社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book explores India's socio-economic landscape, highlighting the critical role of inclusive policies in driving growth and well-being. It underscores the significant connection between SDGs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 by integrating chapters from diverse perspectives to establish this association. Focusing on evolving trends and patterns, this book examines how India's policy formulation and program implementation have been strategically aligned with health and development goals, ensuring coordinated efforts across these critical domains. Contributions in this book provide an in-depth analysis of paradigm shifts in population and health. This book offers a nuanced exploration of the dual burden of disease and the challenges posed by an under-resourced healthcare system, advancements in maternal and child health, immunization, and public health campaigns. It also discusses persistent issues such as maternal mortality and malnutrition, which remain at the forefront of India's developmental challenges. This book offers valuable insights for students, researchers, and policymakers. It provides diverse research perspectives that illuminate India's unique challenges and opportunities. It also offers lessons for other developing nations navigating similar paths.

This open access volume analyses the conditions needed for greater participation of children in social change and development, focusing on Nordic countries. With the idea that citizens of future societies are best placed to envisage their ideal future, and that societies must receive children's trust and participation, the volume looks at existing social, legal, and economic norms, and discusses the various challenges at the institutional and societal levels in involving children. The contributions consider the perspective of children and of other actors in the process. The editors and authors begin with the premise that the lack of a functioning collaboration between children as actors and institutional actors who are supposed to work with/for children can lead to serious consequences, such as a lack of trust in society's representatives and in the legitimacy of legislation. The volume draws empirical evidence and discussion points from cases of children's participation in family litigation, school regulations and related areas in various Nordic countries. It therefore shows the path to the rest of the world towards a more equitable and just future involving children's active participation in their and society's future.

This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted landscape of hearing loss. It offers a holistic exploration of hearing loss, catering to a wide audience including healthcare professionals, audiologists, educators, researchers, caregivers, people affected by hearing loss, and advocates. Its primary aim is to delve into the diverse perspectives, challenges, and strategies associated with hearing loss, providing evidence-based insights and practical approaches to enhance the quality of life for people with hearing impairment.

Structured for a comprehensive examination, this book navigates through foundational concepts including the physiology of hearing, causes, classifications, and diagnostic aspects of hearing loss. It progresses to explore psychological, social, educational, technological, and rehabilitative dimensions related to hearing impairment. The content encompasses chapters addressing societal attitudes, accessibility, assistive technology, inclusive education, communication strategies, rehabilitation practices, and advocacy efforts. Each chapter aims to present a blend of theoretical insights, current research findings, and actionable strategies, ensuring relevance and applicability across various fields involved in supporting individuals with hearing loss.

The topic of understanding hearing loss holds paramount importance in contemporary times due to evolving societal attitudes, technological advancements, and an increased focus on inclusivity and accessibility. Hearing loss affects millions worldwide, impacting communication, education, employment, and social interactions. This book addresses the critical need for comprehensive resources that encompass diverse perspectives and evidence-based strategies to support people impacted by hearing loss. Its significance lies in equipping professionals, caregivers, and advocates with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the challenges associated with hearing impairment effectively. The primary audience would find immense value in this book due to its holistic approach, evidence-based insights, practical strategies, and relevance across multiple disciplines involved in addressing hearing loss.

This book explores the Local Government Board (LGB) Medical Department's work, successes, and failures throughout its forty-eight-year life and assesses its influence on public health administration in England and Wales. Earlier generations of public health historians have substantially dismissed the Department as being too small to be effective and too lacking in authority to have an impact. More recently a growing number of scholars have challenged this view. This book continues this reappraisal, identifying the influence of the Department on Victorian and Edwardian epidemiology and public health management and its success in protecting Britain from epidemic and endemic infectious disease in a pre-antibiotic era. The Medical Department's small team of doctors provided expertise, encouragement, leadership, and challenge in the management of public health and the struggle against infectious disease in Britain and beyond. Blending a chronological approach with a thematic focus in each chapter to chart the evolution of the LGB Medical Department, the author uses case studies of selected medical inspections to explore the Department's work at various stages in its life. Analysing both national and local archive materials to explore the Medical Department's work and influence in its contemporary contexts, this book offers fresh insights into the relationships between central and local government as well as revealing the significant impact of its expert staff on the development of public health administration in England and Wales.

One in four Canadians will experience a mental health problem or mental illness in their lifetime. Research suggests that Deaf Sign Language users have an increased burden of mental health problems for reasons including lack of professional awareness and understanding of this cultural and linguistic minority community, early and adverse childhood communication experiences, and language access barriers to existing mental health services and supports.

