社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book powerfully sets out the case for Transitional Safeguarding, a new approach to protection and safeguarding designed to address the needs and behaviours of young people in their mid-teens to mid-twenties who are falling between gaps in current systems, with often devastating results.

Addressing these gaps, it outlines how the specific needs of young people can be met through this approach. Written by leading experts in this area with strong practice networks, it presents up-to-date evidence for its effectiveness, and also uses examples from practice to illustrate the ways in which services are beginning to address these issues.

Health inequalities are widening, and crises of obesity, physical inactivity and mental health are worsening around the world. Yet there remains a reluctance to discuss the threat capitalism poses to health and wellbeing. Offering a unique contribution to the field, Capitalism, Health and Wellbeing: Rethinking Economic Growth for a Healthier, Sustainable Future addresses the elephant in the room: economic growth.

Challenging this crucial yet overlooked issue, author Rob Noonan contends that the drive for economic growth is at odds with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals to achieve a better and more sustainable future. He argues that if the 'health for all' goal is to be achieved, it is imperative to redesign the economic system and social progress metrics that promote productivity and consumption at the expense of health and wellbeing. While clearly outlining the challenges governments face, Noonan offers solutions on how we can reverse the accelerating trends of obesity, physical inactivity and poor mental health, as well as how we can use scientific understanding and history to improve public health and reduce health inequalities.

Rooted in thoughtful evidence and achievable actions, this work empowers readers to contribute to positive transformation and create a healthier, more just and more sustainable world.

Hosoi, Tatsuno and Pratt examine the realities, problems and backgrounds of crimes committed by elderly people in both Japan and international perspectives.

Japan's aging population is a commonly known issue globally, and the world looks to Japan to understand the issues that other nations may experience in the future. One such aspect is an increase in crimes committed by the elderly. According to the National Police Agency in Japan, the proportion of elders arrested for committing theft has doubled over the past 10 years. The chapters in this volume look to answer questions around the reason for elder crime, the types of crime and punishment that exists in this cohort of society and how this increasingly large problem in society can be managed.

This book offers important insights into the societal issues and potential solutions for aging societies around the world. It will be a valuable research reference for scholars of mental health, criminology, population studies and Asian studies.

The Routledge Pocket Guide to Medical Latin is a medical reference tool like no other, providing an easy-to-use, extensive guide to Latin words and phrases commonly used in medical settings.

Offering readers a treasury of nearly 4000 Latin words and phrases, over 900 abbreviations, and numerous tables with dozens of useful Latin terms and interesting quotations drawn from the field of medicine, this volume also encompasses the related fields of pharmacy, botany, dentistry, and the veterinary sciences. This book provides quick and accessible definitions and explanations of Latin words and phrases used in the medical world, as well as a helpful pronunciation guide. In addition, there is a section of miscellaneous entries that comprises useful information, including common Latin prepositions, prefixes, and particles. Included at the end of this book is an extensive English-Latin index.

The Routledge Pocket Guide to Medical Latin is an invaluable reference work for medical and pharmacy students and practitioners, as well as general readers interested in the history of medicine and medical terminology.

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted by an American nurse, Caring in Context is an exploration of how most of the world experiences cancer, and how nurses bear witness and respond to the suffering of others when they have little means to help-or for complex reasons, choose not to.

This compelling book centers on nurses in a government cancer hospital in South India and examines key contexts that influence nursing practice and the delivery of healthcare, including hierarchical legacies of colonialism and the caste system, resource scarcity, power and perceived powerlessness, and gender inequities. These themes are illustrated through intersecting narratives, such as the story of Hameeda, an orphaned teenager with sarcoma who lives at the hospital until she becomes paralyzed, and Sister Meena, a nurse who strives to provide better care but encounters overwhelming structural obstacles and is chastised by her superiors for doing too much.

Offering a critical re-examination of the realities faced by clinicians, patients, and family members who struggle to deliver and receive cancer care, Caring in Context's unique perspective and accessible style will appeal to a wide and interdisciplinary audience, from practitioners, academics, and advocates to anyone interested in the complex context of the human experience.

This book explores the concept of disability through a social, political, cultural, religious, and economics lens. It challenges the categorization of ‘physically-disabled’ produced by way of legal, medical, political, cultural, and literary narratives that comprise an exclusionary discourse.

