文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

An anthropologist's quest to understand the deep social and political divides in American society, and the everyday strategies that can overcome them.

In 2016, Anand Pandian was alarmed by Donald Trump's harsh attacks on immigrants to the United States, the appeal of that politics of anger and fear. In the years that followed, he crisscrossed the country-from Fargo, North Dakota to Denton, Texas, from southern California to upstate New York-seeking out fellow Americans with markedly different social and political commitments, trying to understand the forces that have hardened our suspicions of others. The result is Something Between Us: The Everyday Walls of American Life, and How to Take Them Down, a groundbreaking and ultimately hopeful exploration of the ruptures in our social fabric, and courageous efforts to rebuild a collective life beyond them.

The stakes of disconnection have never been higher. From the plight of migrants and refugees to the climate crisis and the recent pandemic, so much turns on the care and concern we can muster for lives and circumstances beyond our own. But as Pandian discovers, such empathy is often thwarted by the infrastructure of everyday American life: fortified homes and neighborhoods, bulked-up cars and trucks, visions of the body as an armored fortress, and media that shut out contrary views. Home and road, body and mind: these interlocking walls sharpen the divide between insiders and outsiders, making it difficult to take unfamiliar people and perspectives seriously, to acknowledge the needs of others and relate to their struggles.

Through vivid encounters with Americans of many kinds-including salesmen, truck drivers, police officers, urban planners, and activists for women's rights and environmental justice-Pandian shares tools to think beyond the twists and turns of our bracing present. While our impasses draw from deep American histories of isolation and segregation, he reveals how strategies of mutual aid and communal caretaking can help to surface more radical visions for a life in common with others, ways of meeting strangers in this land as potential kin.

Bioarchaeology covers the history and general theory of the field plus the recovery and laboratory treatment of human remains.

Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains in context from an archaeological and anthropological perspective. The book explores, through numerous case studies, how the ways a society deals with their dead can reveal a great deal about that society, including its religious, political, economic, and social organizations. It details recovery methods and how, once recovered, human remains can be analyzed to reveal details about the funerary system of the subject society and inform on a variety of other issues, such as health, demography, disease, workloads, mobility, sex and gender, and migration. Finally, the book highlights how bioarchaeological techniques can be used in contemporary forensic settings and in investigations of genocide and war crimes.

In Bioarchaeology, theories, principles, and scientific techniques are laid out in a clear, understandable way, and students of archaeology at undergraduate and graduate levels will find this an excellent guide to the field.

Living Indigenous Feminism is a bricolage of historical research and historiography, poetry, interviews, biographies, memoirs, and stories--both traditional and contemporary. This book poses the question of what southern and western history would look like if viewed through the eyes of a diverse sample of Indigenous women. The answer is that these Indigenous women have been "living feminism" in ways that shed new light on these histories, while showing how their lives and visions can offer fresh guidance for turbulent present and the shared future we are making now.

This book features Native women of many different nations, cultures, and regions, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Seminole, Seneca, Iroquois, Navajo, Salish and Kootenai, Kiowa, Muscogee, Creek, Yankton Dakota Sioux, Fort Sill Apache, Cheyenne, Red Lake Ojibwe, Ho-Chunk, Seneca, Tonawanda Band, Standing Rock Sioux, Lakota Sioux, Blackfeet, Laguna Pueblo, and San Ildefonso Pueblo. Indigenous women, the authors contend, have always lived a pattern of gender power and balance. Indigenous feminism is traditional, and at the same time, a source of fresh insights about how we can sustain balanced, inclusive, meaningful lives through times of challenge and change.

Although traditional academic scholarship is an individualistic and solitary venture, this approach is relational and organic, with the living Indigenous women who shared their stories with them and with the Indigenous women who lived before them, whom the authors met on the pages of scattered historical records. Their stories suggest powerful new meanings to what "living feminism" can do when we do it together.

Routledge International Handbook of Visual Research Methods in Anthropology approaches the question of method through conceptualisations of the visual world as light, sight, images and technologies of imaging that can be analysed and described through a range of visual practices in the course of anthropological research.

The aim of the book is to move beyond making a case for the importance of "the visual" via its notional arrangement as a subject and means of study in anthropology by showing how it is applied as a way of doing anthropological research through the explication of a series of examples. Employing an innovative structure for a handbook, each contribution is orientated around a single distinguishing concept and together the contributions addresses the following three issues: How to see through images by treating the visual as a form of knowledge made visible. A second group of entries is concerned with how to see through time by approaching the visual as a modality for representing duration and rendering legible what may no longer be available to vision. Finally, a third group of entries deals with the visual at a phenomenal level, as a medium that we see in.

