theoretical foundations in the work of Goffman, reconceptualising notions of face, facework and line around interpersonal dynamics from a neurodivergent perspective. Jagodzinski uses Polish television series Herkules, which stars an autistic character, as a springboard for showcasing a new pragmatic model for neurodivergent facework rooted in autistic unmasking, best understood as being motivated by the need to bid for interactional freedom that is then co-constructed with a neurotypical interlocutor. This book makes the case for introducing new language and perspectives in the way we describe autistic communication toward capturing pragmatic differences specific to the autistic community in an inclusive way.

This book will appeal to scholars in pragmatics, politeness studies, and language and communication, as well as those interested in interdisciplinary perspectives in autism research.

Expert contributors from across the globe present actionable insights on teaching a varied range of health psychology topics. They outline detailed lesson plans on key topics such as health promotion, health disparities, illness prevention and management, the social determinants of health, and healthcare policies and systems. Chapters cover student learning objectives, assessment strategies, and activities for both foundational and advanced material, suitable for in-depth health psychology courses or for brief, innovative activities within broader courses or units. Incorporating emerging methods such as the use of simulation and AI, this book provides educators with the necessary tools to cultivate research literacy in their students and to foster their learning in the field of health psychology.

Teaching Health Psychology is an essential resource for psychology educators looking to develop dedicated health psychology programmes, as well as educators across the social and behavioural sciences interested in integrating this crucial topic into their existing programmes.

Health and welfare are often analysed separately. This book combines understanding about health and health systems with analysis of the pathways welfare states have to promote improvements in quality of life and reduce pressure on the health care sector.

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• Investigates inequalities in health and healthcare and mechanisms for addressing these.
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• Establishes the link between health and societal development, and how health is a direct corollary to productivity and economic growth
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• Explores indicators for better health and how quality of life can be improved by welfare state intervention
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• Discusses the challenges facing the healthcare industry, including an ageing population, an increase in non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and diabetes, and a shortage of workers.

Assessing prevention and intervention strategies in conjunction with financing and management, this Concise Introduction is a fundamental resource for scholars and students of social policy, political science, and sociology. It is also a beneficial read for practitioners and policymakers in healthcare due to its forward-looking insights.

In this open access book, Matthew Greenslade sheds some much-needed light on the damage being done by the World Bank's insistence on pursuing a poverty-targeted approach to social protection in lower income countries, while also describing some of the successes in the grassroots fights for a more universal approach.
All this is organized around the true story of Stephen Kidd, an ex-missionary who cut his teeth fighting for indigenous land rights in Latin America, then survived an assassination attempt, and ultimately went on to be a leader in the global fight for universal social protection.
Nearly half of the world's population does not have access to the sorts of welfare and benefits programs that protect many people in the Global North. This means little to no protection in vulnerable times of life or against crises such as pandemics and climate-related events, and much less chance of building sustainable economies and the transition to low-carbon growth.
Incorporating perspectives from academia, NGOs and activists, Greenslade shows, through Kidd's story, how governments in the Global South are working to fill this gap, but all too often, World-Bank-led support from the Global North encourages poverty-targeted programmes that are error-strewn, can cause social unrest, and can ultimately set back the development of universal social protection systems for years.
Yet, as Greenslade also shows, collaborations among the United Nations, NGOs, academia, and practitioners such as Kidd are supporting Global South governments in pushing for more sustainable, home-grown, human-rights-aligned, universally available systems of social protection.
The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Act Church of Sweden.

Written in a clear and accessible manner, the book outlines which child welfare system reforms are likely to have the greatest benefit for at-risk and maltreated children and families. Chapters cover crucial debates and initiatives mapping the evolution of child welfare services in the US and presenting comparisons with other approaches to child welfare services across the globe. The authors adopt a chronological approach, from initial contact to case closings, beginning with the prevention of child maltreatment and extending through out-of-home care, with a particular emphasis on services to older youth. The book also considers how to approach issues stemming from the importance of understanding and addressing diversity in race, ethnicity, and culture among child welfare involved families and offers opportunities for the evolution of child welfare services.