The volume discusses themes like disability and identity politics; disability and the western epistemology; disability in India; disability and the Indian English fiction and Hindi cinema to question the embodied hegemony of ‘norms’ and their effects in the construction and history of societies. It analyses select literary and cinematic texts like Trying to Grow, Fireproof, and Animal’s People; and movies, Black and Lafangey Parindey to critically examine the representation of disabled people as freak, monstrous and animal. The book also makes policy recommendations for inclusive education and work norms for disabled people.

This book will be beneficial for scholars and researchers of disability studies, cultural studies, film studies, and English literature.

This book examines sanitation and toilet access across rural India, focusing on psychological, socio-cultural, infrastructural, and normative barriers to the initiative of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). While sketching the evolution of sanitation policies in India, it assesses their impact on sanitation behaviour. It also studies the implications of variations in caste, religion, and geography on toilet usage across Indian states.

By analysing data from various states and intensive micro-level studies of three states, i.e., rural Bihar, Gujarat, and Telangana, this volume:

• Suggests that socio-cultural factors are as significant as economic factors in shaping sanitation behaviour
• Argues that the concepts of cleanliness and pollution are often determined by the social-cultural context, rooted in historical events that have shaped traditional beliefs and ideas about space
• Explores gendered perspectives on the usage of and access to toilets
• Highlights the limited effectiveness of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) programs in encouraging toilet adoption and emphasizes the need for information dissemination at the ground level
• Gives recommendations for enhancing the adoption of toilets in rural India, including provision for more than one toilet per household, uninterrupted access to water, and behavioural change to combat open defecation

This book will be useful to students studying sociology, psychology, social work, and development studies. It will also be an invaluable companion to NGOs, social workers and activists actively involved in water, sanitation, and hygiene. Moreover, this book holds immense value as a pivotal resource and point of reference for policymakers engaged in rural development with a specific focus on Sustainable Development Goals.

This timely and powerful autoethnography traces the spread of and responses to Covid-19: from the uncertainty surrounding its outbreak, to its devastating and continued aftermath. Following the virus in real time, it explores the fears, risks and responses to the global pandemic, and how it has shaped our everyday lives against the backdrop of social and political upheaval, and the looming climate crisis.

Social theorist and moral philosopher, Victor Jeleniewski Seidler, discusses fundamental questions of inequality and injustice regarding race, class and gender brought to the fore by the visibility of varying risk levels, vulnerabilities and protections provided by legislative measures against the virus. This interdisciplinary analysis scrutinises values, ethics, responsibilities and uncertain futures formed by the global health crisis, and evaluates media and communications strategies, government responses and political communications at domestic and international levels. Seidler shares critical insights into the cultural history of pandemics, highlighting lessons to be learned from anticipating, preparing for and enduring moments of crisis. Perceiving how the pandemic and climate emergency are interwoven, the book concludes with an urgent call to rebuild sustainable economic, political and ecological imaginations.

This wide-reaching volume will appeal to a broad academic readership in environmental studies, sociology, philosophy, health studies, cultural studies, gender studies, media and communication.

This book examines the concept of health psychology following its trajectory from ancient to contemporary times. It analyses the theories, practice and research in health psychology from both Indian and Western perspectives.

The volume brings together knowledge diversified across various narrow subfields. It expounds upon physiological psychology; chronic illnesses associated with physiological systems; and biopsychosocial approaches to treatment and management with therapeutic interventions integrated throughout the book. It further discusses health promotive and health risk behaviour with reference to health policies and databases at national and global levels.

This book will be beneficial to the students, researchers and teachers of psychology, applied psychology, public health, public policy, community health, and medical and paramedical studies. It will also be indispensable to the policy-makers and NGOs working in the field of public health.

As a social worker, you must make sense of complex situations and determine the needs of various individuals. As star constellations offer a guide by which to navigate, social work theories offer ways to make sense of practice.

Tackling the major theories used within social work, this book gives a concise and engaging overview of how practice is influenced by each approach described. The book outlines the origins and historical context of social work, which allows the reader to see how theoretical fashions have changed and adapted to certain times, and offers advice on the best way forward for the modern-day social worker. Packed with thought-provoking case studies and reflective questions on each topic, readers will be encouraged to question the theories outlined - a skill crucial to being a truly effective social work practitioner.

The book is ideal for quick reference in lectures, on placement or in practice. Whether you're a student, a newly qualified social worker or a 'seasoned' professional, you will return to this indispensable text time and time again.

