社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

Providing an overview of the knowledge and methods required by professionals working in a mandated setting with adults who have committed offences, Forensic Social Work presents evidence-based knowledge in an accessible way that can be directly translated to application in daily practice.

Covering a wide range of topics, Part 1 of the book includes foundational theories that provide a solid basis for the development of practice-based methods and forensic social professionalism, the development of offending behaviour, desistance, professional reflection and resilience of professionals. Part 2 develops and organises the forensic social supervision process and deals with planning, assessment of risk and protective factors, cooperation with other professionals, volunteers, experts by experience and the social network. Part 3 contains essential practices for forensic social professionals, including the dynamics of involuntary interaction, the working alliance, motivating, strength-based and restorative practices and de-escalation strategies. Finally, Part 4 deals with unique client needs, such as debt, trauma, mild intellectual disability, substance use and mental disorders. There is also a focus on digital crimes and the online 'street identity' that becomes intertwined with offending behaviour in young adults.

Intended for use in either practical training or theoretical study, this book will be of value to professionals such as probation workers, forensic mental health professionals and prison staff, as well as students studying or training in areas related to forensic social work.

This book considers the structure and demographics of the workforce in nursing and midwifery higher education, observing the gender divide, highlighting the impact of intersectionality, and exploring the challenges and opportunities this provides. Divers and Chenery-Morris look at the power of clinical practice, the perception of nursing and midwifery as 'women's work,' perceptions of meaning around being female, social mobility, race, sexuality, the 'caring role,' academic identities and the role of men. To investigate these issues, they introduce intersectional case studies of the lived experiences of women working in higher education and make connections to the wider international literature, in particular sociological, feminist and gender theories.

The chapters are linked to larger questions that encompass the purpose of universities more generally, including social mobility, generating new knowledge, challenging irrelevant practices or those rooted in colonisation, and reflexivity culminating in visions of the future for the professions. Showcasing a range of experiences and voices from nursing and midwifery academics, this is an important contribution to discussions of gender in higher education and in the caring professions.

It will interest advanced students and researchers from nursing, midwifery, education, sociology, and gender studies.

Available open access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

One of the most significant ways that social workers can engage with policy is by holding elected office. How and why do social workers transition into political roles? And what impact do they have on policy making once they get there?

This book is the first systematic, comparative study of social workers in electoral politics across liberal democracies. Drawing on a common conceptual framework, leading scholars analyse the recruitment, career trajectories and advocacy roles of social workers in Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Israel, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, the UK and the US. The book highlights key similarities, differences and underlying factors that shape social workers' political engagement.

This is a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, policy makers and students in social work, social policy and political science, offering fresh insights into the intersection of professional practice and political leadership.

This book investigates how mental health in South Africa is conceptualised and constructed in public policy. Critiquing embedded assumptions within existing policy documentation, the book advocates for policy solutions centred on poverty alleviation and economic development.

Mental health in South Africa has historically been neglected within the health-care system, a stark reality underscored by the Life Esidimeni tragedy, which exposed widespread mismanagement, negligence, and insufficient resources in mental health-care services. While South Africa has enacted progressive mental health policies, their effective implementation remains hindered by systemic challenges. This book investigates the dominant problems represented in mental health policies, including the segregation of mental health from general health services, inadequate intersectoral collaboration in mental health care, community disconnection from mental health services, the association between poverty and mental health issues, and infringements upon the rights of individuals with mental health problems. Overall, the book underscores mental health as a socio-economic issue, requiring new policy solutions.

This book will be an essential read for mental health professionals and policy makers in South Africa, as well as for researchers working on the good governance of mental health, both within the country and at global and multilateral levels.

The second edition of this landmark handbook provides an authoritative overview of the emergence and development of cultural gerontology. It reveals the vibrancy and diversity of theory, methodology and research methods, and reflects on changes in the field since the first edition and examines future directions.