Understanding Child Welfare is an illuminating read for students and scholars in social work, psychology, public health, and sociology. It is also a useful resource for practitioners, policymakers and other actors involved in child welfare services internationally.

This book aims to familiarise its readers with the current state of supervision in social work, provide them a common platform for reflection and action and thereby promote excellence in their respective learning, research and professional practice areas. Designed for social work students, social workers, human service professionals, researchers, community practitioners and academics, the underpinning value base and philosophy of this book is social justice, professional integrity, respect for persons and human rights with a focus on nurturing compassionate human service professionals in the sector.

Offering a contemporary approach, the book focuses on recent developments in supervision and professional development. Presenting an interface between academics and practice, the authors provide reflections, practice questions and activities related to the examples from the voices from the field, besides presenting different practice contexts and cultural lenses and considerations for cross cultural practice, including Indigenous supervision and practice issues. The book could be used as a text or handbook for effective supervision sessions across the helping professions.

This book will prove indispensable for academics, practitioners, supervisors and supervisees as well as postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of social work, counselling, psychology and education.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the psychology of a pandemic, with special focus on the Covid-19 crisis. It brings to focus, the factors that caused psychological vulnerabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic in India.

This volume discusses the psycho-social risk factors affecting individuals during large-scale health crises and studies the effects on their mental health, such as mass hysteria, anxiety, distress and chronic maladaptive behaviour which, when left unattended, can also lead to suicidal ideation. The book also suggests coping strategies, such as positive communication, defence mechanisms, recreations, self-talk techniques, happiness indexing, goal setting and other related dimensions. It elaborates on the skills needed to manage oneself during such crises and build a stronger and more resilient world.

This book will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers of psychology, positive psychology, well-being and sociology. It will also be of interest to psychologists, counsellors, mental health professionals and NGOs working for the elderly.

Critical reflection and reflective practice are at the heart of modern healthcare. But what do these terms really mean?

This textbook analyses and explores the significance of reflection in professional health and social care practice. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book presents a structured method that empowers you to both challenge and develop your own practice.

New to this edition:
- Updated to reflect global developments in contemporary understandings of reflective practice
- A brand-new chapter on reflective and reflexive practice
- Engaging chapter exercises and 'key takeaway' features to reinforce and support learning

Containing real-life case studies and reflective activities, this book is an essential guide to critical reflection for all students, academics and practitioners alike, enhancing both personal and professional development.

Discover the field of health geography, which seeks to better understand the causes, spread, and mitigation of disease through the study of geographic factors.

The Geography of Disease opens with an introduction that explains what medical geography is and why geography can be an important factor in studying health. The book is organized into five main sections: Ecology and Disease, Population Health and Well-Being, Social Determinants of and Policy Impacts on Health, Globalization and Public Health, and Spatial Technology and Public Health. Each section begins with a broad overview of the topic, followed by a series of relevant essays. Essays focus on specific examples that bring the book's core concepts to life. Sidebars augment the main text, providing additional, high-interest content.

Combining theoretical contributions, comparative studies and Finnish case analyses, the book provides fresh insights into how interventions can generate long-term benefits for individuals and society. It offers researchers, policymakers, and practitioners a timely perspective on renewing and strengthening welfare states in the Nordic region and beyond.

An essential resource for scholars and students in comparative social policy, welfare states, inequality and sociology, Beyond the Nordic Welfare State also offers policymakers and practitioners practical evidence-based tools for designing and working in efficient and equitable welfare systems.

This Research Handbook contains practical information on how to create a healthy and safe environment for older workers across different sectors, based on case studies and early intervention research. Pairing empirical investigations and theoretical perspectives, authors analyze how aging affects work ability, occupational health, and safety in the workplace. Topics covered include international rules and regulations on aging, the role of age in remote and hybrid work, and a recipe for successful aging. Ultimately, it sheds light on the importance of diversity and inclusion in the workplace as older workers comprise a substantial part of the workforce.

This Research Handbook is an important read for scholars and students of human resource management, organizational and occupational psychology, and sociology and social policy. It is also a beneficial resource for employers, employees, and policymakers.

