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In Measure for Measure, Shakespeare's severe justice Angelo urges the problems that might arise from a static conception of the law: 'We must not make a scarecrow of the law, setting it up to fear the birds of prey and let it keep one shape till custom make it their perch and not their terror' (2.1.1-4). Despite Angelo's temporary authority and corrupt nature, the play illustrates literature's ability to scrutinise the boundaries of legal power. Yet Shakespeare's contemporaries also viewed the legal realm as an instructive performance space, as John Holles advises his son that 'More instruction is to be had at the starr-chamber than at the globe.'

This dichotomy encapsulates the intricate connections between law and literature, considered in this volume by approaching law as literature and literature as law. The present book brings together legal and literary experts to explore these ideas, with perspectives from established academics, early career scholars, and postgraduate students. The chapters examine medieval chronicles, poems, legal treatises, early modern plays, novels, cases, handbooks, and more. Themes include law in literature, legal literature, law as performance, and literature as a legal medium.

The volume serves as an essential resource for academics seeking to enrich their understanding of the complex dynamics that shaped medieval and early modern societies. Its relevance to contemporary discussions surrounding interdisciplinary methodologies also positions the collection as an essential addition to the libraries of scholars and students interested in the ongoing dialogue between law and the humanities.

The emergence and consolidation of the so-called modern state was one of the most remarkable features of the early modern period and went hand in hand with the development of fiscal and financial systems.
This book explores the case of the Spanish Habsburgs who ruled over a vast collection of states and principalities in the burgeoning Spanish empire. In this edited volume, a cast of expert economic historians each explores the fiscal and financial systems created in the different territories of the Spanish Monarchy, including Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Spanish America, Portugal, the Italian States and the Southern Low Countries. While each of the components of this 'composite monarchy' laboriously created its own fiscal and financial apparatus, there are interesting similarities behind the at-first-sight impenetrable jungle of different fiscal and financial institutions which indicates more commonality than is sometimes assumed. Also, the medieval heritage of these fiscal systems did not preclude change and evolution, as the massive expansion of public credit in Portugal and Castile demonstrates. However, the chapters also provide convincing evidence to question the adequacy of the almighty fiscal state paradigm which dominates similar work on the Dutch and British empires and shows that a unified imperial fiscal and financial bureaucracy never existed. The book demonstrates that the imperial center consistently observed local privileges and rights while negotiating its mounting fiscal requests with the Empire's different cities, territories, and corporations separately.
This book will find ready readers among all those interested in European and American economic history, early modern history and the history of public finance.

This book offers a vivid account of women's religiosity in Italy between 1400 and 1550, a crucial period of spiritual ferment and ecclesiastical change. Rather than focusing solely on institutions, this book brings to light the many ways in which women sought religious authority, pursued holiness, and contributed to broader hopes for renewal within the Church.

It examines the relationship between prophetic and political power in Italian Renaissance courts. Starting from an examination of the "living saints," charismatic figures venerated by the people for their abstinence and by princes for their prophetic virtues, it considers figures including Elena Duglioli, Margherita da Russi, and Gentile da Ravenna who were perceived as "divine mothers." It emphasizes women's active role in spiritual and cultural circles focused on scriptural study and Church reform, often guided by charismatic figures considered saints. The case of the "divine mother" Paola Antonia Negri is not discussed here, since it has already been examined by others, but the intense anger she faced from ecclesiastical and civil authorities exemplifies the change that took place in Italian religious life in the mid-16th century. "Living saints" and "divine mothers" became suspect, and the Council of Trent promoted a new model of holiness and initiated a process of disciplining cults. The volume also paves the way for a European comparative approach, building on the work of Spanish scholars and an initial transalpine perspective proposed by Alessandra Bartolomei Romagnoli.

Clear, engaging, and richly documented, this volume will appeal to scholars and students of early modern history, religious studies, women's and gender studies, and Italian cultural history, as well as to readers interested in the long history of women's religious agency.

The earliest collections of Egyptian artifacts were those pieces taken by the Roman empire. There are more Egyptian obelisks in Rome today than there are left in Egypt. In the nineteenth century, British collections were built by the same people whose work comprises volume two. They began as private collections, meant as status symbols usually for the wealthy, or for those who wished to show evidence of their wide travels. However, gradually, many of these collections were left in wills to municipal institutions or turned into publicly available collections themselves.

