文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This open access book explores the role of textiles in death to investigate questions into how the body was prepared before the funeral, how the body was seen and perceived by its relatives and community, and the role of textiles in its metamorphosis into a deceased. The volume's geographic coverage is broad, encompassing areas where textile and skeletal conservation is optimal (the ancient Nile Valley) and areas where only minute fragments could be preserved adhering to metal objects. The case-studies cover Egypt, Sudan, Greece, the Iberian Peninsula, Scandinavia, and Central Europe, ranging from the 12th century BCE to the end of the 19th century CE. Going beyond this geohistorical frameworks, the book presents new methods for the study, retrieval and conservation of funerary textiles in situ during excavations. It offers useful tools for future research in both textile archaeology and bioarcheology and promote interdisciplinary collaborations between the two fields for a better understanding of burial practices. Contributors to this volume include experts from the fields of bioanthropology, archaeology, textile research and conservation.

This edited volume offers a new approach to the study of emotion in the past, focusing on the experience of emotional attachment. Psychological research has demonstrated that all humans are capable of forming a variety of close social and emotional attachments from cradle to grave, yet archaeology has not, to date, considered the significance of these attachments in any detail. Inspired by Bowlby's theory of attachment, one of the key theories in developmental psychology over the last 60 years, this volume sheds light on what attachment is, how it functions, and how it has influenced human life and material culture from the Palaeolithic to the present. This volume brings together contributions from authors focusing on a variety of subjects related to attachment, from social relationships with people and animals, to places, to material culture, from the deepest reaches of prehistory to the contemporary era. It aims to improve our understanding of where and how archaeologists can look for evidence of these attachments, and in doing so, it helps us to consider how these shape our understanding of human behaviour, cognition and life more broadly. This volume is of interest to archaeologists and scholars of social attachment theory.

This volume challenges the status quo by addressing a selection of intensely discussed themes in contemporary archaeological practice from a gender perspective. It aims to demonstrate that gender is intrinsic to archaeology and that gender archaeology can enrich our studies, irrespective of the discipline's possible future directions and so-called paradigm shifts. The scholarly contributions commissioned for this volume critically discuss and reflect on a wide range of concepts, ideas, principles and theories presently applied in archaeology within the framework of gender.

The chapters included in the first part deal with themes in world archaeology that have little or no focus on gender, such as the Third Science Revolution (e.g. ancient DNA, stable isotopes analyses, big data), posthumanism (e.g. new materialism, symmetrical archaeology and the ontological turn) and digital archaeology and heritage. The second part focuses on themes in which gender archaeology has made serious advances (intersectionality, social inequality, violence, mobility). The third part deals with themes crucial for contemporary archaeology and society, namely, gender education, gender representation in museum exhibitions and the future of gender archaeology. The volume concludes with a coda chapter that critically assesses the preceding contributions and the volume as a whole. The book offers a gender-balanced and inclusive authorship consisting of both well-established and early career researchers closely connected to the EAA, whose professionally, culturally and geographically diverse backgrounds and experiences enrich the viewpoints discussed in the chapters. The targeted audience is archaeologists from all theoretical and scientific backgrounds at all stages of their career.

Chapter 2 "Sex, Gender and the Third Science Revolution" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book is of relevance to all archaeologists and all others concerned with how an interest in the past impacts on the present.

This book explores the manner in which archaeology as a discipline and a field of endeavour contributes to the modern world. The focus throughout the book is on practices - the range of different things that archaeologists do and how they do and have done it in order to explore the field as a distinctive aspect of social practice over time. It also concerns the structures - social, political, economic, professional, philosophical - in which archaeology is performed and the consequences for the discipline and its practitioners. Throughout there is a concern especially with archaeology as a field of political and ethical decision-making, aspects well recognised by practitioners but rarely emphasised.

The book both asks and answers questions about the perception of archaeology from both within and outside the field. The book draws widely on previous work by the author and others - looking at the techniques of the field, the people involved, the political and social impacts both on and by the field. In doing so it seeks to bring these different perspectives together to create a more holistic idea of what archaeology is, has been, and could be. The book is offered to those outside the field as a justification for archaeology - a field coming under increasing pressure from those who consider it (as so many humanities and social science disciplines) as an expensive luxury.

This book provides the current knowledge on prehistoric human contacts and migrations in Northeast Asia (consisting of far eastern Russia, Northeastern Siberia, Korea, Northeast China, and Japan), using obsidian as a commodity. The aim of this book is to reconstruct the patterns of prehistoric exchange and human movements in the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic of Northeast Asia.

The proposed book is the first comprehensive summary of obsidian provenance and issues related to prehistoric human contacts/migrations and early seafaring in Northeast Asia. The particular importance of this book is that obsidian is used as a commodity to establish the movements of ancient people that is almost impossible to do using traditional archaeological approaches. The book contains updated information on the vast region with a multitude of obsidian sources and artefacts, based on the author's first-hand knowledge generated in the last 30+ years. It makes this book a unique source of information derived from Russian, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese publications (as well as English summaries) for comparison between different parts of Northeast Asia.