Over the last two decades, cultural gerontology has emerged as one of the most lively and insightful areas of academic analysis. Whilst the Cultural Turn may have come quite late to ageing studies, cultural perspectives have increasingly influenced the field. Drawing from work across the humanities and social sciences, it has changed the ways in which we study later years, challenging old stereotypes, bringing to bear new theories, new methodologies, as well as new forms of political and intellectual engagement.

The aim of this second edition of the handbook has been to bring together both new and original authors to provide a critical analysis of key perspectives and debates, and consider avenues for future agendas, within their own fields of cultural gerontology. There are new topics and themes, new theoretical and methodological perspectives, as well as chapters that have been extensively revised and updated. The handbook offers lively, interdisciplinary and vibrant accounts of later life around five interconnected areas: the politics and theorising of ageing; materiality and embodiment; cultures of care; identities, relationships and consumption; and arts and technologies.

The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Gerontology captures the field's past, present and future in widening the social gerontological imaginary and brings new and creative methodologies to bear on the understanding of all dimensions of the lives of people in mid to later life. It is essential reading for students and scholars concerned with ageing and gerontology.

This book presents realistic cancer-related clinical dilemmas and provides guidance on how to assess options and make ethical decisions.

The provided case studies explore how decisions are made in ethically and sometimes morally challenging situations in practice. Approaches to care delivery focus on the perspective of the individual in terms of their practical, social, psychological, and emotional needs. Considerations are integrated with a range of solutions-focused perspectives to allow readers to discuss clinical dilemmas in a safe space while applying and expanding their professional knowledge.

This book provides an invaluable resource for any healthcare student, clinical supervisor, academic educator, and anybody working within the cancer setting.

Drawing on anthropometric data, this book examines the evolution of biological living standards of Latin American populations and evaluates the inequality of nutrition and health in the region in the modern era.

Utilising data from the 19th and 20th centuries, and providing broad coverage of Latin America, the chapters analyse the following topics: the evolution of stature before and after independence; the effects of economic modernisation since the 1870s and 1880s, that were accompanied by profound political, demographic, epidemiological and environmental changes that affected biological well-being of the population; the trend and evolution of anthropometric measures associated with nutritional, demographic and epidemiological transitions; the prevalence of malnutrition associated with stunting and obesity in traditional and modern societies, both rural and urban; the reduction or expansion of regional, social, income and educational differences in biological living standards as measured by mean heights; and the evolution of stature sexual dimorphism and the comparative importance of nutritional inequality by race and gender. The book highlights, on the one hand, the importance of anthropometric indicators to analyse living standards and human well-being in historical perspective and, on the other hand, the value of an interdisciplinary approach in examining questions of human growth and biological wellbeing.

The book will be of great interest to readers in economic history, Latin American history and studies and the history of inequality and living standards.

This book investigates multi-disciplinary approaches to addressing the health of disadvantaged communities through equitable community development systems (CDSs).

The core concepts underlying the book are three dimensions of support infrastructure (people: human-centering; place: place-cultivating; and ecosystem: sustainable capitalization), leveraging several theories (community capital, social justice) from community development. This book is based on the results of a recent grassroots, citywide engagement-driven initiative in Detroit, and on best-practice case studies in Chicago, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Boston, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Richmond, and Portland. The initiative's significant outcomes include a consensus-bolstered by those case studies-on seven components deemed essential to an equitable system for community development. This book proposes that the CDS can enhance community health if at least the following requirements are met: (1) adoption of a community-vitality framework as a citywide shared narrative; (2) coordination across financial institutions to allocate funds equitably to underserved communities; and (3) implementation of system governance with stronger attention to resident voices.

This book demonstrates that bottom-up CDSs can and should be leveraged to enhance the health of underserved communities and investigates how best to address the three requirements to make the equitable system-based approach work effectively in practice. The audience of community development and community health actors will learn from Detroit and the case studies-offering lessons for other cities facing similar issues-how to leverage equitable CDSs to promote healthy communities.

Public Health and the Pandemic in Colonial Bengal examines the interplay between colonial governance and public health crises by focusing on the effects of the 1918-19 Spanish Influenza pandemic in Bengal.

