社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

In an era of escalating conflict-induced and climate-induced migration and cross-border interaction, transnational-competence (TC) preparation for displaced persons, members of their host communities, humanitarian responders, and health-care professionals is increasingly critical. Building on insights from those engaged with a range of humanitarian crises and global-justice contexts, along with multidisciplinary research findings, this cutting-edge volume provides practical guidelines for preparing stakeholders for effective short-term and long-term responses to challenges arising in the wake of population dislocation generated by armed conflict, persecution, and climate change.

Addressing the need to equip humanitarian care-givers and care-receivers with valuable skills for working together across barriers and boundaries, the guidance presented in the book enables educators, trainers, and field-based multinational and local responders to enhance and evaluate the quality and sustainability of humanitarian efforts that promote and bolster resilience and belonging and augment well-being, justice, and sustainable development. It features comprehensive TC-teaching and learning strategies coupled with tailored on-site and remote approaches and methods.

Authoritative and insightful, Migrant Health and Resilience will be essential reading for the staff of NGOs, international organizations, national and local governments, and professional bodies working in development and humanitarian-crisis contexts, as well as for students, higher-education instructors, scholars, and evaluators.

This timely volume addresses issues related to the mental health and health-related quality of life of adolescents through a study with three groups: those with physical, intellectual, and other developmental disabilities, specifically fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

Investigating the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional dimension of adolescents' quality of life, the chapters explore the meaning of personal and social resources of adolescents with disability and their parents in the context of the Polish system of support for families with disabled children, further highlighting difficulties intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Another field-defining work on the progression of mental health research for children and adolescents, this book will be a useful and timely contribution to researchers, post-graduate students, and scholars in the fields of developmental and social psychology, mental health research, adolescent psychotherapy, and disability. It will also be of interest to school counselors, parents, and caregivers.

The second edition of this well-received book, the first to provide detailed guidance on how to conduct incident investigations in primary care, has been thoroughly revised and updated throughout to reflect the current nomenclature for different aspects of the investigatory process in the UK and the latest format for incident reporting.

Key features:

• Explains how to recognise a serious clinical incident, how to conduct a root cause analysis (RCA) investigation, and how and when duty of candour applies
• Covers the technical aspects of serious incident recognition and report writing
• Includes a wealth of practical advice and 'top tips', including how to manage the common pitfalls in writing reports
• Offers practical advice as well as some new and innovative tools to help make the RCA process easier to follow
• Explores the all-important human factors in clinical incidents in detail, with multiple examples and worked-through cases studies as well as in-depth sample reports and analysis.

At a time of increasing regulatory scrutiny and medico-legal risk, in which failure to manage appropriately can have serious consequences both for service organisations and for individuals involved, this concise and convenient book continues to provide a master class for anyone performing RCA and aiming to demonstrate learning and service improvement in response to serious clinical incidents. It is essential reading for any clinical or governance leads in primary care, including GP practices, 'out-of-hours', urgent care centres, prison health and NHS 111. It also offers valuable insights to any clinician who is in training or working at the coal face who wishes to understand how serious clinical incidents are investigated and managed.

This book will inspire the next generation of social work and human service practitioners to integrate research into their everyday social justice practice. Through highlighting the centrality of values to the task of research and the possibilities for enacting social justice through our research practice, it argues for respectful, meaningful, and just relationships with the people with whom we do research and build knowledge; acknowledges the ongoing impact of colonialism; respects diversity; and commits to working towards social change. With First Nations Worldviews - ways of knowing, ways of being, ways of doing - weaved throughout the text, this book seeks to both reclaim ancient knowledges and disrupt Western research traditions.

Divided into three sections, this book provides

• a strong rationale for the importance of research skills to social work and human service practice;
• a step-by-step guide on doing social research aimed at novice researchers;
• a series of examples of applied social justice projects

Bringing the authors' passion for finding new ways of 'doing' research and contesting traditional research paradigms of objectivity and the scientific, it advocates for knowledge building that is participatory, emancipatory, and empowered.

It will be required reading for all social work and human service students at both the undergraduate and master's level as well as professionals looking to put research into practice.

