文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Undoing Things explores all the ways in which things become undone, be they objects, bodies, places, or worlds.

Although archaeologists have long attended to the productive dimensions of materiality and material culture as a coherent phenomenon-making objects, building things, constructing identities-the discourse around undoing is more fragmented. Topics such as ruination, death, decay, demolition, and collapse are usually examined separately. Undoing Things asks what connections or continuities can be discerned in a diverse range of practices, both intentional and taphonomic, both destructive and healing. Is there a creative component to undoing? How visible are different processes of undoing? How is time implicated? Is undoing reversible? Who has the power to undo and when is undoing empowering? What does it take to undo knowledge? These and other questions are examined through archaeological studies ranging from classical Maya and colonial Caribbean examples to present-day Liberia, historical and ethnographic approaches to present-day Argentina, and the contemporary art world.

In the first quarter of the 21st century, human worlds have experienced a series of ruptures from climate-related disasters, political violence, and the Covid-19 pandemic. Undoing Things helps move us beyond a cloud of chaos with a deeper understanding of how and why things fall apart and is vital reading for archaeologists and those in related disciplines.

The Strange Tools of Human Communication: The Voice, the Pen, and the Lyre is a thought-provoking exploration of the everyday tools of communication that weaves together history, art, and science to reveal how the voice, hand, and mind shape our shared experiences.

Through a blend of scholarly research, personal insights, and field experiences - from the oral tales of Sierra Leone's Limba storytellers to ancient cave art and modern iconography - this book offers fresh perspectives on how we connect across time and cultures. Challenging the idea that spoken language alone defines humanity, it emphasises the crucial role of hands, gestures, and artistic forms as the foundation of human communication. Readers are invited to consider the possibility of an ancestral, shared consciousness and the mysterious similarities in ancient art worldwide. Through vivid examples and personal insights, the book redefines communication as a blend of conscious expression and subconscious influence, inviting readers to consider the hidden connections that unite us across cultures and time, and to contemplate the future of communication.

The Strange Tools of Human Communication is an ideal supplement to upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in cultural anthropology, sociocultural linguistics, and cultural studies.

Based on ethnographic research in England, Doubting Ghosts explores the paradoxes faced by paranormal investigators or "ghost hunters": in spite of spending significant time observing and documenting what they suspect to be paranormal phenomena-in a scientific, secular and rational fashion-many paranormal investigators remain skeptical about the existence of the paranormal. What, then, does it mean to regularly see ghosts and yet to not believe ghosts are real?

Examining the manner in which the scientific approach adopted by investigators produces profound doubts about the existence of the paranormal, the meaning of science, and the nature of modernity, the author demonstrates that doubt itself is central to experiences of secularity and that doubt can constitute a foundation for long-term engagements with the paranormal. Thus, paranormal investigators are able to sustain a relationship, albeit an uneasy one, with the paranormal while maintaining a commitment to a scientific, secular, and rational worldview.

A contribution to understandings of doubt, science, religion, and disenchantment, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and anthropology.

This book adopts a comprehensive approach, drawing from archaeology, physical anthropology, human genetics, linguistics, cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography, to explore the Austronesian link of 'Liangdao Man,' and the origins of Austronesian language groups. Due to their dating 2,300~1,500 years earlier than Austronesian-speaking peoples, these two individuals should be Pre-Austronesian or Proto-Austroasiatic. The Matsu archipelago is situated off Fuzhou City's estuary in Fujian Province. In 2011-2012, the author unearthed two human skeletons, 'Liangdao Man 1' and 'Liangdao Man 2,' aged 8,300 and 7,500 years, respectively, on Liangdao Island, one of these islands. DNA analysis revealed that haplogroups E and R9 were identified, linking them to Austronesians of Taiwan aborigines' maternal lineage.