A Brief Introduction to Social Work Theory is also available in audiobook format from audiobook retailers.

Combining the theory and practice of academic writing, this book helps you to master the basics of writing at university. It equips you with the skills needed to examine cognitive processes such as reflection and critical thinking and includes essential information on referencing your work correctly and avoiding plagiarism.

A comprehensive writing toolkit for students of nursing, midwifery, health and social care, it provides a step-by-step approach to a whole range of genres specific to these disciplines, going beyond the traditional academic essay to include care critiques, action plans, portfolios and systemic reviews as well as complex argumentative writing and the undergraduate dissertation proposal. It also offers help with texts for professional development such as portfolios and conference abstracts.

Supporting you throughout your degree, this new edition includes:
- A new section on making effective notes;
- An updated section on reflection including the latest reflective models;
- A wider range of examples covering areas such as mental health, children and learning disabilities in nursing and midwifery care; and
- A self-assessment quiz and achievement chart to help you track your learning as you work through the book.

Written in a lively, engaging and accessible style, this book is an invaluable companion for students at all levels, and will give you the confidence to succeed on your course.

Throughout the COVID-19 crisis, nation states found new ways to assert power under the guise of public health, from closing or tightening borders to expanding the boundaries of acceptable citizen surveillance. As these controls increased in intensity, citizens' passions to cross borders seemed to grow in proportion. Pandemic Crossings explores how these processes of boundary making and crossing, often mediated by digital technology despite inequity of access, had profound and often contradictory consequences on individual lives, national politics, and U.S.-China relations. This rich and geographically diverse collection of studies informed by everyday, individual experiences contribute new insights to the interplay between digital technologies and state governance during the covid-19 pandemic. It opens up new avenues of research not only on the covid-19 pandemic but also on global health crises more broadly.

This comprehensive resource provides a one-stop information repository, exploring all psychological aspects of Covid-19. Divided into three sections, the book covers the psycho-social impact on society and individuals and our collective cooperative behaviour, as well as philanthropic efforts, coping strategies and technological interventions, and how lessons learned will help in preparedness for the future.

Including case studies and the latest research from diverse scientific studies across different regions, this book examines how psycho-social paradigms changed as a result of the pandemic, and left their watermark on the human psyche. It also explores the coping strategies adopted to deal with this common aggressor and how the techniques varied in accordance with social, cultural and geographical factors. The final section offers new insights for the future, highlighting the psychological infrastructure required, the type of preparedness and handling strategies necessary to mitigate the impact of any future biogenic pandemics.

Combining theory and practical application, this is a valuable reading for academics and researchers as well as practising psychologists, clinical psychologists, and law-makers who are concerned with mental health.

This book explores how social determinants of health (SDH) impact the health of a variety of marginalized demographic groups in the USA.

Chapters focus on the 13 groups that research demonstrates are most disadvantaged by SDH and, consequently, who suffer the most from ongoing health disparities in America. This includes Black and Hispanic individuals, the LGBTQIA+ community, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, veterans, and those living in rural areas, among others.

Chapters follow a standardized format that makes it easy for readers to focus in on aspects of the subject that are of greatest interest. Each profile begins with a snapshot of that group's current state of health, including the biggest medical concerns and how other determinants of health may play a role. Next, each chapter takes an in-depth look at the four components of SDH: economic factors, educational access and quality, healthcare access and quality, and living environment and social context. Unique problems and possible solutions are explored within each of these four sections. An end-of-volume bibliography and Further Readings point readers toward additional information.

Relying on an interdisciplinary framework, the book incorporates research from diverse fields including public health, feminist theory, critical studies of race and ethnicity, poverty studies, disability studies, aging studies, cultural competence, legal studies, and global health. In recognition of the reality that health disparities are the result of a complex interplay of forces and structural factors that permeate American culture, analysis extends beyond health and health care to include a broad range of interrelated social, political, economic, and educational components.

Providing a concise introduction to the field of occupational and environmental medicine, this book delves into what it does, how it protects workers, how it benefits employers, and how it is developing as an important field in health protection.
This book shines a light on an important but little-appreciated corner of medicine where health, technology, the environment, and the economy come together to have a real impact on people and society. The text serves as one of the few entry points into the world of occupational and environmental health protection for readers interested in learning more about it and what it can do for them.