This book deals with social protection programmes targeted to people trafficked for the scope of sexual exploitation. It provides empirical evidence on the N.A.Ve programme, in the northeastern Italian Veneto Region, and its evolution. It elaborates on the programme by narrating the subjective experiences of practitioners and of a specific group of beneficiaries: young Nigerian women - some in transition towards the age of majority.

The book builds on qualitative research, including a long ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews carried out in the period 2019-2021, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It takes an intersectional, social work and humanitarian governance perspective to examine the multiple dimensions of vulnerability (age, gender, geographical origin, type of exploitation) characterising trafficked and sexually exploited Nigerian women. It draws attention to the precariousness of protection trajectories, but also their variability, stressing on the agency of these women. This is done with a postcolonial feminist approach by building on the autonomy of migration and the critical humanitarian governance literature, while shedding light on the temporal tensions between biographical and institutional times.

Calling for greater space for women's voices and for their involvement in the co-development of protection programmes, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, social work and politics, as well as to practitioners and policymakers interested in migration and trafficking.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book brings a fresh approach and conversation to the practice of professional supervision for human services by specifically articulating its often performed, but unnamed and under-explored therapeutic function. The discussion of the therapeutic function is timely given the rising complexities in our world, and the increasing awareness of emotional impacts of human service work. These impacts include stress, distress, emotional labour, indirect trauma, and direct trauma.

Posing a challenge and invitation to supervisors to comfortably inhabit the therapeutic function of supervision to increase emotional support to workers, it places safe practice and worker wellbeing at the heart of supervision to enable high quality service delivery for often the most vulnerable in society. While underpinned by theory, it is written to be practically applied and is developed from a 'lived experience' perspective, offering a unique glimpse into actual practice.

By modelling one of the main aims of professional supervision, which is to facilitate and enable the integration of experience into learning and knowledge, it will be of interest to all practitioners across a broad range of human services, particularly both new and experienced supervisors.

• Offers a new way to think about improving NHS services while saving money.
• Case studies drawn from a range of medical specialities.
• Will have cross-disciplinary appeal across the Health Sciences, but will also interest policy makers and managers of healthcare services.
• Author has extensive experience working in both government and academic roles.

This book covers computer vision-based applications in digital healthcare industry 4.0, including different computer vision techniques, image classification, image segmentations, and object detection. Various application case studies from domains such as science, engineering, and social networking are introduced, along with their architecture and how they leverage various technologies, such as edge computing and cloud computing. It also covers applications of computer vision in tumor detection, cancer detection, combating COVID-19, and patient monitoring.

Features:

• Provides a state-of-the-art computer vision application in the digital health care industry
• Reviews advances in computer vision and data science technologies for analyzing information on human function and disability
• Includes practical implementation of computer vision application using recent tools and software
• Explores computer vision-enabled medical/clinical data security in the cloud
• Includes case studies from the leading computer vision integrated vendors like Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, and Google

This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in bioengineering, intelligent systems, and computer science and engineering.

While many live-action films portray disability as a spectacle, "crip animation" (a genre of animated films that celebrates disabled people's lived experiences) uses a variety of techniques like clay animation, puppets, pixilation, and computer-generated animation to represent the inner worlds of people with disabilities. Crip animation has the potential to challenge the ableist gaze and immerse viewers in an alternative bodily experience.

In Animated Film and Disability, Slava Greenberg analyzes over 30 animated works about disabilities, including Rocks in My Pockets, An Eyeful of Sound, and A Shift in Perception. He considers the ableism of live-action cinematography, the involvement of filmmakers with disabilities in the production process, and the evocation of the spectators' senses of sight and hearing, consequently subverting traditional spectatorship and listenership hierarchies. In addition, Greenberg explores physical and sensory accessibility in theaters and suggests new ways to accommodate cinematic screenings.

Offering an introduction to disability studies and crip theory for film, media, and animation scholars, Animated Film and Disability demonstrates that crip animation has the power to breach the spectator's comfort, evoking awareness of their own bodies and, in certain cases, their social privileges.

