社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This handbook highlights the relevance of the social sciences in global public health and their significantly crucial role in the explanation of health and illness in different population groups, the improvement of health, and the prevention of illnesses around the world. Knowledge generated via social science theories and research methodologies allows healthcare providers, policy-makers, and politicians to understand and appreciate the lived experience of their people, and to provide sensitive health and social care to them at a time of most need.

Social sciences, such as medical sociology, medical anthropology, social psychology, and public health are the disciplines that examine the sociocultural causes and consequences of health and illness. It is evident that biomedicine cannot be the only answer to improving the health of people. What makes social sciences important in global public health is the critical role social, cultural, economic, and politicalfactors play in determining or influencing the health of individuals, communities, and the larger society and nation.

This handbook is comprehensive in its nature and contents, which range from a more disciplinary-based approach and theoretical and methodological frameworks to different aspects of global public health. It covers:

• Discussions of the social science disciplines and their essence, concepts, and theories relating to global public health
• Theoretical frameworks in social sciences that can be used to explain health and illness in populations
• Methodological inquiries that social science researchers can use to examine global public health issues and understand social issues relating to health in different population groups and regions
• Examples of social science research in global public health areas and concerns as well as population groups

The Handbook of Social Sciences and Global Public Health is a useful reference for students, researchers, lecturers, practitioners, and policymakers in global health, public health, and social science disciplines; and libraries in universities and health and social care institutions. It offers readers a good understanding of the issues that can impact the health and well-being of people in society, which may lead to culturally sensitive health and social care for people that ultimately will lead to a more equitable society worldwide.

Healthcare systems around the world are struggling under intense pressure. Ageing populations, declining workforce, funding restraints and spending cuts have combined to produce a challenging environment to deliver a service that is fundamental to the lives of many. This book defines sustainable healthcare as an integrated system, where stakeholders work together to deliver high quality, safe patient care at the lowest possible cost and with a focus on outcomes that patients value. Using this definition as a guide, this book brings together an extensive body of knowledge from an elite group of academics to consider how we can shape healthcare service delivery in a way that delivers sustainable value to society as a whole.

This edited collection will be of interest to academics working in healthcare management, healthcare innovation, the role of technology in healthcare, sustainable healthcare management, and healthcare in public policy. It will also be vital reading for managers and professionals working in health and social care that are interested in research -based solutions to the challenges they face.

This book starts with detailed community-based poverty-alleviation cases and focuses on several important aspects in this field to demonstrate the intervention methods, theoretical paradigms, and intervention models of poverty-alleviation social work. Based on the introduction to the characteristics, theoretical foundation, and practical model of community-based poverty-alleviation social work, this book elaborates the specific operation processes from the perspectives of community intervention, community empowerment, and community construction. Its chapters are arranged in a progressive order yet can also be understood separately. Moreover, not only are the characteristics of community-based anti-poverty social work highlighted in the book, but the essentials of all kinds of related social work in the fight against poverty are reflected. As the first professional book in China that systematically describes the theory and practice of community-based anti-povertysocial work, it is especially suitable for social workers, poverty-alleviation workers, community workers, and readers interested in related topics.

There has been significant societal and global change in recent years with accompanying shifts in how older people are perceived by societies across the world. Different treatment and care possibilities are emerging but concerns about the implications of our longevity also continue to be raised. The value of occupational therapy is greater than ever before, given its work across health and social care boundaries.

Occupational Therapy with Older People Into the 21st Century demonstrates the ways in which occupational therapists can maximise this potential to the benefit of older people. Using best evidence as well as professional and personal perspectives, Mountain explores the realities of later life, ageing in place, the implication of the technological age, meeting needs for rehabilitation, revisiting and valuing the core principles of occupational therapy, and more.

In contrast to other works in this space, Occupational Therapy with Older People Into the 21st Century appraises the totality of interdisciplinary evidence in light of policy and global and national trends, highlighting how evidence generated by other disciplines as well as that created by occupational therapists can be harnessed by the profession.