During the time of the pandemic, Bengal was a region of stark contrasts-rich in culture and intellectual thought yet marred by deep social and economic disparities. The outbreak of Spanish Influenza coincided with a turbulent period in Bengal's history. The region was not only grappling with the effects of World War I and the challenges of colonial rule but also undergoing significant political and social changes. The pandemic added a complex layer to this already dynamic historical context. Based on archival material, newspapers, and public health records, the book unveils how colonial authorities tried to suppress the crisis and how local communities protested against colonial brutality. With a unique emphasis on the context of colonial Bengal, the author highlights the socio-economic disparities exacerbated by colonial rule.

The study contributes to the broader discourse on health crises in colonial settings, offering insights into the historical roots of public health in India. It provides essential insights into the medical, social, and economic reactions to both current and future health emergencies and will be of interest to researchers in the fields of history, including medical history, public health, sociology and medical anthropology, and political science and law.

This highly accessible book identifies the major air pollutants which cause human health concerns and examines the sources of these pollutants. With a focus on NOx gases, particulate matter (PM), tropospheric ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Part 1 covers the theory and relates these pollutants to specific health outcomes by examining the nature of anatomical/physiological systems which are affected and the mechanisms by which these effects take place.

Part 2 explores the legal and policy frameworks that govern local air quality management in the UK. It examines the responsibilities and powers of regulators, the role of national and international legislation, and how law and guidance are used to protect public health and improve environmental outcomes. Part 3 outlines the role of environmental health practitioners (EHPs) in dealing with local air quality management for communities before the applications used to control pollution are discussed, both in terms of using the law effectively and technological interventions which can trap air pollution at source.

The book is principally aimed at undergraduate and/or post graduate students in Environmental Health and Public Health and EHPs practising in the field of air quality control. It will also be relevant to students of environmental sciences, health sciences, medicine and environmental law and policy.

Harm Reduction Approaches with Adolescents Who Use Substances details the concepts of harm reduction and how they can be implemented in work with adolescents on the topic of substance use behaviors.

This book reviews the concepts of harm reduction as they have traditionally been applied and in the context of working with adolescents around issues of substance use behaviors. Using both conceptual and real-world examples, this book guides students through case examples and exercises designed to not only better understand harm reduction as a concept, but to practice putting it to use in real world clinical scenarios. This book also aims to reduce the stigma associated with talking about substance-using behavior and to provide nuance around different types of use, from experimental to hazardous, using person-first language without resorting to shaming and blaming. Practical elements incorporate skills of Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) into discussion.

Suitable for use in a variety of upper-level and graduate courses, this book educates students about the traditional concepts of harm reduction and how they can relate to adolescent substance use and family therapy.

This important book explores adolescent health and well-being through an ecological and developmental lens, drawing on international comparative studies and data sources to provide valuable contextual insights.

Recognising that children and adolescents are not a homogenous group, this book highlights the importance of age distinctions in shaping health needs, risks, and protective behaviours. Adolescent development, the epidemiology and social determinants of adolescent health, health literacy and health promotion are foundational themes woven throughout the chapters. It explores how gender influences both health behaviors and outcomes, emphasising the need for a nuanced understanding of adolescent well-being. By presenting data comparisons across time and socio-demographic groups, this book sheds light on disparities related to gender, ethnicity (including Black and minority ethnic and Indigenous populations), age, geography, and socioeconomic status, offering valuable insights into the diverse factors that shape adolescent health.

This textbook is intended for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, advocates, youth workers, adolescents and their parents and carers.

Brings crip aesthetics and disability justice into conversation with Israel studies.

