社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

With family doctors increasingly overburdened, bureaucratized, and burned out, how can the field change before it's too late?

Over the past few decades, as American medical practice has become increasingly specialized, the number of generalists-doctors who care for the whole person-has plummeted. On paper, family medicine sounds noble; in practice, though, the field is so demanding in scope and substance, and the health system so favorable to specialists, that it cannot be fulfilled by most doctors.

In Searching for the Family Doctor, Timothy J. Hoff weaves together the early history of the family practice specialty in the United States with the personal narratives of modern-day family doctors. By formalizing this area of practice and instituting specialist-level training requirements, the originators of family practice hoped to increase respect for generalists, improve the pipeline of young medical graduates choosing primary care, and, in so doing, have a major positive impact on the way patients receive care. Drawing on in-depth interviews with fifty-five family doctors, Hoff shows us how these medical professionals have had their calling transformed not only by the indifferent acts of an unsupportive health care system but by the hand of their own medical specialty-a specialty that has chosen to pursue short- over long-term viability, conformity over uniqueness, and protectionism over collaboration. A specialty unable to innovate to keep its membership cohesive and focused on fulfilling the generalist ideal.

The family doctor, Hoff explains, was conceived of as a powered-up version of the "country doctor" idea. At a time when doctor-patient relationships are evaporating in the face of highly transactional, fast-food-style medical practice, this ideal seems both nostalgic and revolutionary. However, the realities of highly bureaucratic reimbursement and quality-of-care requirements, educational debt, and ongoing consolidation of the old-fashioned independent doctor's office into corporate health systems have stacked the deck against the altruists and true believers who are drawn to the profession of family practice. As more family doctors wind up working for big health care corporations, their career paths grow more parochial, balkanizing the specialty. Their work roles and professional identities are increasingly niche-oriented.

Exploring how to save primary care by giving family doctors a fighting chance to become the generalists we need in our lives, Searching for the Family Doctor is required reading for anyone interested in the troubled state of modern medicine.

As the COVID-19 crisis began to take shape, all eyes were on Italy, the first Western country to attempt a response to the deadly pandemic. For institutional decision makers and average citizens alike, it was a time of deep uncertainty. As scientists struggled to understand the nature of the virus and how it spread, the gradualness with which information became available caused only deeper uncertainty, as did the inevitable disagreements over which protective actions the government should put in place. Despite some initial delay in its response, the Italian government eventually implemented a nationwide lockdown, which helped control the spread of the disease but simultaneously created unintended consequences for vulnerable populations, like small business owners, women, the elderly, and workers living paycheck to paycheck.

Drawing on data surveys conducted during the transition between the first lockdown and staged reopening, this book examines people's risk perception and their willingness to trust the sources and channels of information that were available to them. It also looks at their attitudes toward the protective behaviors they were asked to adopt and the ways in which their own cultural worldviews impacted their support for pandemic response policies. With remarkable depth and candor, respondents reflected on what a post-COVID-19 Italy might look like, filling out the book with the hopes and fears of real people who had stared death in the face and lived to tell about it. The book looks ahead to possibilities for future research, policy, and practice. COVID-19 in Italy elaborates and tests several aspects of the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) in the Italian context, introducing the concept of ontological security and insecurity as an explanatory change factor to help interpret the Italian experience of responding to COVID-19.

Japan is the fastest aging country, with the largest super-aged society in the world and growing larger by the day, yet its universal health care costs are relatively low. In Health Insurance Politics in Japan, Takakazu Yamagishi draws back the curtain for an international audience and investigates how Japan has been able to control health care costs through health insurance politics.

Covering the period from the Meiji Restoration to the Abe Administration, Yamagishi uses a historical institutionalist approach to examine the driving force behind the development of health insurance policies in Japan. Yamagishi pays special attention to the roles of government and medical professionals, the main actors of the policymaking and medical worlds, in this development. Health Insurance Politics in Japan pushes Japan into the spotlight of the international conversation about health care reform.

This work explores the interplay of complexity and values in nurse education from a variety of vantages.

Contributors, who come from a range of international and disciplinary backgrounds, critically engage important and problematic topics that are under-investigated elsewhere. Taking an innovative approach each chapter is followed by one or more responses and, on occasion, a reply to responses. This novel dialogic feature of the work tests, animates, and enriches the arguments being presented. Thought-provoking, challenging and occasionally rumbustious in tone, this volume has something to say to both nurse educators (who may find cherished practices questioned) and students.

Given the breadth and nature of subjects covered, the book will also appeal to anyone concerned about and interested in nursing's professional development/trajectory.

This book explores theory and practice in the complex policy area of privately rented housing in England, with a particular focus on environmental and public health. Bringing together a range of both academic and practicing experts in the field, it responds to the rapid growth and changing nature of the sector and considers the range of options available to local authorities in ensuring more effective regulation strategies.

This book:

• Creates a key, up-to-date professional resource for housing regulation based on road-tested academic course material.
• Breaks down strategies and practices to an implementational level.
• Provides impetus to leaders, practitioners, and students to both deliver and reflect on improved regulation.
• Explores responses to various stakeholder needs through the lens of protecting and supporting tenants.

This book will interest professionals working in public health, housing, and local authorities, as well as environmental health and housing academia. Students across environmental health, social work, nursing, and other disciplines will also find this appealing.

This book examines the issue of disaster recovery in relation to community wellbeing and resilience, exploring the social, political, demographic and environmental changes in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima disaster.

