労働経済・労働問題 — 全 下位分類

If you believed most of what's said about the Canadian Temporary Foreign Worker program, you might naturally assume that there is a trade-off between workers' poor experiences with the program and employers' significant benefits. In reality, the experiences of workers are far worse than is commonly acknowledged, while employers are not reaping as much benefit as the public might suppose.

In Enduring Work Catherine Connelly draws on over one hundred interviews with people connected to different aspects of this program, analyzing their experiences from the perspective of organizational behaviour and human resources management. She compares the lived reality of agricultural workers, in-home caregivers, and low- and high-wage workers, showing how and why each group is vulnerable to mistreatment, albeit in different ways. She further explores how employment agencies and immigration consultants contribute to program abuses. Critically, Enduring Work provides the perspectives of employers, distinguishing between the reluctant users of the program who follow the rules and the reckless users who do not.

Groundbreaking in its analysis of an issue very much in the news, Enduring Work unpacks the harms within Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker program and offers nuanced strategies to improve it.

In 1989, Kimberle Crenshaw coined the term "intersectionality" to describe the interdependent and overlapping systems of discrimination and disadvantage that result from the interconnected nature of social categorizations. These categories include, but are not limited to, disability, gender identity, nationality, race, and socioeconomic class. In recent years, we have witnessed increased societal interest in the notion of equal economic, political, and social rights. This has commonly manifested in a desire for equality of opportunity (i.e., social justice). This book applies an intersectional approach to examine a specific facet of inequality - namely, the presence and magnitude of wage discrimination in the U.S. labor market.

This book accomplishes several objectives. It introduces intersectional analysis for readers who are unfamiliar with the topic. The book identifies intersectional wage discrimination for a large number of worker groups that are defined by multiple intersecting identities (i.e., the personal characteristics of Hispanic ethnicity, nativity, race, and sex). It also documents variation in wage differentials both between worker groups (i.e., contemporaneously) and within groups (i.e., intertemporally). Finally, given the policy relevance of our topic, it is fitting that the final chapter is devoted to corresponding conclusions.

This book exposes how inequalities based on class and social background arise from employment practices in the digital age. It considers instances where social media is used in recruitment to infiltrate private lives and hide job advertisements based on locality; where algorithms assess socio-economic data to filter candidates; where human interviewers are replaced by artificial intelligence with design that disadvantages users of classed language; and where already vulnerable groups become victims of digitalisation and remote work.

The author examines whether these practices create risks of discrimination based on certain protected attributes, including 'social origin' in international labour law and laws in Australia and South Africa, 'social condition' and 'family status' in laws within Canada, and others. The book proposes essential law reform and improvements to workplace policy.

In highly unequal societies such as the UK, where the top 10% take a higher share of disposable income than in most other European countries, many feel resentment towards high earners. On paper, they are doing well, but inequality isn't even working for them.

Uncomfortably Off reveals that those generally considered to be the most affluent feel anxious about the future and struggle to keep up, or even to stay put. They are starting to doubt their common sense ideas about hard work and meritocracy as work pays less and less and life is becoming more uncomfortable.

This book makes two crucial arguments. First, reducing income inequality will benefit everyone, even those quite near the top. Second, we need to understand the anxieties of high earners to understand their politics. As leading managers and professionals they have disproportionate influence on the institutions that rule over our public life. Their interests are ultimately not that dissimilar from those of the median earner: being able to afford a good quality of life in an ever more expensive and uncertain world.

The hope of this book is to prompt high earners to question accepted truths and long-held beliefs that affect how they see themselves and judge others. In doing so, it seeks to help us all understand why dismissing the concerns of this group will not help in the fight to solve inequality.

Much of the debate on the future of work has focused on responses to technological trends in the Global North, with little evidence on how these trends are impacting work and workers in the Global South.

Drawing on a rich selection of ethnographic studies of precarious work in Africa, this innovative book discusses how globalisation and digitalisation are drivers for structural change and examines their implications for labour. Bringing together global labour studies and inequality studies, it explores the role of digital technology in new business models, and ways in which digitalisation can be harnessed for counter mobilisation by the new worker.

Today's economics offers us a far too narrow perspective on the role that paid work plays in our lives, as individuals and as a society.