The British Museum, originally founded in 1759, opened its first purpose built gallery for Egyptian antiquities in 1808. The Townley Gallery was built to house the antiquities seized from the French in 1801, including the Rosetta Stone, and the collection has been growing ever since. Later, the British Museum hired people who were already in Egypt, or who were going to Egypt of their own accord, to gather and send back artifacts. As the discipline of archaeology in Egypt became a scholarly pursuit, museums began to sponsor their own expeditions in order to fill their now bursting stores. Collecting in order to possess the past, both physically and ideologically, of a subjected people was the point.

Three Faces of Antifascism: Narrative of Resistance in Post-War Italian Political Culture tells the story of intertwining of Italian history, the antifascist paradigm, and the memory of the Resistance and the Shoah. It is in this context that the post-war Jewish world took on a leading role in the victory over Nazism and in the construction of democracy in Italy.

This book explores three main themes: the political history of Italy; the memory of the Resistance and fascism; as well as the memory of political deportation and the extermination of the Jews, making it an essential read for historians, scholars of Italian history, Holocaust studies, and anyone interested in the intersection of memory, politics, and social justice.

Weather Magic in Medieval Scandinavia explores how people in medieval Scandinavia understood and attempted to influence the weather through magic. Covering the period from c. 800 to 1555 ??, the book reveals how storms, winds, and divine tempests shaped not only medieval imagination but also law, ritual, and power across the North.

Drawing on Old Norse sagas, poetry, law codes, religious texts, archaeology, and early modern trial records, this is the first comprehensive study of weather magic across the medieval Scandinavian world. The book argues that weather magic was not a marginal superstition but a key part of how medieval societies conceptualised human and divine agency within nature. It traces how figures such as O?inn, voelur, and saints appear as mediators between people and the elements, and how ideas of magic and miracle blurred in Christian and non-Christian contexts. By combining literary, historical, and material evidence, Weather Magic in Medieval Scandinavia illuminates how weather manipulation was bound to performance, voice, and social power, linking magic, seafaring, warfare, and the legitimisation of elite authority. The study offers new interdisciplinary insights into belief, ecology, and cultural exchange in the medieval North.

The book appeals to scholars and students of Old Norse studies, medieval history, folklore, religious studies, and environmental humanities, as well as general readers interested in the intersections of magic, mythology, and climate in the North.

This book traces the historical trajectory of the Communist Party of Cyprus (CPC) from its first public appearance through the newspaper Pyrsos in November 1923 to its informal dissolution at the 5th Congress in November 1944. Drawing on extensive primary sources - many previously inaccessible or unknown - the authors illuminate critical issues that shaped Cyprus's political landscape for over two decades.

By examining the party's political and organizational evolution across different periods, the book reveals the intricate relationship between cause and effect in Cypriot communist history. It brings to light previously underexplored events, including the party's internal conflicts, its communications with the Comintern, the preparatory groundwork for AKEL's formation, and the complex dynamics between the CPC and other political forces.

History of the Communist Party of Cyprus, 1923-1944 will appeal to anyone interested in the operations of a communist party within a British colony during the interwar period and Second World War . Additionally, it offers valuable comparative insights for readers already familiar with communist and labour movements across the British Empire, providing a unique lens through which to understand broader patterns of colonial-era leftist politics.

This book presents the history of Poland through the lens of selected phenomena that demonstrate pan-European and global processes. It tells the story of feudalism, parliamentarism, nationalism and modernization, and explains how these processes emerged, developed or were implemented in Poland.

The comparative method adopted here aims to study the links and transnational entanglements within the region on the basis that the optimal way of writing about a country in East Central Europe is to combine national history with a regional approach. Rather than relegating the themes of gender and diversity (cultural, ethnic, social and religious) to separate chapters, the authors aim to integrate these topics into all texts, informed by their knowledge, sources and empathy. Finally, this volume recounts both facts and the distorted paths taken by the memorialization of historic events. In doing so, it seeks to answer the fundamental question: "How unique can a country's history really be?"

This volume will be useful both for beginning students and for advanced scholars who specialize in the history of Poland and the entire region of East Central Europe to gain new information and interpretations on topics beyond their key areas of focus.

This book offers the first systematic comparative analysis of memory politics concerning post-war camps in Poland for the German population (and those classified as German). It examines how this difficult past has been framed, instrumentalised, and negotiated in Poland and Germany across changing political systems and historical contexts.