In the first work to bring crip aesthetics into conversation with Israel studies, Ilana Szobel explores disability culture and disability justice through the work of artists with disabilities in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. This book outlines the production and performance of a range of projects by poets, filmmakers, and performers to examine how they reframe or reimagine accessibility in artistic, cultural, and political spaces through creative expression and suggests their works' potential for social transformation. Through close analysis of this vibrant underground subculture, Szobel proposes new avenues for understanding genealogies of art on disability, depictions of sexuality and vulnerability of disabled women, disability as political violence, community building among the disabled, and imagined disability futures. Szobel renders a clear critique of forms of oppression-ableism, sexism, heteronormativity, settler colonialism, and state violence-within Israel/Palestine and how artists with disabilities creatively address and undo their relationship to structures of power. For those interested in disability justice, gender, and creativity, Szobel illustrates how Israeli and Palestinian artists create new possibilities through their work.

This book delves into the profound impact of trust dynamics during a vaccine scandal on democratic politics. Breaking away from conventional perspectives that perceive scandals merely as maintainers of the status quo or reflections of elite-mass conflict, this book asserts that vaccine-related controversies, as seen in the 2017 Dengvaxia scandal in the Philippines, can reinforce trust in cultural terms.

The narrative unfolds by scrutinizing how specific trust cultures, defined as particular ways of trust granting and reciprocating-and public perceptions of politics evolve in the aftermath of such crises. This book presents compelling in-depth case studies of news representation, production, and reception of the Dengvaxia scandal, unveiling significant findings. Firstly, the controversy surrounding the alleged link between the vaccine and child deaths was not solely a medical issue but deeply intertwined with political motivations. This political influence underscores the intricate connection between political motivations and public health narratives, a crucial aspect in understanding the implications of trust cultures during vaccine scandals. Secondly, online journalists covering the vaccine scandal did not contribute to a nuanced understanding but sensationalized the story. This journalistic tendency not only polarized perspectives but also shaped public perception, emphasizing the crucial role of media representation in influencing trust cultures and public narratives during vaccine-related controversies. Lastly, the book explores how parents' perception of the news media as controlled by specific narratives contributed to forming a distinct parental trust culture.

Navigating Trust, Journalism, and Health in the Age of Populism offers a compelling exploration of the Dengvaxia scandal, providing a nuanced analysis beyond immediate health implications. The book invites readers to consider the broader ramifications of democratic ideals and the intricate fabric of trust within society.

The war in Vietnam was an ethical minefield for the medical humanitarians who volunteered to treat the injured and dying. The United States government used humanitarian aid as a counterinsurgency strategy and weapon of war. The Vietnamese people could not understand why the Americans and their allies sought at once to attack them and to save them by providing medical care. Civilian medical teams increasingly questioned their complicity in the war and whether neutrality was possible.

Behead and Cure explores the ethics of humanitarianism in Vietnam through the stories of seven medical teams from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia. Non-combatant women played key roles in all aspects of caring for civilians; this book repositions them from the sidelines of the Vietnam War to the centre. Drawing on interviews and first-hand accounts, Susan Armstrong-Reid considers how personality, life experience, place, and the culture of medical teams affected women's professional and personal lives in Vietnam and their lives afterwards. Confronted daily with the horrors of war, they were expected to fulfill their gendered roles as purveyors of Western medical care, humanitarian ambassadors, and models of femininity. Some proved resilient and pursued a lifelong commitment to peace movements and humanitarian causes. Others suffered burnout and sought to expunge the memory of their years in Vietnam.

Behead and Cure provides a new perspective on the ethical dilemmas facing humanitarian workers and the collateral human costs of war that remain timely today. It reveals how the experience of Vietnam changed humanitarians' views of their profession, their own countries' foreign policies, and the place of the United States in the world.

This book analyses and discusses from a philosophical perspective the concepts of health, well-being and quality of life in contemporary biomedical research. The guiding idea of the book is that different concepts of health, well-being, and quality of life lead to different types of projects, actions and policies, both at the individual and institutional level. For this reason, it is important to analyse them and make them clear, in their interweaving of objective dimensions (the facts) and evaluative dimensions (the values).