In The Political Economy of Welfare in Latin America, Ferre uses mixed methods to explore how, despite progress in other areas, equity in welfare has deteriorated across Latin America over the 21st century. Chapters feature comparative historical analysis of health and pension reforms in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, highlighting crises of legitimacy and the relation of forces between classes as key factors influencing progressive structural reforms. Ferre proposes a neo-Marxist theoretical framework that integrates state theory, class struggle, and the influence of business power, offering an innovative critical perspective on the key determinants of social policy change.

This is an essential resource for students and academics in sociology, political science, public policy, economics, and Latin American studies. It is also an enlightening read for practitioners, policymakers, and advocates seeking to understand the dynamics of social policy reform in middle-income countries.

This book is a first-hand account of how India's COVID-19 Vaccine Program successfully delivered over a billion jabs in less than two years. The authors, in an engaging manner, reveal to the readers those critical levers that led to this phenomenal accomplishment and drew the world's attention to India. Based on interactions with the key people involved in this mega-crisis time management, it lays bare the strategies and actions that led to the purposeful indigenization of supply chains despite regulatory complexities, time and resource constraints.

The book describes the entire process as it happened, starting from the formation of national expert groups, development of the vaccines and approval processes - including the masterstroke of rolling reviews. The book also presents aspects that critically balanced speed with safety, the funding mechanisms, setting up and operationalizing of the cold chains, human resource mobilization, technology leveraging in the form of apps, public perception management to overcome vaccine hesitancy up to the facility management for final jabs. The authors also identify critical systemic bottlenecks and discuss the recipe for a new normal of decision-making.

The book argues that this large-scale disaster management program was successful because leadership did not get confined to a single individual. Instead it got 'distributed' and empowered people at various levels to make, own and execute context-specific decisions - demonstrating a rare, but inspiring model of collective action.

A masterclass of adaptive governance and agile management, this book will be essential reading for management and health professionals, public administrators, business leaders, managers who want to lead successful teams as well as those generally interested in how policy processes work in real time.

Emphasising the vulnerability and interdependence of humans, care ethics has emerged in recent years as a powerful alternative to dominant modes of thinking in moral philosophy. Bringing together the theoretical and applied dimensions of care ethics, this pioneering volume provides an authoritative overview of what care ethics is and the contributions it can make to pressing contemporary problems.

Divided into two parts, Part I of The Bloomsbury Handbook of Care Ethics traces the development of care ethics, how it interacts with other central components of moral reasoning, such as freedom and normative justification, and the ongoing discussions among care ethicists about the direction, scope and underlying mechanisms of the theory. Part II then showcases the varied contributions care ethics can make to key areas of applied philosophy and to research in the social sciences, from disability and care, medical ethics and feminist ethics to timely issues such as maternity care and public administration.

With an international team of experts providing interdisciplinary approaches to care, this is the place to start if you want to gain an in-depth insight into the field of care ethics and its crucial role in addressing worldwide vulnerabilities.

This is the second edition of Springer's first wide-ranging, multi-authored handbook on philosophy of medicine. It covers the underlying conceptual issues of many important social, political and ethical issues in health care and, as such, provides a single source of information for this far-ranging and still developing field. This new edition of this authoritative handbook includes topics that have gained momentum in the last couple of years. This second edition introduces and develops nearly one hundred topics, concepts, and issues in the field. It is written by distinguished specialists from multiple disciplines, including philosophy, health sciences, nursing, sociology, political theory, and medicine.

Many complicated social and ethical issues in health care are based on conceptual problems, most prominently on the definitions of health and disease, or on epistemological issues regarding causality or diagnosis. Philosophy is the discipline that deals with such conceptual, metaphysical, epistemological, methodological, and axiological matters. This handbook covers all the central concepts in medicine, such as ageing, death, disease, mental disorder, and well-being. It is an invaluable resource for health care specialists who want to be informed and stay up to date with the relevant discussions, as well as philosophers and ethicists with an interest in medicine, and members of the general public with an interest in health care and related issues. The text also advances these debates and sets the agenda for years to come.