This book seeks to identify the reasons why some countries were more efficient and effective than others in responding to the COVID 19 pandemic, and why the global community failed to coalesce. What are the political determinants of the different state responses to the pandemic? Why was scientific advice rejected or ignored in many countries? What has been the role, respectively, of neoliberalism, populism, and authoritarianism in the making of Covid-19 policy? What role have each of these factors played in the uneven and clearly inadequate global response to the pandemic?

In an effort to understand why some states failed to handle the pandemic properly, some of the literature suggests that populism is at the root of the current failure of international co-operation. The global financial crisis of 2008-10 triggered significant cooperation within the G-20, led by the combined efforts of the United States and China. These forms of cooperation have clearly disappeared in the context of the pandemic, not only with respect to economic policy but also in public health and management. The authors of this volume link the different state responses to the pandemic-- from its inception to the start of the vaccination campaign, and to the political regimes prevailing in each. In particular, the present volume focuses on a distinction between the responses of neo-liberal regimes, populist regimes and authoritarian ones.

At present India is a leading producer, distributor, and consumer of generic medicines globally. Disparate Remedies traces the genealogy of this development and examines the public cultures of medicine in the country between 1870 and 1960.

The book begins by discussing the expansion of medical consumerism in late nineteenth-century India when British-owned firms extended their sales into remote towns. As a result, laboratory-produced drugs competed with traditional remedies through side-by-side production of Western and Indian drugs by pharmaceutical companies. The emergent middle classes, the creation of a public sphere, and nationalist politics transformed the medical culture of modern India and generated conflict between Western and Indigenous medical systems and their practitioners. Nandini Bhattacharya demonstrates that these disparate therapies were sustained through the tropes of purity or adulteration, potency or lack of it, and epistemic heritage, even when their material configuration often differed little.

Uniquely engaging with the cultures of both consumption and production in the country, Disparate Remedies follows the evolution of medicine in colonial India as it confronted Indian modernity and changing public attitudes surrounding health and drugs.

This book reviews the global preparedness to pandemic challenges to human health and development by compiling the brilliant ideas of experts and entrepreneurs from the fields of public health, health economics, environmental engineering, pharmaceutical interventions, and other related fields.

This book proposes a collective effort to take pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response seriously and prioritize it accordingly to avoid the potential catastrophe in this inter-connected world by summarizing the lessons learned from the COVID-19. In the context of today's climate change and its association with human health, the book presents the need for aligning climate and health goals and puts up with the multi-sectors and low-carbon economic strategies where health is prioritized in development.

Furthermore, when more and more novel medical and pharmaceutical items worldwide are launched, the health system could be improved. With the help of digital health,artificial intelligence (AI), and other innovative forms of healthcare products, the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare services provision could be promoted, leading to a more promising future for human health.

This book vividly presents how such new technologies are applied to build an intelligent and robust health system and how innovations can be used to promote human health.

This Open Access Book contains reports on the situation of people in the second half of life during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The analyses are based on the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) and they provide insights on four main areas of life: income and work, subjective health and well-being, social support and loneliness as well as societal participation.

An investigation of how the expansion of modern medicine in Turkey transformed young boys' experiences of circumcision.

In Turkey, circumcision is viewed as both a religious obligation and a rite of passage for young boys, as communities celebrate the ritual through gatherings, gifts, and special outfits. Yet the procedure is a potentially painful and traumatic ordeal. With the expansion of modern medicine, the social position of suennetci (male circumcisers) became subject to the institutional arrangements of Turkey's evolving health care and welfare system. In the transition from traditional itinerant circumcisers to low-ranking health officers in the 1960s and hospital doctors in the 1990s, the medicalization of male circumcision has become entangled with state formation, market fetishism, and class inequalities.

Based on Oyman Basaran's extensive ethnographic and historical research, Circumcision and Medicine in Modern Turkey is a close examination of the socioreligious practice of circumcision in twenty-five cities and their outlying towns and villages in Turkey. By analyzing the changing subjectivity of medical actors who seek to alleviate suffering in male circumcision, Basaran offers a psychoanalytically informed alternate approach to the standard sociological arguments surrounding medicalization and male circumcision.

While almost all universal health coverage in Canada is provided under the Canada Health Act, there is Medicare coverage that is provided outside of the act. This is the first book to explain the nature of these boundary health services, why they exist, and how to navigate them in practice.