Exposing the ableism underlying medical innovation

As medical advancements continue to shape the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disability and illness, technology is often presented as a pathway to autonomy. Challenging this assumption, Rebecca Monteleone shows how medical technologies contribute to a cruel double bind, forcing disabled people to be accountable for adapting to a world built by and for nondisabled people while dismissing their lived experiences in favor of medical expertise. Far more complex than simple progress, these technologies are more oppressive than liberating when they place the burden of care on individuals and perpetuate societal ableism that demands that bodies look, move, and function in certain ways.

The Double Bind of Disability examines the complex relationship between medical technologies and their users, highlighting tensions between personal responsibility and medical authority. Sharing the perspectives and experiences of users of three medical technologies (prenatal genetic screening, deep brain stimulation, and do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems), Monteleone analyzes how users navigate the constraints of these systems and also imagine a new, more liberatory approach to healthcare.

Asserting a bold vision, Monteleone describes a future where medical interventions take seriously the lived expertise of disabled people to address ableist infrastructures rather than require the modification of nonnormative bodyminds. She calls for a radical reimagining of medical technology that moves beyond individualistic frameworks to embrace collective experience and embodied knowing.

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How to remake the world with neurodivergence at its heart

What if we embraced neurodivergent ways of being not as deviations to be corrected but as vital ways of inhabiting the world? What new realities might emerge? Bringing a much-needed humanistic perspective to the study of autism and other forms of neurodivergence, Counter-cartographies offers a bold reimagining of neurological difference, moving beyond rigid diagnostic frameworks to uncover more expansive, generative modes of existence.

Engaging the work of Fernand Deligny to trace how modern taxonomies of neurodivergence have hardened over time, Leon J. Hilton questions how these categories might instead serve as tools for remapping the world with neurodivergence at its center. At the heart of Counter-cartographies is an exploration of performance and performativity that reveals how the norm of neurotypical reality is continually reinforced through acts of doing, redoing, and undoing.

Charting the historical shift away from "mind" and toward "brain" and moving fluidly across disciplines-from digital art and documentary cinema to cybernetics and radical mental health movements-Hilton illuminates the deep interconnections between performance, perception, and the historical construction of the "neurotypical." Through close readings of works by William Pope.L, Mel Baggs, Wu Tsang, and others, Hilton also examines how neurodivergence has been represented, embodied, and materialized in contemporary art and media. Restless, engrossing, and persistently attuned to moments of rupture when the neurotypical order falters, Counter-cartographies charts a path toward a more capacious, imaginative world.

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This book offers a critical medical anthropological approach on health communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. As decision-making about risk communication and policies can be especially challenging during times of crisis, this research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of risk communication and its effects on the public, while paying attention to issues around communicability and health inequity. To examine the perception of public health messages around the COVID-19 pandemic in Yucatan, Mexico Patricia Oulehla conducted 21 semi-structured interviews. Findings demonstrate that local perceptions of COVID-19 were influenced by both media and government information campaigns, as well as by rumors, which emerge in times of uncertainty, often stemming from social and political tensions. As inequality has been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, already marginalized groups, such as the Mayan population of rural villages have been at greater risk during the pandemic. Therefore, this research explores how colonial continuities manifest themselves in health policies, access to health-related information as well as the spread of rumors.

This book provides examples of how social workers have pushed back against neoliberalism, attempts to co-opt or silence social workers, and reproduce philosophical and ethical assumptions that divide humans from each other and from the natural world.

This is the second book of a two-volume set that focuses on how authors have pushed boundaries in a particular field of practice, research or policy in social work. The books are culturally, gender-, and geographically inclusive, with contributors from every inhabited continent. It is future-focused, hopeful, and inspiring: it focuses on solutions rather than merely elaborating problems. The book includes chapters from a continuum of experienced practitioners and early career researchers; this provides a nuanced and accessible view of boundaries from both ends of the career path.

The global definition of social work says that the discipline 'promotes social change and development, social cohesion and the empowerment and liberation of people' but in many nations where social work exists, social workers are expected to act as agents of social control, ensuring that people-particularly 'the poor'-conform to established political and social norms. Most often social workers are initially attracted to the discipline because they want to empower and liberate vulnerabilised and marginalised people and communities. In order to accomplish these high-minded goals, social workers must occasionally push boundaries that confine their practice.