This handbook is a timely and useful resource for both students and researchers of anthropology at this time because the discipline's long-standing, theoretical and empirically rich practical engagements with visual methods provide valuable insights for the social sciences into current transmutations of "the visual" into "the multimodal", the "non-representational" and "the sensory". The importance of these areas as well as of digital research more generally makes visual methods ever more important for social scientists; hence, this handbook is also valuable for those studying general research methods courses and in related fields such as sociology, health studies and social work.

Social media has been established as a central feature of the modern world and a propagator of contemporary culture. Political anthropology is employed as a method to understand digital fascination in the modern world. The theory of the void is utilised to examine the destructive features of social media that induce an unreality and provoke users to unfold in alternate ways. Classifying the realm of social media as a void illustrates how the intangible non-place is a divisive feature of modernity.

To gain comprehension of the pervasive void created by technology, a consideration of historical precursors can be useful. Features of stone circles, such as their material character, configuration and optical display on the solstice can be used to understand how social media operates to lure people into its domain and promotes entrapment. This book is aimed at individuals with an interest in social media, social theory and political anthropology. It will be of use to those working in the areas of identity, unreality, media and communication studies. It addresses fundamental issues of modernity such as social media, identity and unreality.

In Public Archaeology for the Twenty-First Century, James F. Brooks and Jeremy M. Moss have collected essays from twenty-seven scholars and community members to illuminate archaeological sites like ancient "water courts" at Mound Key in Florida, the lost Black cemetery at Nashville Zoo, fur-trade-era Fort Michilimackinac, and Arizona's Gila Bend Internment Camp. Each case offers readers an experience that enlivens the past while
speaking to the present.

These essays wrestle with key tensions in the field of public archaeology. What do we mean by "public"? Is this site public facing or public participating? Does "public" simply imply simplifications in scholarly rigor or does it require more creative attention to methods of analysis and interpretation to render stories sensible for those beyond the academy?

In the broadest sense, these chapters explore the relationship between archaeological practice, the representation of archaeology and history, and our varied publics. This requires not only consultation with varied stakeholders but also collaborative partnerships with descendant communities who have direct connections to the heritage resources we wish to share.

Energy Talk disrupts the claims of institutionalized categories such as sustainability, green economy, climate change, and net zero that promote a shared consensus on energy transition. These concepts often conceal the intricate details of how people engage with rapidly shifting sociotechnical environments. On the plains of Thessaly, Greece, interactions with the emerging energy landscape, particularly the expanding photovoltaic (solar) program, lead people to critique long-standing assumptions about nationalism and belonging, their experience of time and modernity, the morality of entrepreneurial opportunism, and historically grounded notions of neo-colonialism and foreign occupation.

Daniel M. Knight showcases how obscured 'adelo-knowledge' is exposed during epochs of intense upheaval. Since 2009 Greece has been a hot spot of interrelated crises around which new socio-techno-natural contracts have emerged. Energy is a pivot for comprehending a decade where conventional information has been upended, traditions challenged, and assumptions fractured. Energy Talk offers an ethnographically and theoretically rich rereading of established categories usually associated with the green transition, from their local particularity to the potential implications for planetary relations.

The book embarks on a journey into the intricate landscape of blasphemy in Pakistan amid a rising tide of blasphemy accusations, public lynchings, and contentious blasphemy laws. Challenging conventional perspectives, this book delves beyond legal and religious confines, offering an ethnography of the mundane as a secular reading and a grand existential scheme to highlight how blasphemy laws and religious prisms often fail to capture the essence of the blasphemy dilemma in Pakistan. The author offers an insightful re-evaluation of the blasphemy issue, addressing its multifaceted definition, the motivations driving intentional blasphemous acts and frivolous accusations, the authority to punish alleged offenders, the paradox of religious violence, and the emergence of mediated expressions and virtual negotiation of blasphemy. Through meticulous grassroots analysis of ordinary Pakistanis' perspectives, the book offers pragmatic policy solutions for blasphemy issues, presenting unorthodox insights into Pakistan, its diverse populace, and the ever-evolving sensibilities of Islam and societal dynamics in both local and global contexts.