Why should we study language? How do the ways in which we communicate define our identities? And how is this all changing in the digital world? Over seven editions, many have turned to Language, Culture, and Society for answers to questions like these because of its comprehensive coverage of all critical aspects of linguistic anthropology. This eighth edition carries on the legacy while addressing some of the newer, pressing, and exciting challenges of the twenty-first century, such as issues of language and power, language ideology, linguistic diasporas, as well as online and digital ecosystems. New to this edition are a reconceptualization of how linguistics approaches race, gender, and sexuality, with additional chapters and sections on how linguistics benefits archaeology and biological anthropology, as well as considerations of the relationship between language and truth, ethics, and war and politics. It also features enhanced and updated pedagogical features, such as learning objectives, updated resources for continued learning, and cross-references to updated encyclopedias of linguistic anthropology.

Archaeology: The Science of the Human Past introduces students to the wide-ranging and fascinating world of archaeology and provides them with a comprehensive understanding of fundamental archaeological concepts and methods.

The seventh edition keeps pace with the developments in archaeological science with up-to-date information on dating, artifact analyses, and remote sensing. Theoretical developments in power, gender, and cognition are also included. Introducing the key components of archaeology, including sites, artifacts, ecofacts, remote sensing, and excavation, it discusses the ways archaeologists obtain, analyze, and interpret evidence. Varying perspectives are considered to provide holistic coverage of how archaeological techniques and methods are used to formulate and test models of what happened in the past. Cultural resource management and the laws and regulations that deal with archaeology around the world are described. Archaeology is placed in the context of current topics, from environmental problems to issues affecting Indigenous populations.

Archaeology: The Science of the Human Past remains an ideal introduction to archaeology by offering students a broad and clear understanding of the theoretical and scientific aspects of archaeology and how various archaeological perspectives and techniques help us comprehend not just the past but the contemporary world as well.

This book provides a critical, ethnographically grounded examination of the hype surrounding the idea of impact by investigating the work of those attempting to create innovative social ventures. Through in-depth immersion in the day-to-day running of a social impact accelerator, Guillaume Dumont reveals the intricate, behind-the-scenes socialization through which entrepreneurs learn the ropes of impact entrepreneurship and sheds light on the roles of some of the key players of this unique social world. The book challenges the view that impact is a given property of a venture resulting from an intrinsic desire to change the world embodied by gifted and compassionate entrepreneurs. Instead, Dumont argues that impact emerges iteratively from a process of social engagement and negotiation among entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and mentors as they collaborate in the mundane processes of its production, what he calls "Impact work." This book, therefore, is about impact in the making. It is a story of hope and collaboration unveiling the social and cultural challenges and contradictions faced by those attempting to create alternative organizations addressing social and commercial goals.

Heritage is almost univocally conceived of as valuable and good, something we care for and preserve for ourselves and future generations. Although traditionally associated with the unique and monumental, heritage has over the last decades been broadened in response to claims to incorporate more diverse and globally representative legacies. While such claims are of course welcome, they do not embrace the bulging unruly and obnoxious legacies that now haunt us; legacies that have become so conspicuously manifest that they are claimed as diagnostic of a new epoch, the Anthropocene.

This book targets this exclusion. It claims that the current 'clash' between prevailing conceptions of heritage as something confined, wished for and thus worth saving, and the unruly legacies ignoring such work of purification, urges a reconsideration of strategies and rationales for how to 'deal with' heritage. Through multidisciplinary approaches, ranging from archaeology and heritage studies to philosophy and environmental politics, the contributions bring heritage into dialogue with a wide range of topics including industrialisation, material profusion, modernist architectural material, coastal reclamations, barbed wire, and naval mines. The result is a volume that profoundly challenges traditional understandings of heritage as an exclusive reserve of things selected and managed by us.

Focussing on the ways in which cannabis has been demonized, sacralized and normalized, Christopher Partridge analyses the complex and often difficult relationship Western societies have had with the plant since the nineteenth century.

After an introduction to cannabis and its uses, the book discusses how and why it was constructed as a profane influence and a marker of deviance. It then examines the emergence of medicinal cannabis, showing how this has contributed to its normalization and even its sacralization. Finally, there is a discussion of sacred cannabis, which looks at its use within modern occultism, Rastafari and several cannabis churches.

Overall, the book provides a cultural history of cannabis in the modern world, which exposes the underlying reasons for the various and changing attitudes to this popular psychoactive substance.

This volume is the first manual book to address fire-cracked rock (FCR) or fire-affected rock analysis, thus filling a significant gap in the market and in the existing literature. This book develops a method and theory for how FCR was used, to familiarize readers with a new approach to FCR analysis. The book provides a history and background of fire-cracked rock and leads the reader through the entire process of identifying, categorizing, and analyzing FCR and related features, from the first steps through to interpretations of function, use-alteration, fracturing patterns, experimentation, ethnographic/ethnohistoric uses, and so forth. In addition to exploring the fundamentals of FCR analysis, the book will also cover new and cutting-edge techniques.