This volume contains eight chapters from social workers who are challenging policy and the way social work is practiced in their national settings. Authors in this book interrogate the notion of national boundaries and contemporary populist self-interest. Not only are political boundaries considered, but the boundaries between humans and their natural environments are reconsidered. The book concludes by setting out key decisions that the global social work discipline must make in order to create its future, and identifies key markers on the path to that future.

Pushing Boundaries in Social Work Around the World, Vol. 2: Policy and Global Perspectives invites social workers to reconsider their assumptions about policy practice and boundaries themselves. It encourages them to rediscover the spark that originally drew them to their work.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of inclusive, sustainable development, emphasizing the critical need to integrate the perspectives and needs of people with disabilities and marginalized communities into the global sustainability transition to a sustainable future. Through highlighting the intersectionality of identity and the unique challenges faced by these groups, the book addresses a pressing issue: the often-overlooked barriers that hinder their full participation in sustainable transitions. Organized into three parts, the book first contextualizes the relationship between sustainability and inclusion. It delves into the historical and theoretical frameworks that shape our understanding of marginalization, exploring how disability intersects with various social identities. This foundation sets the stage for an in-depth analysis of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the ways in which they can be made more inclusive, ensuring that no one is left behind. The second part identifies and examines the myriad barriers to inclusion within sustainable practices. It addresses structural, socioeconomic, and cultural obstacles that perpetuate exclusion while also critiquing existing policy frameworks for their limitations in addressing the needs of marginalized populations. Through case studies, the book highlights successful initiatives and innovative practices that promote accessibility and equity, mainly through the use of assistive technologies and community engagement. In the final section, the book outlines actionable strategies for fostering inclusive, sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of community engagement, participatory decision-making, and the empowerment of marginalized voices. Additionally, it discusses metrics for monitoring and evaluating the impact of sustainability initiatives on people with disabilities, providing a framework for accountability and continuous improvement.

This book aims to bridge the gap between sustainability and social justice, offering a roadmap for stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners committed to creating a more inclusive world. This book targets academics, policymakers, non-profit societies, and activists working at the intersection of sustainability and social equity and serves as a vital resource for those seeking to understand and promote inclusive practices in the global sustainable transition.

This book provides examples of how social workers have pushed back against civic and private corporate powers that attempt to control women, children, racialised and stigmatised groups, migrants, and indigenous peoples, and public policy agendas that continue to vulnerabilise and marginalise people.

This is the first book of a two-volume set that focuses on how authors have pushed boundaries in a particular field of practice, research or policy in social work. The books are culturally, gender-, and geographically inclusive, with contributors from every inhabited continent. It is future-focused, hopeful, and inspiring: it focuses on solutions rather than merely elaborating problems. The book includes chapters from a continuum of experienced practitioners and early career researchers; this provides a nuanced and accessible view of boundaries from both ends of the career path.

The global definition of social work says that the discipline 'promotes social change and development, social cohesion and the empowerment and liberation of people' but in many nations where social work exists, social workers are expected to act as agents of social control, ensuring that people-particularly 'the poor'-conform to established political and social norms. Most often social workers are initially attracted to the discipline because they want to empower and liberate vulnerabilised and marginalised people and communities. In order to accomplish these high-minded goals, social workers must occasionally push boundaries that confine their practice.

This volume contains eight chapters from social workers who are pushing social work boundaries in their own social and national settings. The contents are organised into two clusters: pushing boundaries for women and children and pushing boundaries against isms and stigma. Each chapter contains learnings that are applicable in different practice settings around the world.

Pushing Boundaries in Social Work Around the World, Vol. 1: Women, Children and Isms inspires social workers to push against the boundaries we impose on ourselves and our discipline. This book helps social workers rediscover the spark that initially drew them to their work.