The healthcare industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing service industries in the world. The respective merits of public and private healthcare systems are continually debated, but a third system - that of healthcare cooperatives - is rapidly emerging as a universal, community-focused and cost-effective alternative. Rooted in remarkable examples from every corner of the world, World Healthcare Cooperatives highlights both the challenges a successful healthcare cooperative may face, as well as its proven effectiveness in making a difference.

Understanding that, for many, especially in developing countries, private hospitals and healthcare insurance plans are expensive and out of reach, and that globally many public healthcare systems are under-resourced, chapters demonstrate how healthcare cooperatives have a critical role to play in providing services sustainably and at an affordable cost. Addressing the persistent gap between supply and demand in the healthcare sector, the authors highlight the capability of healthcare cooperatives to create a positive impact. With examples from Canada, Argentina, Japan, Africa, Brazil, Columbia, Sri Lanka, Spain, and India, chapters showcase the services that cooperatives can offer their communities, including the establishment of hospitals, medical facilities, and other infrastructure, as well as opportunities in biotechnology and information technology research.

Considering more than 100 million households worldwide that have benefitted from healthcare cooperatives, this pioneering collection triggers a new direction of research to support those seeking to establish healthcare infrastructure in developing and least developed countries in achieving universal healthcare for all.

This book provides a basic understanding and concise overview of the nature of population health, the factors that make a new paradigm necessary, and the attributes associated with this unique approach to community health improvement. Written in a very accessible way, the book describes the definition of population health, the attributes of population health, and what population health is and is not. It emphasizes the extent to which the population health model revolutionizes the approach to community health improvement within a contemporary context, beginning with a redefining of such common concepts as "health", "healthcare", "health status", and "health needs assessment". As such, this book is a valuable read for practitioners and professionals who need to be familiar with the population health approach but are not likely to try to implement it.

Race-related disparities in American death rates, exacerbated once again by the Covid-19 pandemic, have persisted since the birth of the modern U.S. medical system a century ago. A unique but fundamentally racist history has prevented the United States from providing the kind of healthcare assurances that are taken for granted in other industrialized nations. The underlying story is one of political, medical, and bureaucratic machinations, all motivated by a deliberate, racist design. In Race, Murder, and Medicine, David Barton Smith traces the Jean Cowsert story and the cold case of her death as a through line to explain the construction and fulfillment of an unequal healthcare system that would rather sacrifice many than provide for Black Americans.

Cowsert's suspicious death came at a key moment in the struggle for universal healthcare in the wealthiest country on earth. Race, Murder, and Medicine is a history of those failed efforts, and a story of selective amnesia about one doctor's death and the movement she died for.

When we imagine life behind the high walls of the fortress-like prisons that were built and modified as the modern prison system was created in the mid-nineteenth century, we conjure up scenes where strict regulation prevailed to control people in body and in mind. An image that poses something of a paradox is that of mothers and their babies living in this carceral environment. This book looks behind the cell doors of these institutions to illuminate the experiences of this group of prisoners. The management of their health alongside the management of penal discipline posed complex conundrums to the prison system. Although rarely fully considered at policy level, this balancing act was negotiated by those who lived and worked in prisons on a daily basis.

An electronic edition of this book is freely available under a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC) licence.