The contributors reflect on the Fukushima disaster of earthquake, tsunami and radiation contamination and its impacts on society from an interdisciplinary perspective of the social sciences, critical public health, and the humanities. It focuses on four aspects, which form the sections of the work:

• Living with Risk and Uncertainty
• Vulnerability and Inequality
• Community Action, Engagement and Wellbeing
• Notes from the Field

The first three sections present research on the long-term consequences of the disaster on community health and wellbeing. These findings are enhanced and developed in the 'Notes from the Field' section where local practitioners from medicine and community recovery reflect on their experiences in relation to concepts developed in the previous sections.

This work significantly extends the literature on long-term wellbeing following disaster. The case study of Fukushima is a multi-faceted process that illuminates wider issues around post-disaster regeneration in Fukushima. This problem takes on new importance in the context of Covid-19, including direct parallels in the issues of risk measurement, social inequality, and wider wellbeing impacts, which public health disciplines can draw from.

• A thorough introduction to health promotion programs, including the historical context of health promotion, settings and stakeholders for health promotion programs, advisory boards, and technology disruption and opportunities for health promotion.
• Comprehensive explorations of health equity and social justice, including dicussions of vulnerable and underserved population groups, racial and ethnic disparities in health and minority group engagement.
• Practical discussions of theory in health promotion programs, including foundational theories and health promotion program planning models.
• In-depth examinations of health promotion program planning, including needs assessments and program support.

This accessible resource offers valuable guidance for all student and practising speech and language therapists (SLTs)who are working with older people with communication and swallowing difficulties. Chapters provide up-to-date theory on age-related changes alongside practical strategies for clinicians to use in their daily work, from help with mental capacity decisions to supporting older people with good palliative care.

Promoting a holistic approach for ageing well, this resource dispels myths that surround the ageing process while detailing the normal physiological and psychological effects of ageing on communication and swallowing, as well as diseases and conditions associated with older age, such as frailty.

Illustrated throughout with clinical case studies and helpful photocopiable resources to use in practice, this book is a key part of the tool kit for any speech and language therapist working with older adults.

Oral health is integral to wellbeing and quality of life. This important edited volume brings together leading scholars to address global oral health and the multiple ways in which theory, practice and discourse have shaped it in the modern period.

Structured around key themes, the book chapters draw on interdisciplinary perspectives in order to consider the role of the dental profession, the commercial sector, charities, the state, the media and patients in shaping oral health in the past and present. Collectively, the chapters consider the extent to which each of the studied groups and actors have sought to own and control the mouth. By adopting multiple perspectives, the book highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary work across the sciences, social sciences and humanities and provides a road map for a new interdisciplinary field focused on oral health and society.

Drawing on perspectives from dentistry, sociology, history and the wider humanities, this book will interest students and researchers of dentistry, public health, sociology of health and illness, the medical humanities and history.

Epidemic Risk Reduction: A Civil Protection Approach focuses on disaster risk reduction (DRR) relative to epidemic outbreak and the concept of civil protection and public safety. First and foremost, the primary role of public officials and agencies-including police, military, public health, and emergency management and response professionals-must be the safety and security of citizens. The book provides practical solutions and policies that can be enacted and instituted to protect human life and health as well as property and environment in the scope of human survival, providing essential services, and providing for peoples' basic needs.

The author examines epidemics as disasters, similar to natural hazards or other large-scale events that require planning, preparedness, mitigation, and response. The approach is unique in looking at tools for risk assessment and strategic planning formulated around civil protection measures as a means to reduce and mitigate risk. Often, preparedness and response planning is siloed with an epidemiological and medical response at the forefront. While absolutely important and essential, doing so-in conjunction with coordinated government efforts to provide necessary supplies, security, and logistics-is equally critical to meet the public's needs and provide a coordinated response.

Key Features:

• Examines the phenomenon of epidemics and hazards, explaining that they are often multi-hazard
• Provides public leaders with various considerations to meet the challenge of managing the complexity of various threat vectors
• Details universal terms and definitions-e.g., disaster, risk, and epidemic-using diagrams, illustrations, and analogies to clearly explain critical concepts
• Presents epidemic risk reduction strategies-based on the lead role that disaster, emergency management, and state/civil authorities need to play-focusing primarily on individual health and security

Epidemic Risk Reduction: A Civil Protection Approach establishes a common language which will help in overcoming barriers for more coordinated efforts focused on epidemic management and operational response. While drawing on current research, and based on theoretical knowledge, the book also provides practical examples from around the world that look at real-world response efforts. This includes recommendations on how politicians, crisis response personnel, emergency planners, and public administrators and health professionals can better plan and prepare for future epidemics.

How can we support children's and young people's mental wellbeing in a digital age?

Through a series of informative and thought-provoking case studies, this book explores how to enable children and young people to stay safe, happy and mentally healthy at a time when so much of their lives are spent online. Featuring contributions from across research and practice, with the voice of the child at its heart, the book offers simple, practical guidance for improving wellbeing based on real-world evidence. It will be essential reading for parents, carers and professionals working with children across a range of school and community settings.

Health services are among the most expensive and complex areas of social policy.

Using qualitative comparative analysis to explore 11 developed countries' health services, this volume considers the links between a range of different outcome measures and levels of funding, social determinants and different types of health expenditures. It also reflects on how those systems responded to the first wave of COVID-19.

This ambitious text identifies which underpinning factors are associated with the strongest outcomes, providing a rigorous account of health systems and health policies in the context of their wider economies and societies.