The Boundaries of Medicare examines the complex range of public health care services and coverage arrangements that predate or have developed alongside the Canada Health Act. These provisions - including for workers' compensation, military personnel and veterans, incarcerated persons, migrants, and Indigenous Peoples - are often not well understood, even by those working at policy and delivery levels. Katherine Fierlbeck and Gregory Marchildon aim to improve understanding of these boundary services: why they were established, who is eligible for them, how services are provided, how they are paid for, and how they are managed within a multilevel governance system. They also look at the dramatic increase in virtual health care services since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and their relationship to the Canada Health Act.

Explaining the origins, operations, and tensions of government-funded health care outside the Canada Health Act, The Boundaries of Medicare is an essential resource for policymakers, providers, administrators, and patients seeking to navigate Medicare in Canada.

This book offers a novel examination of the relations, actions, and practices of healthcare workers, analysed in terms of collective mobilisation. Based on successive surveys conducted over a twenty-year period in public and private hospitals, it brings a rich new conceptualisation of both social movements and care work. We've all witnessed the collective mobilisation at play in hospitals during the Covid-19 pandemic. In such a structured, hierarchical environment, the parallel with social movements highlights the ethical and collective dimensions of care work, as well as the bonds of solidarity and identification with the collective. Yet, healthcare workers are often caught in a dilemma between fighting against underfunding and deteriorating working conditions on the one hand, and cooperating to keep the system standing and provide the best care possible for patients on the other. The author's approach in terms of consensual and conflictual mobilisations brings a fresh theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature on social movements, medical sociology, public health, and the sociology of labour, whilst in-depth case studies bring to light the experiences of healthcare workers and enrich the narrative throughout.

How functional medicine leverages systems biology and epigenetic science to treat the microbiome and reverse chronic disease.

Each body is a system within a system-an ecology within the larger context of social, political, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. This is one of the lessons of epigenetics, whereby structural inequalities are literally encoded in our genes. But our ecological embeddedness extends beyond DNA, for each body also teems with trillions of bacteria, yeast, and fungi, all of them imprints of our individual milieus. Nested Ecologies asks what it would mean to take seriously our microbial being, given that our internal ecologies are shaped by inequalities embedded in our physical and social environments.

Further, Rosalynn Vega argues that health practices focused on patients' unique biology inadvertently reiterate systemic inequities. In particular, functional medicine-which attempts to heal chronic disease by leveraging epigenetic science and treating individual microbiomes-reduces illness to problems of "lifestyle," principally diet, while neglecting the inability of poor people to access nutrition. Functional medicine thus undermines its own critique of the economics of health care. Drawing on novel digital ethnographies and reflecting on her own experience of chronic illness, Vega challenges us to rethink not only the determinants of well-being but also what it is to be human.

This book focuses on China's achievements in poverty reduction since the Reform and Opening up, the efforts China made to turn China's poverty reduction concept into an international consensus, and international cooperation on poverty reduction to build a community with a shared future for mankind. It collects wisdom of researchers and scholars to discuss China's experiences and achievements in the past 40 years and reflects how China should face the challenge in the future, emphasizing China's determination and measures on poverty reduction.

To this day, women globally are subjected to forms of control over their bodies, and their ability to exercise their reproductive rights in particular is still constrained. Amid a rise of challenges to the advancement of women's rights, including the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade in the United States, sexual and reproductive health rights are at the forefront of conversations about the advancement of gender equality.

To determine how communications are used strategically to shape policy, Carolina Matos explores fifty-two feminist and health NGOs from across the world and how they are improving discourse on sexuality and reproductive health in the public sphere. She investigates how these organizations are making use of communications amid various contemporary challenges, including the proliferation of misinformation about women's rights and health in the public sphere due to the actions of oppositional far-right nationalist groups. Through original in-depth interviews within the NGOs and empirical research of the institutions' online presences, Matos unpacks the complexities of the relationship between women's health, communications, and development, contributing to the fields of development, health communications, and gender studies, and advancing the debate on the role of feminist NGOs in advocating for women's rights.

With a postcolonial critique of the role of NGOs in development, Matos illuminates the strategic use of communications in the mediation and advocacy of gender equality and reproductive health.