Titled "Deaf Mental Health; From Theory to Practice" this text assumes a population health approach. Using a human rights and social justice lens, the aim of this text is to inform and educate. It begins by introducing Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and DeafBlind identities and factors that may impact comprehensive mental health assessment and practice. Be the reader a post-secondary student from a professional or allied field, or a practicing professional with little prior experience working with the Deaf community, the chapters in this text will inform and educate on a variety of topic areas. A note to the reader: terminology used to describe members of this heterogeneous community within chapters will vary, based on author preference, and/or their field of study. Authors clarify the terminology used in their chapters to assist the reader. Readers are reminded however, that irrespective of one's professional preference, interactions with clients or members of the Deaf, Hard of Hearing or DeafBlind communities must be conducted with respect for the identity and language preferences of the person in front of you. This text concludes with a proposal for a Deaf Mental Health Strategy that expands Canada's Mental Health Strategy in a way that respectfully meets the needs of Deaf and Hard of Hearing individuals while promoting social inclusion and non-discrimination.

This book paints a vivid picture of caregiving for the elderly throughout history, using the innovative concept of a 'carerscape'. Inspired by Appadurai's 'ethnoscape', this framework highlights diverse aspects of caregiving across time and cultures. From kin and household members to spiritual, legal, and community-based systems, the book explores the evolution of care. Chapters delve into prehistoric caregiving practices, drawing on paleontological findings, and examine the roles of spirituality and legality in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The communal spirit of early Christianity and parish care in medieval times are explored, alongside personal narratives from nineteenth-century America. The book also considers representations of ageing and care in folklore, fiction, and media. Concluding with a discussion on modern caregiving, the 'carerscape' is reimagined through the lens of these historical insights, culminating in a reflection on how different countries now recognise the vital role of caregivers. This comprehensive book is essential for scholars of history, anthropology, and social care, as well as practitioners and policy-makers interested in the evolution of caregiving. It offers a rich tapestry of insights for anyone seeking to understand the complex dynamics of care across cultures and eras.

How vaccine hesitancy can be understood as religious expression

Vaccine hesitancy in America didn't begin with the uproar over the mRNA vaccines for Covid-19. The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries saw resistance to a wide variety of vaccines. In Unvaccinated Under God, Kira Ganga Kieffer shows that debates over vaccine safety and mandatory vaccination were about more than diseases or injections. They have been proxies for existential concerns about justice and morality. Kieffer argues that vaccine hesitancy in the U.S. should be understood as religious expression-not as the product of scientific misinformation.

Through a series of historical case studies, which range from the "mother warriors" who claimed a link between the MMR vaccine and autism during the 1990s to opposition to masking and vaccines during the Covid-19 pandemic, Kieffer frames vaccination controversies as contests over religious freedom and moral authority. These debates concerned bodily, spiritual, and sexual purity; the morality of state-mandated medical risk; the importance of children; and the authority of parents and doctors. Kieffer explains that diverse groups of Americans utilized religious ideals and practices to question or resist vaccination. With this new, illuminating perspective on vaccine hesitancy, Kieffer offers a novel and even-handed way to understand Americans' changing and increasingly divided attitudes toward biomedical knowledge and technology. Her account offers readers an accessible set of tools for how to "think with religion" when it comes to contemporary contests over medical authority.

This book presents public health as a method-driven integrative discipline, a dynamic field of science and practice, shaped by the interplay of knowledge, power and ideology. Global in scope and written from the perspective of those engaged in public health policy and implementation, it draws its deepest lessons from diverse, resource-poor settings to generate grounded insights and innovative analytical frameworks for understanding common and complex challenges.

Section I of the book unpacks the definitions and theoretical approaches to public health, including the biomedical, social and behavioural questions of political economy as they relate to each other in the era of globalisation. Section II takes up disease control programmes, illustrating how knowledge of epidemiology, health systems and political context come together to shape the programmes and their outcomes. Section III then focuses on the cross-cutting puzzles and problematics of organising healthcare and strengthening health systems, including financing, governance, informatics and building learning-adaptive systems in the 21st century.

The book will be useful to students, researchers and teachers of Public Health, Public Policy, Sociology, Social Work and Development Studies. This will also be an invaluable companion to policymakers, general administrators, activists in civil society, media persons, and agencies like World Health Organization (WHO) and other global health institutions as the book will provide a critical understanding of a wide variety of contemporary debates and issues in health policy.