Elements of Moral Experience in Clinical Ethics Training and Practice: Sharing Stories with Strangers is a philosophical and professional memoir of the education, training, and professional development of becoming a clinical ethics consultant. Utilizing a phenomenological and narrative lens, this book offers a fresh and energizing window into the field of healthcare ethics by pairing compelling clinical narratives of what it is like to do clinical ethics consultation with clear reflections and accessible introductions to key philosophical, professional, and humanistic roots for responsible practice. Each chapter contains a firsthand account of a clinical ethics encounter - with vivid detail, verbatim dialogue, and internal monologues that reveal the consultant's reflections throughout the consultation. Following or at times woven into the clinical story, each chapter explores elements of practice by highlighting philosophical, professional, and humanistic resources that connect to and shape meaning in everyday clinical ethics work, drawing from phenomenologically and narratively oriented ethicists (Richard Zaner, Andrea Frolic, Mark Bliton, and Stuart Finder), influential thinkers in adjacent fields (Alfred Schutz, Kurt Wolff, and Pierre Bourdieu), and creative writers and artists (Barry Lopez, Joe Henry, Audre Lorde, Robert M. Pirsig, and Dar Williams). The innovative structure signposts and illustrates distinct elements of clinical ethics experience and practice, inviting the reader to move through the book in different ways, according to their own learning goals, as graduate students, advanced trainees, practicing clinical ethicists, or ethics educators. By focusing on themes identified in the unique instances or experiences of first-hand accounts, or by tracing the philosophical reflections on grounding and orienting texts from the field, readers can access different elements of clinical ethics practice while the book as a whole models a process for considering and interrogating these elements. Elements of Moral Experience in Clinical Ethics Training and Practice: Sharing Stories With Strangers invites readers to articulate, reflect on, share, and ultimately learn from their own experiences in clinical ethics consultation.

Children and Adolescent's Experiences of Violence and Abuse at Home is a unique book that explores some of the main controversies and challenges within the field. The book is organised into three sections, the first covering work that has focused on the experiences of living in DV settings as a child or young person, the second offers overviews of the impact of child victimisation and the final section is about working with children in practice and service-based settings.

It includes extensive reviews of the literature, empirical research and practice observations, all of which provide compelling evidence of a need to change how we construct victims and design services. It provides evidence for the need to work sensitively, inclusively, and responsively around issues of victim identification, support, and prevention. Moreover, the evidence urges us to include children's and adult victim/survivor's experiences and contributions in the creation of services.

Concluding with a series of recommendations for both future research, and ways in which we can help use the research findings to inform practice, it is a must-read for researchers, practitioners and educators working with children and young people within the field of domestic violence and abuse. It will also be of interest and value to policy makers who are reviewing legislation and those involved in commissioning psychological services, and victim services that work with child and adolescent victims.

This book provides practical information about depression and anxiety in primary care, with a focus on the approach in different countries and incorporating global ranges/prevalence, risk factors and health burden including that associated with COVID-19 and its pandemic.

To ensure the challenges of a wide international primary care community are reflected fully, authors from different world regions - Africa, Asia Pacific, East Mediterranean, Europe, IberoAmericana-CIMF, North America and South Asia - have co-contributed to individual chapters on the detection and management of depression and anxiety in primary care in their own countries, including the screening tools used, how widely these tools are adopted and by whom, and current policies. As well as the medical model, it also presents the alternative viewpoint that feeling low or anxious is part of the human condition and the attention should be on supporting people in their journey through life, struggling to deal with the mainly social challenges they meet, rather than defining these problems as disorders or diseases requiring identification and treatment.

Key Features:

• Explores the instruments used for the detection of depression and anxiety in primary care in various countries, and why and how these instruments are being used
• Describes the pharmaceutical and non-drug interventions for treating depression and anxiety in primary care and compares the similarities and differences in detecting and managing depression and anxiety in primary care among different countries
• Includes in-depth regional examples of how screening tools are used in practice and how policies can be established in the management of depression and anxiety in primary care
• Concludes with lessons learned from various countries and from different stakeholders with clear advice on what to do and, importantly, what not to do

Addressing primary care detection and management of mental health issues across the globe, the book will be an invaluable practical aid for family medicine practitioners and the wider primary and community care teams and a useful reference for those involved in policy setting at regional and national levels including ministries of health.

Modernity and the Pandemic: Decivilization, Imperialism, and COVID-19 applies the tools of critical social theory to make sense of the COVID-19 crisis and presents a critical sociological analysis of aspects of the political and community response to the pandemic.