Muddying the divide between land and water

This interdisciplinary collection delves into the experiences and meanings of life in environments where water levels and availability are in constant flux. Amphibious Anthropologies brings together a global set of case studies, from Italy's historic marshes to the tidal pools of the Bahamas, to show how living with unpredictable wetness has become crucial in the age of climate crisis. The book introduces "amphibious anthropologies" as a framework to challenge the dichotomy of water and land and interrogate spaces marked by rapid and profound environmental change. It brings to light the everyday creativity and uncertainty in wet environments like California's Salton Sea and India's North Bihar floodplain. Engaging with disciplines like anthropology, geography, and STS, this work offers a timely discourse on environmental change and resilience.

This book offers an exploration of collective action by bringing together the themes of sovereignty and solidarity in post-colonial societies in Africa and beyond. It does so against a common tradition of writing about collective action that assumes an opposition between the state as a legal framework of unity and social movements that express the aspirations of marginalized people. The book's examination of collective action resists this binary division. It states that sovereignty can be imagined beyond the confines of the law and consequently beyond the centrality of the state. Power therefore appears as a construct of forces and factors that signal or gesture to a complex but fascinating way of imagining collective action. These forces and factors open our eyes to the dynamics of life in post-colonial societies in ways that the understanding of sovereignty centred on law conceals. Brought into an intimacy with solidarity, sovereignty opens collective action to nuanced, complex and multiple configurations that surpass binary thinking. This is an innovative approach and of interest to students and scholars from across the social sciences.

This book aims to provide the first comprehensive, multi-year, systematic, quantitative assessment in the behavioral sciences of how well-being changes over time in a small-scale rural society of Indigenous People in the Global South.

Using data compiled by the Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study (2002-010) that monitored change in Tsimane' communities, this book analyzes economic, social, and health changes in a farming and foraging society of native Amazonians in Bolivia. It uses multidisciplinary methods to follow the same individuals, households, and village through time and bring together three themes: well-eing, economic inequalities, and the fate of Indigenous People in small-cale rural societies of the Global South. It finds considerable material deprivation, high economic inequalities within Tsimane' society, and declining standards of living over time It ends by asking "Is this evidence that people adjust to anything or are these the costs Tsimane' pay to retain autonomy and follow a historical lifestyle?"

This book aims to provide a comprehensive approach to the measurement of well-being and how to track its changes, providing a platform for future generations to gauge long-term change. It will resonate with undergraduate and graduate students across the behavioral sciences, professional anthropologists who specialize in the Amazon or well-being, development economists, and senior researchers who are part of the wave of emerging interest in doing research in small-scale rural societies of the Global South.

Fair Trade Enclaves tells the story of exploitation and inequality in the production of Fair Trade bananas. It draws on immersive fieldwork in Costa Rica, which was the original testing ground for US-owned plantations and is today the world's third-largest exporter of bananas. The book offers an ethnographic study of Fair Trade's impact on the 'Dollar' banana system and considers how the growth in Fair Trade affects workers' livelihoods at the source of production. It documents the labour conditions and daily struggles of Costa Rican banana workers, featuring a comparative anthropological assessment of Fair Trade and conventional farms. The chapters provide a window onto Fair Trade's ability to effect change within one of the world's most exploitative and enduring commodity chains, exposing how Fair Trade currently fails to challenge the structural exploitation of banana production within the dollar system. The author reveals how, in some respects, workers at the conventional farm enjoy better conditions compared with those employed on the Fair Trade farm. The book is valuable reading for scholars of Anthropology, Development, and Latin American Studies.

Resisting Cultural Narrative Entrapment in Autoethnography delves into the nexus of cultural narratives and takes the reader on a journey through the intricate landscape of identity and cultural critique. Each chapter, enriched with dialogues with 'Ash,' our imaginary interlocutor, presents a profound exploration rooted in the philosophical fabric.