This book provides a user-friendly guide to the impact of environmental design on individual and population health, as well as the relevant roles of social and behavioral factors. It explores how architecture, interior design, landscape architecture, and urban planning can contribute to a healthier, more equitable, and more resilient society. Employing an evidence-based and solution-oriented approach, it provides a much-needed textbook for environmental designers and public health professionals.

Written by a team of established experts, this book includes:

• An introduction to the concept of environmental design for health and the relevant roles of social and behavioral factors.
• An overview of important theories about human-environment relationships; environmental assessment, perception, and cognition; and health behavior.
• Discussions of how to design for physical, mental, and social health, covering various design disciplines and environmental scales.
• Overviews of more specialized topics, such as design for healing, design for active living, design for environmental justice, and design across the lifespan.
• Case studies involving a range of physical environments, including interiors and buildings, parks, urban spaces, and residential communities.
• A timely focus on emerging technology that affects design for health.
• An overview of integrating design and research for a healthier future.

It is essential reading for all environmental designers and public health professionals.

Digital technologies are essential to future-proof our health service. With an ageing population and the landscape of the post-pandemic world making increasing demands on an already-stretched human workforce, maximising the potential of a digital future is necessary. This book introduces the concepts and underpinning technology behind recent developments to give a snapshot of the state of the art in the field of digital health and provides information for clinicians at all levels of experience. The reader will gain insight into digital health in general, with clinical, technical and industrial insights providing context to the theory.

Key Features

• Defines the value that Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings to healthcare, resulting in improved clinical diagnosis and decision-making
• Enables not just imaging staff but other healthcare practitioners to extract the best ways of working with AI using the underpinning knowledge from this text

Chapters explore societal and institutional changes associated with ageing and the age structuring of society, as well as how ageing impacts individuals, families, and their changing roles and relationships. Leading experts in the field cover key topics including diversity and inequality, civic engagement, family and care relations, the impact of digitalisation, and globalisation and institutional perspectives. They offer a forward-looking analysis of the field, highlighting important case studies and empirical findings to signpost the future of sociology of ageing research.

This book is a valuable resource for students and academics in the fields of sociology, gerontology, and social policy. The Research Handbook on the Sociology of Ageing is also an insightful resource for policymakers and other stakeholders.

This book explores the undernutrition situation in India and its repercussions on the country's human capital, from a public policy practitioner's approach. It critically examines government policy since independence to the present time and foregrounds the issues that have led to the persistence of poor nutritional and health status among a large section of India's population. The volume traces the complex history of public nutrition and public policy in India, and presents a sound multi-sectoral, intergenerational strategy which addresses the root causes and has been successfully piloted, and can be scaled up across chronic undernutrition pockets of India.

A ground-up approach to policymaking and implementation, the book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of public nutrition/health, public administration and development studies. It will be of great professional use to policymakers, programmers and NGOs working in the public nutrition/health sector.

Stigma is examined through three levels of analysis - individual, microsocial, and structural - to evaluate its effects on the physical and mental health of various populations. These populations include individuals with mental illnesses, substance addictions, incarceration, homelessness, physical diseases, disabilities, or physical differences, and LGBTQ+ populations. Chapters also investigate stigmatization as a function of age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, ethnicity, and religion. Sussman traces the development of stigma assessment, examining research methods such as social distance scales, surveys, and qualitative approaches. Furthermore, Sussman identifies key barriers to reducing stigmatization, presenting solutions across multiple levels, including changes among stigmatized individuals, to those who stigmatize them, and broader structural reforms.

Understanding Stigma and Health is an invaluable resource for scholars and students across the social sciences, including those in the fields of social psychology, health psychology, health behavior research, sociology, social work, health policy, and public health.

Drawing on human capital theory and employment relations theory, Berg and Piszczek explain how different organizational stakeholders have varied goals for managing human capital against the background of an older workforce. They posit that the pursuit of these objectives via Human Resource Management practices is shaped by diverse influences spanning stakeholder power, the organization of work, and country-level institutions like retirement policy and collective bargaining. Ultimately, the book develops a framework for human capital management as a form of age management and adopts an employment relations approach that underlines multiple stakeholders and their interests.

This book is a crucial resource for scholars and students of business and management, human resource management, employment relations, and sociology and social policy. It is also a beneficial read for general managers for its practical guidance and breakdown of how institutional environments affect organizational policy.