Drawing on archival sources, interviews, institutional analysis, and discourse studies, the book traces how the memory of the camps functioned within communist Poland, how it was addressed and reinterpreted in West and East Germany, and how it influenced Polish-German relations. It argues that in neither country did this memory occupy a central place in official post-war memory politics. In communist Poland, the issue was largely silenced or selectively instrumentalised, while in West Germany it remained primarily confined to expellee organisations until around 1989. After the systemic transformation, the topic did not enter the national mainstream of memory debates. Instead, in Poland, it acquired a distinct regional resonance, retaining mobilising potential within local politics and memory cultures. By tracing interactions between state institutions, non-governmental organisations, and public debates, the book shows how intergenerational memory became a site of political negotiation and symbolic competition.

The volume will appeal to historians, sociologists, political scientists, and scholars of memory and heritage studies. It will also interest readers concerned with Polish-German relations and communities directly affected by this history. Combining empirical depth with analytical precision, the book contributes to debates on difficult heritage and the politics of memory in contemporary Europe.

Felix's Vita Sancti Guthlaci, composed towards the middle of the eighth century at the request of King AElfwald of East Anglia (r. 713-49), is the earliest substantial literary work from the middle kingdoms of pre-Viking England. Written in Latin and modelled on the ornate style of Aldhelm, the Vita offers a vivid account of Guthlac, a Mercian noble turned hermit who died at Crowland in 714. It stands as both a literary landmark and an important historical source for early Anglo-Saxon life.

The Vita also shaped the development of vernacular hagiography, notably inspiring two major Old English poems preserved in the Exeter Book. Though the original Mercian translation is lost, its legacy endures in the 'Gates of Hell' sequence reworked in the Vercelli Book, in the fuller Life at the end of a collection of AElfric's writings, and in entries both for Guthlac and his sister Pege in the Old English Martyrology.

This volume presents, for the first time, a complete text of Felix's Vita together with the Old English Homily and Life, offering a comprehensive view of Guthlac's cult across languages and centuries. It is essential reading for scholars of early medieval history and literature. All the texts are accompanied by translations and commentaries.

Artists and Intellectuals in Exile in 1970s West Berlin explores how displacement and exile became catalysts for artistic and intellectual innovation during a pivotal period in European cultural history.

Drawing on extensive archival research, fieldwork, and interviews, the book examines how exiled and migrant artists - including Guenter Brus, Romy Haag, Anne Jud, Marwan Kassab-Bachi and Akbar Behkalam - transformed the divided city of West Berlin into a crucible of creative resistance. Blending art history, urban studies, feminist and queer theory and migration scholarship, the book develops a new understanding of exile as a creative condition - a mode of living and making that redefines belonging, identity and the politics of space. Through close readings of performance, painting, film and collective practices, it reveals how marginality and dislocation generated new aesthetic forms and transnational solidarities.

Artists and Intellectuals in Exile in 1970s West Berlin will be of interest to postgraduate and undergraduate students in art, cultural and migration studies, as well as general readers interested in Berlin's cultural history.

Julius Evola and the Radical Right examines the ideas and influence of Italian thinker Julius Evola (1898-1974), an increasingly popular author within the far right and the esoteric milieu alike.

An iconic figure for successive generations of the radical right, Evola is both revered and reviled, but his past remains contested. Those seeking information about him are confronted with a fractured and contentious legacy. Drawing on the archival record and texts that Evola left behind, this book reconstructs his intellectual trajectory and examines his activities in Fascist Italy, in Nazi Germany, and in the neo-fascist movement after 1945. It demonstrates that Evola and his circle were not as marginal as sometimes portrayed and cooperated more closely with Fascist and Nazi officials than previously recognized. The book dispels many of the myths surrounding Evola and his "spiritual racism" while tracing Evola's enduring influence after his death, showing how his ideas continue to inspire contemporary political movements.

This book will be of interest to scholars and students of Fascism, Nazism, antisemitism, and the Holocaust.

Egyptology saw its birth as a science during the latter part of the nineteenth century, even though Westerners had been traveling there for millennia. These volumes will present several foundational texts of the discipline in this crucial century, showing throughout each volume the slow, and not quite complete, shift from an amateur pursuit to a professional field of study. In doing so this collection demonstrates that the timeline and specifics of the professionalization of science in the nineteenth century was often discipline specific. Yet, the collection also shows that there was a lot more at stake in this history than a story of gradually becoming a science. Long before the institutionalization of Egyptology, there were Western people traveling to Egypt for various reasons and collecting artefacts to send or take home. This collection will highlight and interrogate the foundational texts that made up the early years of the discipline, travel writings, issues on collecting Egypt, and Egypt's place in fiction.