This book amplifies the discourse on ontological and epistemological reflections often overlooked in narrative autoethnography. Central to its narrative is the concept of cultural narrative entrapment, meticulously dissected to unveil its philosophical underpinnings. It focuses on probing inquiries, from the essence of resistance to cultural narrative entrapment to its pivotal role in shaping autoethnographic scholarship. Through meticulous textual 'archaeology' chapters unfold, excavating layers of literature to redefine cultural identity and narrative constructs, offering a meta-autoethnographic lens. The discourse evolves, addressing critiques and paradoxes, while inviting readers to engage with the complexities of perception, representation, and the paradoxes of emplotment. Culminating with an illuminating appendix summarising the author's extensive body of work, this book serves as a beacon for scholars and practitioners navigating the nuanced terrain of philosophical autoethnography.

This book transcends the boundaries of traditional scholarship, offering a compelling narrative that challenges conventions and ignites intellectual curiosity. It is an indispensable companion for those seeking to unravel the profound intersections of culture, identity, and philosophical inquiry.

What is the relationship between a writer's life, milieu, and thought? In this daring and intellectually expansive text, part memoir and part political philosophy, the anthropologist Rafael Sanchez explores the forces and events that shaped him and the nations through which he moved.
Reconocimientos is a book of both personal and political reckoning, from the thrillingly emancipatory possibilities of Venezuela's plazas to the political promise and disappointments of revolution. Written in the final year of his life, Reconocimientos moves from scenes of Sanchez's youth in Cuba to fieldwork on the cult of Maria Lionza in Venezuela to confront the terrifying and alluring forces of patriarchal privilege at the base of monumentalist authoritarianism.
Sanchez's intimate prose speaks with the urgency both of his own mortality and of the political crises of our moment. Amid the resurgence of patriarchy, hierarchy, and the valorization of inequality that have become pillars of populist movements in Latin America and beyond, Sanchez finds a residual radical possibility in 'horizontal' spaces, where the forces of mimesis permit manifold transformations.

This volume brings together specialists from a broad demographic and professional range - academics, museum curators, students, and content creators - to discuss case studies, challenges, and potential future avenues for public scholarship on the history, archaeology, and cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, North Africa and Western Asia.

Together, the contributions promote the creation of inclusive methods of knowledge mobilisation and communication in public spheres across three main areas: cultural heritage, pedagogy and public-facing scholarship. These areas have all been directly affected by Eurocentric structures that have claimed ownership of ancient Mediterranean cultural heritage and have dictated how it has been taught in schools and communicated to the broader public. The volume is divided into three sections - Museums, Teaching and Learning, and Global and Local Projects - each addressing pressing challenges faced within these interrelated fields and offering ways for us to overcome the exclusionary narratives that plague them.

Ancient Pasts for Modern Audiences provides an invaluable resource for those interested in public history, from academics to lay audiences, in the fields of Ancient Mediterranean, North African, and Western Asian Studies. The book also appeals to professionals and researchers whose interests lie in public-facing scholarship, pedagogy, digital humanities, decolonisation studies, museum studies and popular media.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Ethics in Archaeological Practice focuses on the ethics of archaeological work in a European context.

This book covers all aspects of the archaeological profession, including archaeological advisors employed by state national, or regional heritage agencies, commercial archaeologists (consultants and contractors), and academics. It considers all archaeologists as professionals and situates ethical practice at the heart of what it means to be a professional archaeologist. It works as a practical handbook organised around the main areas of activity that archaeologists undertake allowing the book to be used as a reference work when required.

Ethics in Archaeological Practice will appeal to professional archaeologists, academics and students, as well as those involved in professional training.

This book examines how vision impaired walkers experience and engage with the English countryside through five sensory activities: walking, seeing, listening, seeing in the mind's eye, and touching. Journeying through woodland and fields, the chapters reveal a landscape alive with memory, the imagination, and suffused with shifting temporalities. Karis Jade Petty develops the concepts of inclusive sensoriality and sensorial emplacement, which enable us to revise our understandings of the sensory organisations of experience, animate conceptualisations of landscape, and rethink self-landscape relationality. Reimagining notions of vision and the boundedness of the sensory body, this book will be relevant to scholars from a number of disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, geography, visual studies, disability studies, and sensory studies more broadly.