Decolonizing Medicine examines Bolivian state-led efforts to decolonize health services during the administration of Evo Morales, Bolivia's first Indigenous president. Governing from 2006 to 2019, the Morales administration undertook sweeping reforms, vowing to reverse intertwined colonial and capitalist systems of oppression and restore Indigenous good living. Predating more recent calls from global health practitioners to "decolonize global health," Bolivian state projects included a range of initiatives, such as integrating Indigenous traditional medical practitioners into clinical care and encouraging cultural sensitivity among healthcare providers. And yet, despite layered institutional investments, many Indigenous patients continued to describe their local hospital as a place "donde no hay atencion" ("where there is no care").

Through fine-grained ethnography of health policymaking and implementation, Gabriela Elisa Morales tracks how Bolivian biomedical and public health institutions fell short of the far-reaching transformations proposed by decolonial activists and theorists. At the same time, she foregrounds how Indigenous patients and healers challenged the terms of caregiving and demanded that state and medical institutions fulfill their obligations to Indigenous flourishing. In tracing these dynamics, Morales articulates the multiplicity of ways that care practice becomes a locus of political foreclosure as well as radical transformation, with crucial insights for broader projects of decolonization and Indigenous rights.

This book questions the epistemological foundations of education in the Anthropocene. It reviews a body of evidence that strongly supports the view that the Earth's systems are emerging into an epoch known as the Anthropocene. This volume examines a number of concepts including the political ecology and the modes of veridiction in the Anthropocene as well as philosophy, anthropology and history of the concept of courage and the humanities. It champions forward-looking educational initiatives and presents a new philosophy on education for the Anthropocene.

The concept of the Anthropocene extends to many fields of sciences. It is now anchored in a multidisciplinary scientific literature and recognized by both sides of the ideological and political battle of the 21st century, on which several controversies are grafted in a complex way. It also has a strong anthropological consistency: what kind of humans do we want to become? The author explores how the recognition of the crisis helps to see the history of humanity with unexpected freshness. This work contributes to an epistemological and paradigmatic reflection on the foundations of education in the Anthropocene epoch. The author has seized on the biogeophysical ruptures of the Anthropocene to develop a pedagogical and anthropological reflection in a stimulating and creative way. This volume is of interest to researchers of the Anthropocene, as well as to scholars in ecology, social sciences, pedagogy, and philosophy.

This book presents the first national study of the practice of polygamy undertaken amongst Malay Muslims, contextualised within the broader social, legal, and political context of Malaysia. A collaboration between the Sisters in Islam NGO and three universities in Malaysia, it examines the perspectives of both men and women through quantitative and qualitative data analysis of over 1,200 surveys and more than 60 in-depth interviews charting the legal, financial, social, and emotional impacts of polygamy. It incorporates both progressive Islamic scholarly thought and the unique sociologically rich perspectives of the study respondents. In doing so, the data serves to strengthen advocacy for awareness and law reforms within Islamic jurisprudence frameworks and institutions. As one of the most comprehensive surveys ever conducted on polygamy in a Muslim society, this represents a major tour de force within a little explored field with tremendous potential for societal impact. This book is relevant to academics and graduate students seeking a deeper understanding of the issues related to Muslim polygamous marriage and to researchers within the broader fields of gender studies, family studies, Islamic studies, and Islamic legal studies. It is also a landmark resource for activists and policymakers seeking to advocate on behalf of marginalised groups-particularly women and children in polygamous families.

This book explores the articulation between macro-social historical transformations and the opportunities and constraints that the resultant political and property regimes presented for villagers. It builds on ethnographic analyses of rural Eastern Europe by adding an historical analysis of the configurations and reconfigurations of life trajectories across three successive generations. The villagers studied lived a succession of property and political configurations: democratic and authoritarian regimes grounded in free market and private property until 1947, a totalitarian regime of state-socialism until 1989, and a liberal democracy re-building a free market economy from 1990 until today. It also brings forward an empirical exploration of the concept of generation, grounded on a re-reading of Karl Mannheim. The book is distinctive in its historical breath, covering a century via a detailed, rich ethnographic study, that includes a diversity of social positions (from the richest members of the community to those of very poor means) and a diversity of three ethnicities and religions.

This book explores the historical and contemporary experiences of the Chinese in Sukabumi, Indonesia, including their migration to the region, their economic activities, and their relationships with the local population. The book also examines the cultural practices of the Chinese in Sukabumi, including their religion, language, and traditions, and how they have adapted to the local culture. Through extensive research and analysis, the author provides a detailed account of the ways in which the Chinese of Sukabumi have navigated their place in Indonesian society, and the challenges they have faced in doing so. Presented as a co-published edition with Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, and released in memoriam to the late Mely G. Tan, this edition of The Chinese of Sukabumi honours this original comprehensive study of the social and cultural adaptation of the Chinese community in Sukabumi with the aim of bringing it to a wider international audience. It is an essential resource for scholars and students of Southeast Asian studies, as well as anyone interested in the cultural and social dynamics of the Chinese diaspora.