This manual is designed to walk archaeologists from step one of FCR analysis to final advanced interpretations of use. It is meant to serve as a laboratory and field guide for students and professionals, containing illustrations, photographs, and case studies in order to familiarize readers with the identification and analysis process while also providing a theoretical and methodological guide for advance academic and cultural resource management research. Thus, this book is meant to target a wide global audience and spatiotemporal range, spanning hundreds of millennia of the human experience, from paleoanthropology and the early adoption of fire through to the present.

Where FCR was once simply quantified according to weight and size, this book will transform it into a significant diagnostic artifact in the study of ancient foodways and domestic life. At sites where organic preservation is poor to non-existent, and the quotidian sphere is obscure, the use of FCR to determine cooking methods and everyday life will come as a breakthrough. This will be a pioneering manual for the study of FCR, focusing on the ways practicing archaeologists can infer function from their FCR collections.

Our Traumatized Planet explores the state of the environment and some of the major issues faced today and asks what we can learn and apply from contemporary traditional peoples, ancient societies, and our own successes and failures.

Providing straightforward information on some of the serious environmental issues we face so that non-scientists can understand them, this book explores what is at stake so that we can choose to make a difference. Combining the latest data from environmental, anthropological, and archaeological science allows for fresh perspectives and an empirical approach to describing these problems that eliminates hopeful denial, speculation, wishful thinking, and downright lies. Using archaeological data, the authors provide examples of success and failures in the past that could be used to make decisions about the future. They also highlight examples of how traditional peoples, past and present, have dealt with these same issues. Seeing the current crisis through the eyes of two experienced anthropologists broadens our understanding and allows us to set contemporary issues in the context of the past and traditional knowledge. However, this is not a book of easy solutions from the past to solve our future; rather, it is an impassioned plea to people today to read and understand what state the planet is in and encourage them to find the will to change.

This book is for students of archaeology, anthropology, and environmental science and all those wanting to, in a clear and readable way, understand the fate of our planet.

What Brexit Means explores the rise of populism in Britain. Drawing on several years of ethnographic fieldwork amongst ideologically committed Brexit activists, it examines the discourse of populism across language, culture, politics, psychology, and cognition. It explains how populism is expressed in terms of ritually renewing social order and solidarity. Rejecting the notion that the territory of populism studies belongs to political science, this book shows how it is in the realm of anthropology - myth, ritual, alterity, consciousness, selfhood - that we witness the most compelling examples of how a phenomena as modern as populism depends upon the same symbolic logics that we find in the premodern world. What Brexit Means is a demonstration of the power of anthropology to explain momentous and poorly predicted transformations in the global order. It will become a benchmark text for those eager for anthropology's contribution to understanding the political turbulence that is rocking the stability of Western democracies.

Communities of Practice and Ethnographic Fieldwork offers a new perspective on how ethnography might be learned in real time through participation in a supportive community of practice.

It draws on the experiences, knowledge, and training of an interdisciplinary group of scholars who have studied legal topics ethnographically alongside and with the support of fellow ethnographers at varying stages of their careers. Contributors address topics that are of interest to those who teach ethnography as well as to those who are learning this approach. Such topics include ethics, positionality in the field, the combination of personal and professional circumstances, and the process and pain of changing research topics. Each chapter emphasizes the role of mentoring and collective problem-solving through a lab model of fieldwork practice, particularly when carrying out research with subjects and interlocutors who may have undergone trauma.

Written by a diverse group of scholars, this volume will appeal especially to Black, Indigenous, and People of Color, and female-identifying ethnographers in a range of fields. It provides a framework for how fieldwork can continue moving forward even in the most challenging of times and will be of particular interest to scholars in anthropology, sociology, law, urban planning/studies, geography, political science, ethnic studies, public policy, sociolegal studies, and education.

This volume presents a comprehensive overview of gender archaeology, both theory and practice, and contributes a substantial and definitive reference work by bringing together state-of-the-art research, theoretical overviews, and the latest debates in the field.

Responding to the shifts in the theoretical landscape and the societal and political frameworks within which we produce our knowledge, chapters create both a solid theoretical baseline which help readers grasp the significance of gender in archaeology as well as offer perspectives on how to engender produced knowledge about the past. In line with recent focus on the shortcomings of gender and archaeological representation, chapters also detangle academic discourse and popular representations in order to present novel ways of successfully negotiating the pitfalls of gendered ideas about past behaviours. By encouraging novel ways of integrating theoretical perspectives with scrutiny of gender stereotypes, original empirical examinations of identity markers and behaviours, and re-examinations of static representations of identities through new lenses, such as intersectional perspectives, personhood, and materiality debates, the volume is theoretically rich and will simultaneously provide a necessary benchmark for future archaeological discourses. Finally, it will incorporate perspectives from researchers with diverse backgrounds and viewpoints to provide a truly comprehensive overview. It will not shy away from engaging with politically contentious issues surrounding knowledge production but will include perspectives from researchers whose focus is less on feminist critiques and more on gender and identities. Thus, the volume bridges the two most prominent directions currently discernible within the focus area, namely, feminist re-examinations on the one hand and research focused more on bodily practice and gendered experiences on the other.

The Routledge Handbook of Gender Archaeology is an invaluable resource for students and researchers in gender archaeology as well as gender studies more widely.