Bioarchaeology covers the history and general theory of the field plus the recovery and laboratory treatment of human remains.

Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains in context from an archaeological and anthropological perspective. The book explores, through numerous case studies, how the ways a society deals with their dead can reveal a great deal about that society, including its religious, political, economic, and social organizations. It details recovery methods and how, once recovered, human remains can be analyzed to reveal details about the funerary system of the subject society and inform on a variety of other issues, such as health, demography, disease, workloads, mobility, sex and gender, and migration. Finally, the book highlights how bioarchaeological techniques can be used in contemporary forensic settings and in investigations of genocide and war crimes.

In Bioarchaeology, theories, principles, and scientific techniques are laid out in a clear, understandable way, and students of archaeology at undergraduate and graduate levels will find this an excellent guide to the field.

Living Indigenous Feminism is a bricolage of historical research and historiography, poetry, interviews, biographies, memoirs, and stories--both traditional and contemporary. This book poses the question of what southern and western history would look like if viewed through the eyes of a diverse sample of Indigenous women. The answer is that these Indigenous women have been "living feminism" in ways that shed new light on these histories, while showing how their lives and visions can offer fresh guidance for turbulent present and the shared future we are making now.

This book features Native women of many different nations, cultures, and regions, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Seminole, Seneca, Iroquois, Navajo, Salish and Kootenai, Kiowa, Muscogee, Creek, Yankton Dakota Sioux, Fort Sill Apache, Cheyenne, Red Lake Ojibwe, Ho-Chunk, Seneca, Tonawanda Band, Standing Rock Sioux, Lakota Sioux, Blackfeet, Laguna Pueblo, and San Ildefonso Pueblo. Indigenous women, the authors contend, have always lived a pattern of gender power and balance. Indigenous feminism is traditional, and at the same time, a source of fresh insights about how we can sustain balanced, inclusive, meaningful lives through times of challenge and change.

Although traditional academic scholarship is an individualistic and solitary venture, this approach is relational and organic, with the living Indigenous women who shared their stories with them and with the Indigenous women who lived before them, whom the authors met on the pages of scattered historical records. Their stories suggest powerful new meanings to what "living feminism" can do when we do it together.

An anthropologist's quest to understand the deep social and political divides in American society, and the everyday strategies that can overcome them.

In 2016, Anand Pandian was alarmed by Donald Trump's harsh attacks on immigrants to the United States, the appeal of that politics of anger and fear. In the years that followed, he crisscrossed the country-from Fargo, North Dakota to Denton, Texas, from southern California to upstate New York-seeking out fellow Americans with markedly different social and political commitments, trying to understand the forces that have hardened our suspicions of others. The result is Something Between Us: The Everyday Walls of American Life, and How to Take Them Down, a groundbreaking and ultimately hopeful exploration of the ruptures in our social fabric, and courageous efforts to rebuild a collective life beyond them.

The stakes of disconnection have never been higher. From the plight of migrants and refugees to the climate crisis and the recent pandemic, so much turns on the care and concern we can muster for lives and circumstances beyond our own. But as Pandian discovers, such empathy is often thwarted by the infrastructure of everyday American life: fortified homes and neighborhoods, bulked-up cars and trucks, visions of the body as an armored fortress, and media that shut out contrary views. Home and road, body and mind: these interlocking walls sharpen the divide between insiders and outsiders, making it difficult to take unfamiliar people and perspectives seriously, to acknowledge the needs of others and relate to their struggles.

Through vivid encounters with Americans of many kinds-including salesmen, truck drivers, police officers, urban planners, and activists for women's rights and environmental justice-Pandian shares tools to think beyond the twists and turns of our bracing present. While our impasses draw from deep American histories of isolation and segregation, he reveals how strategies of mutual aid and communal caretaking can help to surface more radical visions for a life in common with others, ways of meeting strangers in this land as potential kin.