The volume explores how anthropological ideas emerged. First, in the writings of the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers; after that, by the Renaissance scholars during the 18th century in Europe; and finally, during the mid-19th century, especially after Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution. It covers the contributions of all the evolutionists of the 19th century. It explores the evolution of anthropological schools, from 'Evolutionism' to 'Diffusionism' and beyond. It also discusses diverse perspectives, such as 'Historical and Dialectical Materialism,' 'Functionalism,' 'Structural-Functionalism,' 'Cultural Ecology,' and 'Cognitive Anthropology. Concepts like Ethnocentrism and culture provide a rich tapestry of anthropological thought. It discusses the lives and contributions of renowned anthropologists, from E.B. Tylor to Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and instructors in social sciences, offering a nuanced understanding of anthropology, sociology, and psychology.

In this book, anthropologist and geologist Christoph Antweiler shows that geology is a special, namely historical, natural science and is therefore relevant for a historically informed anthropology. He argues that we do not only need a geologically informed cultural anthropology, but conversely also an anthropologically oriented geology. A comprehensive geology must include material human culture as a fundamental geological phenomenon. In relation to cultural anthropology, the author discusses the challenge the Anthropocene poses for cultural anthropology as a traditionally micro-oriented social science. The book discusses where the blind spots lie in the highly interdisciplinary discussion. Common narratives are critically scrutinized. The author argues for the need for a new discipline: geoanthropology.

This book aims to provide comprehensive ethnographic documentation of pastoralist childhood and child learning, based on the author's long-term fieldwork in pastoralist Maasai society in southern Kenya. It conveys a timely account of the developmental niche in contemporary Maasai society, in children's lives, social roles, work, play, and learning in family routines. Pastoralism is an important livelihood system that has allowed humans to live in arid and semi-arid lands for centuries. Children in pastoralist societies are expected to, and indeed do, actively and independently participate in and contribute to local subsistence from an early age. Compared to studies of other forms of livelihood, anthropological investigations into pastoralist children remain limited, particularly in light of critical social changes pastoralists have undergone in the last three decades. Less is known about their local parenting ethnotheories, childhood play, and children's practices of self-reliance in making positive changes in their families and local communities. Having a better understanding of pastoral childhood in concurrent natural and social complexities is vital for further investigation of human development in general and the pastoralist culture in particular.

This book showcases the way a range of scholars have engaged with Tim Ingold's opus since the publication of his ground-breaking The Perception of the Environment in 2000. Ingold's work has become key for a variety of disciplines ranging from anthropology, archaeology, and human geography to art, architecture, design and studies of material and visual culture. As set out in The Perception of the Environment and subsequent publications, Ingold proposed an understanding of the world that placed sentient, remembering and imagining organisms, or inhabitants, some of them human, at the heart of an extensive field of socio-ecological relations. In this work, Ingold develops broad-ranging analyses of personhood, knowledge and skills, among many other topics. This volume sets out to synthesize critical scholarship drawing on Ingold's work, to lay out its principles, methods and results, and to demonstrate its contribution to reshaping both contemporary anthropology and wider intellectual terrains. By bringing together chapters from a variety of scholars, all critically furthering Ingold's proposals, the book advances a paradigm change occurring in various academic disciplines from "fixist" to "emergence" onto/epistemologies.

Mutualist Archaeology proposes that the theory of mutualism can transform archaeology from what someconsider to be a discipline in crisis.

This book argues that the methodological and practical applications of mutualism can transform both the practice of archaeology and the way that interpretations of the past are created. Nineteenth-century theories of capitalism and Darwinism led many to assume that competition, both in the present and the past, was the most natural process in the world. Despite the tenacity of the competitive argument, this book highlights another way of seeing the natural and human world, beneficial association, or mutualism. Chapters set out how mutualist theory can offer differing perspectives on the many historical contexts archaeologists investigate, such as exchange and social complexity, as well as how archaeologists work together. Until now, no archaeologist has explicitly explored the richness that exists within mutualism, and in addition to providing a useful research perspective, mutualist theory also has profound implications for the practice of contemporary archaeology, including the drive to decolonize archaeological practice.