Readers will be introduced to such topics as the history of occupational and environmental medicine (OEM), schools of thought associated with OEM, the relationship of OEM to neighboring fields of study, and profiles of OEM practitioners. This guide emphasizes the rich potential for environmental medicine to contribute to sustainability, public health, and community health protection, making it an essential resource for anyone interested or involved in these sectors.

This book focuses on the patient experience as a leadership strategy. It explores the relationships between coordinated care, expert leadership, provider-patient communications, and the patient experience. When clinical and nonclinical staff collaborate effectively, healthcare teams can improve patient outcomes, prevent medical errors, improve efficiency, and increase patient satisfaction.

Surprisingly, however, healthcare leaders tend to prioritize specific metrics to improve hospital performance and patient satisfaction even though patient experience and provider-patient communications are intertwined. Determining the most effective strategy for achieving higher levels of service quality and patient satisfaction can prove elusive for providers.

Consider the evidence: a survey in 2012 of more than 17,000 healthcare leaders in North America, for example, found that leaders' perceptions did not always match the data, and many hospital leaders overestimated the performance of their hospitals. Over 75% of the hospital leaders reported "quality of care" was something their hospital did well, while their patients, on average, rated them lower on perceived service quality. Ten years later, in 2022, only a few providers integrated best practices to achieve high patient satisfaction which severely impacted CMS Hospital Star Rating. This has significant effects on profit margins since patients consider the star rating differentials in their choices of hospitals and are willing to pay upward of 17% extra for treatments in 5-star hospitals, a revenue generating source of income at times when hospitals have seen falling revenues (down 4.8%) and rising labor (up 37%) from pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels.

To reduce the gap between perception and reality, hospital leaders can consider the link between communication goals (e.g., responsiveness of hospital staff, pain management, communication about medicines) and outcomes (e.g., increased adherence and compliance, readmission, healthcare delivery costs, hospital overall ratings) as well as improve the patient experience.

When intentions and outcomes are aligned, they create a powerful medium by which healthcare leaders can evaluate the gaps that exist between patient care measures and best practices and mitigate organizational or technological factors relevant to improving the patient experience. When the alignment is optimal, care teams develop a better sense of shared purpose, become more committed and accountable, and work together to improve the patient experience. When accomplished, patients participate more fully and actively in the exchange and are discharged with an enhanced commitment to carry out care management requirements.

Key topics in this practical guide include provider-patient communications; demonstrating the value of patient-focused care; how physician and nurse executives use synergy as a strategy; engaging board members in promoting quality and safety goals and in developing hospital community partnerships; building bridges between physicians, administrators, trustees, and hospital staff; and developing a leadership pipeline.

A leading evolutionary historian offers a radical solution to racial health disparities in the United States.

Constance B. Hilliard was living in Japan when she began experiencing joint pain. Her doctor diagnosed osteoarthritis-a common ailment for someone her age. But her bloodwork showed something else: Hilliard, who had never had kidney problems, appeared to be suffering from renal failure. When she returned to Texas, however, a new round of tests showed that her kidneys were healthy. Unlike the Japanese doctor, her American primary care provider had checked a box on her lab report for "African American." As a scholar of scientific racism, Hilliard was perplexed. Why should race, which experts agree has no biological basis, matter for getting accurate test results?

Ancestral Genomics is the result of Hilliard's decade-long quest to solve this puzzle. In a masterful synthesis of evolutionary history, population genetics, and public health research, she addresses the usefulness of race as a heuristic in genomic medicine. Built from European genetic data, the Human Genome Project and other databases have proven inadequate for identifying disease-causing gene variants in patients of African descent. Such databases, Hilliard argues, overlook crucial information about the environments to which their ancestors' bodies adapted prior to the transatlantic slave trade. Hilliard shows how, by analyzing "ecological niche populations," a classification model that combines family and ecological histories with genetic information, our increasingly advanced genomic technologies, including personalized medicine, can serve African Americans and other people of color, while avoiding racial essentialism.

Forcefully argued and morally urgent, Ancestral Genomics is a clarion call for the US medical community to embrace our multigenomic society.

What is social work? How is it carried out? What skills does it require?

Despite its many challenges, social work remains a rewarding career that makes a difference. Understanding Social Work is a much-loved and highly acclaimed introduction to what is involved in the role, offering an excellent grounding in what the profession is all about.

Neil Thompson provides a clear and helpful account of the knowledge, skills and values that underpin social work, makes clear what some of the main challenges of social work are and helps you rise to those challenges.