Social media has been established as a central feature of the modern world and a propagator of contemporary culture. Political anthropology is employed as a method to understand digital fascination in the modern world. The theory of the void is utilised to examine the destructive features of social media that induce an unreality and provoke users to unfold in alternate ways. Classifying the realm of social media as a void illustrates how the intangible non-place is a divisive feature of modernity.

To gain comprehension of the pervasive void created by technology, a consideration of historical precursors can be useful. Features of stone circles, such as their material character, configuration and optical display on the solstice can be used to understand how social media operates to lure people into its domain and promotes entrapment. This book is aimed at individuals with an interest in social media, social theory and political anthropology. It will be of use to those working in the areas of identity, unreality, media and communication studies. It addresses fundamental issues of modernity such as social media, identity and unreality.

Routledge International Handbook of Visual Research Methods in Anthropology approaches the question of method through conceptualisations of the visual world as light, sight, images and technologies of imaging that can be analysed and described through a range of visual practices in the course of anthropological research.

The aim of the book is to move beyond making a case for the importance of "the visual" via its notional arrangement as a subject and means of study in anthropology by showing how it is applied as a way of doing anthropological research through the explication of a series of examples. Employing an innovative structure for a handbook, each contribution is orientated around a single distinguishing concept and together the contributions addresses the following three issues: How to see through images by treating the visual as a form of knowledge made visible. A second group of entries is concerned with how to see through time by approaching the visual as a modality for representing duration and rendering legible what may no longer be available to vision. Finally, a third group of entries deals with the visual at a phenomenal level, as a medium that we see in.

This handbook is a timely and useful resource for both students and researchers of anthropology at this time because the discipline's long-standing, theoretical and empirically rich practical engagements with visual methods provide valuable insights for the social sciences into current transmutations of "the visual" into "the multimodal", the "non-representational" and "the sensory". The importance of these areas as well as of digital research more generally makes visual methods ever more important for social scientists; hence, this handbook is also valuable for those studying general research methods courses and in related fields such as sociology, health studies and social work.

Energy Talk disrupts the claims of institutionalized categories such as sustainability, green economy, climate change, and net zero that promote a shared consensus on energy transition. These concepts often conceal the intricate details of how people engage with rapidly shifting sociotechnical environments. On the plains of Thessaly, Greece, interactions with the emerging energy landscape, particularly the expanding photovoltaic (solar) program, lead people to critique long-standing assumptions about nationalism and belonging, their experience of time and modernity, the morality of entrepreneurial opportunism, and historically grounded notions of neo-colonialism and foreign occupation.

Daniel M. Knight showcases how obscured 'adelo-knowledge' is exposed during epochs of intense upheaval. Since 2009 Greece has been a hot spot of interrelated crises around which new socio-techno-natural contracts have emerged. Energy is a pivot for comprehending a decade where conventional information has been upended, traditions challenged, and assumptions fractured. Energy Talk offers an ethnographically and theoretically rich rereading of established categories usually associated with the green transition, from their local particularity to the potential implications for planetary relations.

This open access Palgrave Pivot explores the experiences of nonreligious asylum seekers in Northern Europe. While religious persecution is often cited as a reason for seeking asylum, nonbelievers also face significant persecution in their home countries due to their lack of religious affiliation. Despite this, their experiences are frequently overlooked in academic discussions, and asylum assessment centers have been slow to develop frameworks that address their unique challenges. Drawing on in-depth qualitative research from Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands, this book provides a comprehensive examination of the challenges nonbelievers face, as well as the opportunities they create as agents within the system. Emotions offer an analytical window into the world of nonbelievers, highlighting their desperation and innovative practices of evidence creation. Throughout the book, the logics of credibility assessment are critically explored, revealing the cultural chasm between assessors and nonreligious claimants.