The book focuses on key themes integral to a sociology of pandemics in the "global" age. Firstly, Creaven argues that cultures of individualism and consumerism, and of pervasive and deeply entrenched social inequalities (that is, decivilization), significantly weaken the cause of public health by weakening the compliance of people with state-mandated non-pharmaceutical interventions (including and especially physical distancing rules) and encouraging vaccine hesitancy. Secondly, Creaven examines how interstate competition and imperial politics have undermined an effective global policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy failure with regard to the management of the pandemic is interpreted as being rooted in the dominance of neoliberal ideology and governance in the politics of international relations, particularly in the politics of the leading state actors, by protecting corporate interests at the expense of public health, and in the constraints imposed on state actors by the competitive dynamic of multinational capitalism in the "global" age.

Modernity and the Pandemic will appeal to scholars in the humanities and social sciences with interests in neoliberalism and its social, cultural, and epidemiological impacts.

Contagion Capitalism situates the COVID-19 pandemic within the systems of global political economy and their attendant cultural modes and theorizes that these systems act as facilitators and drivers of global pandemic risk.

Contagion Capitalism therefore critiques the institutionalized corporate-capitalist control of the economy, the state, and science, and the grave consequences this has on global public health policy, the ecological crisis of sustainability, and zoonotic pandemic events such as COVID-19. In doing so, this book addresses the failings of what may be termed as "state science" or "establishment science" in managing the pandemic, as personified especially by those elements of the scientific elite placed in the service of the neoliberal state. This book also explores the limitations of corporate pharmacological technoscience in safeguarding public health, arguing that "Big Pharma" offers only partial remedies for problems of human illness and well-being, poses its own dangers to public health, and obfuscates the social bases of public ill-health and of pandemic risk. Contagion Capitalism further argues that COVID-19 will not be the last or even the most dangerous such epidemiological event. This is because the social production and global dissemination of zoonotic diseases is integral to contemporary capitalism, by virtue of its instrumental mode of science, its central dynamic of production for the sake of accumulation, and the consumer mode this sustains as its own condition of existence. These are the drivers of what may be termed as zoonotic accelerationism.

Contagion Capitalism will appeal to scholars in the humanities and social sciences with interests in neoliberal ideology and global political economy, and their impact upon social, political and cultural life.

This book is about the everyday life of people with visual impairment or blindness. Using video ethnographic methods and ethnomethodological conversation analysis, it unpacks the practical accomplishments of everyday activities such as navigating in public space, identifying objects and obstacles, being included in workplace activities, interacting with guide dogs, or interacting in museums or classes in school.

Navigation, social inclusion, and the world of touch constitute key phenomena that are affected by visual impairment and which we study in this book. Whereas sighted people use their sight for navigating, for figuring out the location of co-participants and the embodied cues they produce, and for achieving understanding of objects in the world, visually impaired people on the contrary cannot rely on vision for navigating, for interpreting embodied cues, or for identifying or recognizing objects. Other sensory resources and other practices are employed to accomplish these basic human actions. The chapters in this book present examples and findings relevant to these issues and draw out the general theoretical implications of these findings. Whereas existing research often studies visual impairment from a medical, cognitive, and psychological perspective, this book provides insights into how visually impaired people accomplish ordinary activities in orderly, organized ways by a detailed study of their actions. While most books describe cognitive and biological issues, many of them using experimental methods, this book provides empirical findings about the actual daily lives as it naturally unfolds based on video recordings. The book contributes insights into the practices of living with visual impairment as well as perspectives for rethinking some of the most basic aspects of human sociality, including perception, interaction, multisensoriality and ocularcentrism (the view that the world is de facto designed by and for sighted persons). As such, the book provides novel findings in the field of ethnomethodological conversation analysis.

Renewing the social model of disability, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology with interests in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, the emergence of practical skills, and understandings of disability in terms of relations between the individual and the social environment.

Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.