Over the past 30 years, an ever-expanding community of global health actors have been intervening in the poorest parts of the world with the aim of combatting disease and improving health outcomes. While many global health programmes in the Global South have been successful in saving lives, their successes have often been compromised by poor coordination, inefficiency and a lack of alignment with national priorities.

This book outlines the deep historical and political dimensions of this fragmentation, using rural Zambia as a case study. In the name of global health, different actors produce and circulate radically different stories about how to improve health. These narratives not only contribute to a fragmented landscape of health provision but also create more subtle and pervasive forms of fragmentation in the everyday lives of health workers, patients and government officials. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in rural Zambia, this book examines three different global health interventions driven by differing stories of salvation, community and experimentation. Tracing the longer history of these stories, the book shows how they have failed to account for the realities of life in rural Zambia.

Providing an innovative and nuanced analysis of global health that challenges the idea of fragmentation as simply a technical problem, this book will be an important read for researchers of global health and African studies.

This book, dealing with social policy in Southern Africa, offers a comprehensive collection of possible social policy-based interventions in Southern Africa's socio-economic and development realities, starting with the history or background to existing social policies and ultimately proposing the kinds of social policies that are ideal for Southern African countries.

Southern Africa as a sub-region has a political history and socio-economic profile that allows a focused study of the sub-region, particularly in relation to socio-economic transformation. The sub-region has been shaped by complex experiences of the various groups over millennia, and the borders are a reflection of events of the colonial era which lasted well into the 20th century. Southern African countries have struggled with socio-economic development. The lack of comprehensive social policies in the sub-region is among the chief reasons for poor socio-economic development outcomes in the sub-region with progress hindered by widespread poverty, rising inequality, massive youth unemployment, female marginalization, and deficits in domestic productivity, competitiveness, value addition, infrastructure, and development planning.

Demonstrating how social policy can confront the basic challenges of development in agriculture and the informal sector and showing both the theoretical and practical applicability of social policy in Southern Africa, particularly with regard to responding to contemporary regional challenges such as climate change, war and conflict, and pandemics, this book is necessary reading for all scholars and students of African politics, social policy, and socio-economic development broadly.

This book is a first-hand account of how India's COVID-19 Vaccine Program successfully delivered over a billion jabs in less than two years. The authors, in an engaging manner, reveal to the readers those critical levers that led to this phenomenal accomplishment and drew the world's attention to India. Based on interactions with the key people involved in this mega-crisis time management, it lays bare the strategies and actions that led to the purposeful indigenization of supply chains despite regulatory complexities, time and resource constraints.

The book describes the entire process as it happened, starting from the formation of national expert groups, development of the vaccines and approval processes - including the masterstroke of rolling reviews. The book also presents aspects that critically balanced speed with safety, the funding mechanisms, setting up and operationalizing of the cold chains, human resource mobilization, technology leveraging in the form of apps, public perception management to overcome vaccine hesitancy up to the facility management for final jabs. The authors also identify critical systemic bottlenecks and discuss the recipe for a new normal of decision-making.

The book argues that this large-scale disaster management program was successful because leadership did not get confined to a single individual. Instead it got 'distributed' and empowered people at various levels to make, own and execute context-specific decisions - demonstrating a rare, but inspiring model of collective action.

A masterclass of adaptive governance and agile management, this book will be essential reading for management and health professionals, public administrators, business leaders, managers who want to lead successful teams as well as those generally interested in how policy processes work in real time.

This new book offers vital insights into the use of data analytics in social media for effective communication for health promotion and illness prevention and for healthcare information security, harnessing the power of data mining tools and techniques, artificial intelligence, and other advanced technologies.

The book discusses collecting information intelligently from social media, which has sparked the interest of the biomedical and health informatics communities. It shows how using consumer-generated data can improve the effectiveness of public health messages as well as for better healthcare outcomes while cutting costs. It looks at data mining and analytic tools with deep and machine learning technologies for the development of effective communication strategies, for the early detection of health conditions, for using social media for health promotion and disease prevention messages, and more.

The book covers digital issues in healthcare, such as cybersecurity threats and provides useful ways to manage these risks. It also looks at how mental health is portrayed in the media and the strength of social media activism movements, as seen by the #Stoptrolling movement. The COVID-19 epidemic highlighted the significance of clear, accurate, and timely communication in healthcare, and this book investigates how social media platforms played a critical role in sharing critical information during this worldwide disaster.

Intelligent Data Analytics in Media Communication to Improve Public Health Care provides a thorough and forward-thinking study of using today advanced technology for improving healthcare via the creative use of social media and technology.