Each engaging and succinct chapter supports the reader's learning and development with case studies, valuable advice from experienced practitioners, practical exercises and further reading suggestions.

In this sixth edition, Thompson shares lessons from his expert witness work and offers renewed focus on the significance of loss and grief and the resurgence of interest in anti-racism in social work.

It is an ideal starting point for people considering a career in social work, students beginning their social work journey and for experienced practitioners who want to revisit their roots.

Accompanying online resources are available at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/the-effective-social-worker. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Learning Disability and Everyday Life brings into conversation ideas from social theory with "thick" descriptions of the everyday life of a middle-aged man with learning disabilities and autism.

This book is markedly ethnographic in its orientation to the gritty graininess of everyday life-eating, drinking, walking, cooking, talking, and so on-in, with, and alongside learning disability. However, preoccupation with, the "small" coexists with a gaze intent upon capturing a bigger picture, to the extent that the things constituting everyday life are deployed as prisms through and with which to critically reflect upon the wider worlds of dis/ability and everyday life. Such attention to the small and the big-the micro and the macro-allows this book to explore the ordinary and everyday ways meanings about normalcy and abnormalcy, ability and disability, are put together, enacted, practised, made (up)-in the sense of constituting and fabricating-and, crucially, accomplished through and between people in specific, and invariably contingent, sociocultural, discursive, and material conditions of possibility.

This book will be of specific interest not only to students and scholars of disability but also to persons with lived experiences of disability. This book will also be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology and sociology.

Representation of Disability in Children's Video Games looks at how children's engagement with characters and stories in video games helps create the perception of disability they have as teens and adults. Drawing on child development theory supported by neuroscience, the book shows how the scaffold of information, the schema, adults have of disability is first created at a very young age as they interact through play with characters with disabilities in narrative video games.

Positing that early video game play experiences should provide exposure to narrative schemas that add understanding and help create meaning about the disability represented, the book presents how such representation in children's video games maps against cognitive development and the psychomotor and cognitive needs and abilities of children 3-12. Through close readings of over 40 PEGI 3 and PEGI 7 (ESRB E, 10+) games and analysis of games as diverse as Backyard Baseball and Sly Cooper, the author defines broad categories of representation: representation as cosmetic, providing exposure but not game play utility; as incidental, used as a device that provides purpose for the narrative; or as more authentically representing the disability as integral to the character and their life. The book provides readers with an overview of contemporary games that betters their understanding of how children's games present disability and how children create their perceptions through interaction with characters and stories.

This book will be of interest to academics and students of game studies in topics such as behavioural science, ethics, and HCI, as well as in sociology, communications, and digital media. It is pertinent in particular to game developers and to educators, disability advocates, parents, and policy makers.

This concise, accessible, and engaging handbook offers a companion for social work students to acquire professional and competency-based writing skills. Written by experienced educators, the book builds writing proficiency by introducing a social work-based guide to academic writing and professional communication. Each chapter addresses a specific area of social work writing and development, progressing from coursework and beginning fieldwork to practice-based assessments and reports. The authors integrate a series of scaffolded activities throughout for readers to cultivate awareness and further technique; and with sections explaining contemporary communication methods and common writing challenges, readers will be prepared to use technology both to strengthen their writing and to ease the overall process.

Excellent for use in courses across the social work curriculum and as a personal guide, the Handbook for Social Work Writing provides students with on-the-spot guidance for any type of academic or professional writing assignment.

This book provides a one-stop resource for understanding the full dimensions of income inequality in the USA, including chief socioeconomic drivers of inequality and proposals to reduce the widening gap between rich and poor in America.

Carefully researched and scrupulously nonpartisan, this resource examines the history and current state of income inequality in the USA, with a particular focus on key issues, events, and political/economic philosophies relevant to the enduring divide between rich and poor in America. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the complex history of income inequality in an easy-to-understand fashion that helps readers identify and assess the ways in which income inequality shapes many aspects of modern American society. The book is even-handed in its treatment of the academic and policy debates over the causes, consequences, and appropriate response to today's growing inequality.

In addition, this resource provides insights into the financial underpinnings of debt and wealth and capitalism and how all of those factors perpetuate themselves. It also examines problems and challenges related to child care, education, transportation, housing, and saving for retirement that hamper so many poor people in their efforts to lift their households out of poverty.