Introducing mutualist theory and its significance for archaeological research, this book is for researchers and students of archaeological theory and archaeologists looking for new ways to view the discipline.

Anthropology of Reproduction: The Basics is a clear and accessible guide to topics in reproduction from the perspective of anthropology, emphasizing the central importance of reproduction in human sociocultural and biological experience. It examines why reproduction matters so much to human beings and what anthropology offers to better understand their decisions about having or not having children, and their experiences with periods, infertility, contraception, abortion, pregnancy, pregnancy loss, birth, and care for children. The book shows that all of reproduction is shaped by our evolution, prehistory and history, as well as the cultural, social, political, and economic contexts and conditions that impact our lives. It tells the story of how these conditions enable, support, constrain or coerce reproduction - and how people around the world survive or thrive within, comply with, or resist against these forces to create their reproductive futures. Its primary goals are to promote:

? an understanding of human reproduction as sociocultural and biological experience

? awareness of and attention to the sociocultural, historical, political, and economic contexts and conditions influence the ideas and practices of human reproduction, particularly how social inequities shape reproduction and, in turn, how we can move towards more equal and just reproductive futures.

? to introduce and reinforce an understanding of anthropology as a discipline taking a holistic approach to human experiences. This student-friendly text provides an overview of the fundamental principles of reproduction and is an invaluable guide for anyone wanting to learn more about this fascinating subject.

It is an essential read for students approaching the subject for the first time, as well as researchers coming to the topic from another discipline in the sciences and humanities.

Morseau also challenges the hegemonic narratives of settler futurism found in mainstream science fiction, which often perpetuate colonial fantasies and exclude marginalized voices. By fusing ethnography of tribal nation-building projects and analysis of Indigenous speculative fiction, Morseau provides a path to Indigenous futurisms and its role in imagining decolonization. Morseau' s analysis underscores the potency of Indigenous knowledge systems and ceremonial practices in imagining and actualizing alternative futures.

Mapping Neshnabe Futurity is an essential read for scholars and activists alike, urging a rethinking of how we conceive of futurity and sovereignty. This work shows how counter-mapping projects both on the ground and in the skies reclaim space in the Great Lakes region - Neshnabe homelands - and are part of larger constellations of Indigenous futurities and stories of survivance.

Bringing together case studies from diverse regions and time periods, Warfare and the Dynamics of Political Controlilluminates the multifaceted nature of political violence. The volume includes discussions of human sacrifice, slave-taking, ideological signaling, and military strategy and tactics. The case studies reveal how different forms of political violence influence societal structures. From the fortifications of the Maori in New Zealand to the city walls of early historic India, each contribution provides a detailed analysis of how warfare has been used to both to challenge and to establish political hierarchies. Featuring examples from small foraging communities to large empires across various regions and time periods, the book offers a wide-ranging exploration of how different groups have used and resisted political violence.

This essential work contributes to our understanding of the intersections between conflict and political power, making it a vital resource for scholars of anthropology, archaeology, political science, and history.

With a special focus on social and cultural aspects of tourism and travel, this novel work brings out the latest in anthropology of tourism by laying the foundations of a new understanding of the intersection between tourism and social science. The volume offers an eclectic selection of topics that discuss the nature and evolution of tourism anthropology over the decades. It reflects on how tourism development affects social change. The book considers tourism's new problems and old solutions after the new normal created by the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the tourism industry. Chapters discuss the influence of sociodemographic characteristics of local community perceptions toward conservation and tourism; tourism destinations that embrace smart technology; how human rights affect tourism choices; the impact of borders, biopolitics, and travel bans on tourism; the growth of dark and thana-tourism; and more.

This open access book explores the role of textiles in death to investigate questions into how the body was prepared before the funeral, how the body was seen and perceived by its relatives and community, and the role of textiles in its metamorphosis into a deceased. The volume's geographic coverage is broad, encompassing areas where textile and skeletal conservation is optimal (the ancient Nile Valley) and areas where only minute fragments could be preserved adhering to metal objects. The case-studies cover Egypt, Sudan, Greece, the Iberian Peninsula, Scandinavia, and Central Europe, ranging from the 12th century BCE to the end of the 19th century CE. Going beyond this geohistorical frameworks, the book presents new methods for the study, retrieval and conservation of funerary textiles in situ during excavations. It offers useful tools for future research in both textile archaeology and bioarcheology and promote interdisciplinary collaborations between the two fields for a better understanding of burial practices. Contributors to this volume include experts from the fields of bioanthropology, archaeology, textile research and conservation.