This book examines the urgent workplace challenges we're facing today, from automation to AI and climate change, with an interdisciplinary and historical analysis that challenges and broadens the scope of existing economic literature. Exploring the current economic proposals to address these issues, it advocates for a more egalitarian and sustainable future that builds workers' protections into the very fabric of our economic systems.

This is a resounding call for greater economic social justice and equality at work and a valuable resource for social scientists from fields like heterodox economics, business and sociology.

This volume explores one of the most complex labour landscapes of India - the urban daily labour market. These markets form an important sector of the urban informal labour market and contribute significantly to the Indian economy. This book presents an empirical, comparative picture of daily labour markets, in Gujarat, Western India.

These markets consist mostly of intra-state and interstate migrant workers who suffer from layered multiple marginalities based on markers of informality, migrant status, caste, ethnicity, gender and poor agency and often live in the peripheries of the cities without any rights and entitlements to their spaces and services. This study, based on an extensive survey of three cities in Gujarat, contains descriptions and analyses of the places of migration and their causes as well as the working and living conditions of the workers along with their spending patterns on food, health, education and leisure. It mirrors the work, life and issues of these workers on the regional level while contributing to a better understanding for future policy interventions.

An in-depth study, the book will be of interest to students and researchers of labour economics, labour studies, urban planning, social work, sociology, anthropology, and demography. It will also be useful to NGOs/trade unions working with migrant workers, civil servants in Labour department and other related departments, city planners and policy makers.

This book looks at the dynamic relationship between women's productive and reproductive work in a Global South country from a Global South perspective.

Applying a feminist political economy and historical materialist approach and building on an ethnographic extended case study, it analyses the relationships between class and gender across both the productive and reproductive realms at the macro and micro levels in the case of women garment workers in Turkey. Overall, it shows that the material and social conditions of women's productive and reproductive work co-constitute each other. It suggests that productive and social reproductive labour should be examined as an integrated process and an interrelated social relation, in constant dialogue with other social relations.

This book is of interest to researchers and students in the disciplines of gender studies, labour studies, feminist economics, sociology and development studies. Given that most studies on social reproduction have largely focused on the Global North, this book is of particular interest to those in search of a more comprehensive and holistic understanding. It is also of great relevance to policymakers concerned with gender and labour issues as well as labour and feminist activists.

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

Millions of children throughout Africa undertake many forms of farm and domestic work. Some of this work is for wages, some is on their family's own small plots and some is forced and/or harmful.

This book examines children's involvement in such work. It argues that framing all children's engagement in economic activity as 'child labour', with all the associated negative connotations, is problematic. This is particularly the case in Africa where many rural children must work to survive and where, the contributors argue, much of the work undertaken is not harmful.

The conceptual and case-based chapters reframe the debate about children's work and harm in rural Africa with the aim of shifting research, public discourse and policy so that they better serve the interest of rural children and their families.

A 2024 Choice Outstanding Academic Title

How is gender signified, produced and reproduced through paid and unpaid labour? In what ways does gender intersect with other kinds of disadvantage? How does power work through interactions, emotions and bodies?

In this original synthesis of social theory and its application to gender and work, Kate Huppatz draws from classical theory and principles of the 'cultural turn' to explore how feminist sociology dismantles dualistic understandings of gender and scrutinizes the workings of power. In a tour de force of exposition and analysis of landmarks in the literature, Huppatz reflects upon continuities and departures in cutting-edge research on gender within organizations, unpaid domestic labour, and paid and unpaid care work.

Close attention is paid to pressing issues such as the intersectionality of inequality in the workplace, relations between micro activities and larger social processes, and the impact of Covid-19 on exposing and exacerbating the gendered inequalities of work. Case examples drawn from North America, Australasia and the UK illustrate social theory in practice.

Throughout, Huppatz emphasizes the importance of theoretical understandings in furthering empirical research about gender and work. She also considers the gendered division of labour within the study of work and employment itself.

This key new addition to the Themes in Social Theory series is an essential read for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers interested in this area of study across a wide range of disciplines.

Recent innovations in digital technologies are fundamentally transforming the world of work. A digital gig economy is emerging that threatens to displace traditional labour relations based on legally regulated labour contracts. Companies like Uber, Deliveroo, or Amazon Mechanical Turk rely increasingly on 'independent contractors' who earn piece-rate wages by completing tasks sent to them via their smartphones. This development understandably pushes workers to desire more autonomy, but what would workers' autonomy mean in the digital age?

This book argues that the digital gig economy undermines workers' autonomy by putting digital technology in charge of workers' surveillance, leading to exploitation, alienation, and exhaustion. To secure a more sustainable future of work, digital technologies should instead be transformed into tools that support human development instead of subordinating it to algorithmic control. The best guarantee for human autonomy is a politics that transforms digital platforms into convivial tools that obey the rhythm of human life.

A bold and fresh perspective unravelling the economics of racial inequality

In The Opportunity Index, BlackRock Managing Director and co-founder of the #Talkaboutblack movement, Gavin Lewis, skillfully plots the origins of the racial wealth gap and its impact on the inequalities faced by the Black community today. Weaving a personal and at times moving narrative through some of the most disruptive events of our time, he offers a blueprint for businesses and individuals to understand the risks and opportunities presented by inequality and issues an urgent call to action.

The Opportunity Index also presents:

• A root cause-oriented and solutions-focused exploration of the racial wealth gap and its role in social, health, and opportunity inequality
• A perspective that moves beyond the typical workplace discussion to explore the deeper truths about society and the role of capitalism
• The lessons learned from the #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and climate change movements and how these provide case studies for real and lasting change

An eye-opening and insightful treatment of what equity and access mean in the context of international finance, The Opportunity Index will earn a place in the libraries of finance professionals, business leaders, teachers, academics, community leaders, diversity, equity, and inclusion experts, and anyone else with an interest in racial, social, and economic fairness around the world.

Decent Work-Life in Business: Essential Tool for Sustainable Development presents a detailed discussion of the concept of decent work-life and its application in business for sustainable development. It discusses decent work-life culture in a business environment. The book makes a strong case for decent work, which not only provides work opportunities but also delivers a fair income, fair treatment, security at the workplace, and social protection for families. With the help of empirical data and statistical indicators, it explores themes such as:

• ILO and decent work agenda
• opportunities for work and dignity at work
• social dimensions of globalization and sustainable development
• poverty reduction through decent work
• work-life balance and social protection
• unacceptable work and social dialogue
• economic and social context of decent work

This book will be an indispensable resource for the students, scholars and teachers of business management and especially those pursuing a career in human resource management. It will also interest scholars of political economy, sociology of work, business management, human resource management, labour studies, public policy, and social anthropology alongside industry experts.

Low construction labour productivity and the inadequate welfare of construction workers are consistent challenges in developing countries. These challenges are partially due to shortcomings situated in the Decent Work Agenda. This book proposes ways of sustaining construction labour productivity through fulfilling the Decent Work Agenda. This is a unique area of focus that is essential to fulfilling the broader and global aspects of decent work, sustainability and construction labour productivity. Also, the focus of this book is on contributing to the plight of construction workers whose treatment is significantly unsound.

The construction industry needs to develop a humanistic face and contribute to the UN's sustainable development goal of achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men. To achieve this, construction companies are encouraged to implement corporate social responsibility strategies by equipping workers of different educational levels with knowledge and skills that can be transferred to benefit themselves and their communities. Thus, establishing structured on-the-job training that incorporates sustainability-learning objectives to achieve workers' safety on sites is essential.

The book advocates for decency in the workplace through people-centred management, sustainability learning of skilled and semi-skilled construction workers and decent working conditions. It will be of interest to construction industry policymakers, construction professionals, academics and students of sustainable development and developing economies.

This book provides a comprehensive curriculum on essential job-related social skills that will aid educators, job coaches, behavior specialists, behavior analysts, and other professionals to improve employment outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disabilities.

The curriculum guides instructors through an objective behavioral assessment of critical, social, and problem-solving skills, and provides a framework for identifying individualized, effective teaching strategies using a response-to-intervention approach. This book will present a vocational social skills curriculum that is divided into two parts: The Vocational Social Skills Assessment Protocol (VSSA) and the VSS Intervention Protocol (VSSI). Chapters explore skills such as conducting the VSSA and VSSI, collecting data for the VSSA, and interpreting VSSA and VSSI results.

With a focus on evidence-based interventions that may be practical for supervisors to implement on the job site, this curriculum is designed to foster positive relations in the workplace and promote long-term employment.