労働経済・労働問題 — 全 下位分類

This book offers a timely exploration of the continuous training of individuals, a subject crucial to both business competitiveness and societal progress in today's rapidly changing world. Addressing the digital and climate revolutions, it examines how lifelong learning helps workers adapt their skills to meet evolving demands while supporting active ageing for all citizens, even in retirement.

Divided into three sections, the book features studies that combine theoretical insights and practical recommendations from renowned experts in education and law. The book stands out for its international scope, with chapters covering diverse national perspectives from countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and various European nations. It uniquely integrates both education and legal perspectives, providing a comprehensive analysis that addresses gaps in existing literature. Readers will benefit from clear, accessible language, proposals for key stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, social partners), and coverage of pressing issues like vocational training for immigrants, legal frameworks for non-formal learning and the impact of digital transitions on workforce development.

This book is an essential resource for academics, researchers, advanced students, legal professionals, educators, policymakers, trade unions, and employer associations. It offers valuable insights for anyone involved in Labour Law, social security, vocational training or workforce development on a global scale.

This book explores the dynamic relationship between housing tenure, employment status, and market outcomes through the lens of search-and-matching models. By focusing on search and matching as core features of the housing market trading process, it introduces a modern economic framework for analyzing housing markets.

Key topics include:

• The role of search markets in shaping housing prices
• Interactions between rental and sale prices of homes
• Connections between homeownership and unemployment
• The impact of housing needs on labor market policies

Designed for scholars and students of housing and labor economics, this book serves as both a comprehensive resource for researchers and a textbook for courses examining the interplay between housing tenure and labor market dynamics.

Chapters are organized into three strongly thematic parts: revisiting theoretical innovations by the Cambridge School, offering new conceptual insights on growth, distribution and employment, and providing empirical analyses using advanced econometric methods. Leading experts discuss the relationship between distribution and growth, exploring key themes such as migration, the employment impact of Covid-19 and prestige clubs. The book further examines policy implications and outlines potential solutions to pressing economic challenges.

Students and scholars of development economics, post-Keynesian economics and political economy will greatly benefit from this innovative book. It is also a crucial resource for practitioners and policymakers in the field of economic development.

Vaughan-Whitehead shows how the Fair Wage concept has become a recognized methodology for improving company wage practices, leading to stakeholder-recognized international certification. He outlines the substantial wage advancements that have thus been attained in corporate supply chains, including by Unilever, Ikea, Puma and L'Oreal. Chapters investigate how reforms in pay systems, wage adjustment mechanisms and social dialogue can achieve vital living wage and income milestones. The book also illustrates how changing purchasing practices can enable sustainable wages and enhance working conditions globally. On a larger scale, it demonstrates how the Fair Wage approach can aid progress towards the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, especially with regard to inequalities, poverty, vulnerability and exclusion.

This enlightening book provides a clear and practical roadmap for students and scholars of employment relations, labour policy and economics, sustainability and global supply chains. The Fair Wage Solution also brings practical insights and strategies for managers and investors to effectively implement sustainable development in their businesses. Finally, it is a crucial resource for practitioners and policymakers in economic and social institutions currently working to strengthen the global sustainability agenda.

This open access book simultaneously addresses both the segmenting and the egalitarian function of individual labour law, in almost all countries of the world, in some chapters following up from its origin to the present. Its socio-legal approach fills gaps for sociological, legal and historical research of regulatory social policy. Labour law is dealt with both in qualitative (theoretical, hermeneutic and historical) and in quantitative manner (with the leximetrics method developing new ways to measure generosity and coverage of law). This is a groundbreaking contribution to regulatory social policy research. By indicating the relevance and the mechanisms of legal segmentation for labour market segmentation, unequal opportunities and social stratification it provides evidence for the assumptions that social segmentation does not only stem from market forces, but also from the law itself. Even the rising impact of egalitarian law cannot fully cope with legal segmentation. The book chapters place particular emphasis on the development in countries of the Global South.

In an era defined by unprecedented technological advancements, the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Smart Systems presents both challenges and opportunities. Rapid advancements in automation, machine learning, and AI-driven technologies are reshaping job roles and creating new avenues for employment. The urgency lies in equipping educators, policymakers, and industry professionals with insights to navigate this transformative period effectively.

The second of two volumes, Education, Future Jobs and Smart Systems in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Part B is a timely collected edition, emerging precisely when the ramifications of AI on the job market are becoming palpable. Each section of the work explores a unique aspect, covering the foundational role of AI as a catalyst for developing new skills and competencies. It provides insights for higher education institutions, discusses AI as a powerful tool for sharing knowledge, considers policy implications, and examines the emergence of innovative job markets.

The chapters serve as a comprehensive guide for higher education stakeholders, offering actionable insights and strategies to navigate the evolving landscape of AI-influenced job markets. Authors work to bridge the gap between academic theory and real-world application, providing a roadmap for institutions to adapt curricula, teaching methodologies, and policies to meet the demands of the AI-driven future.

Werner Eichhorst provides a fresh view on the conditions of employment and working environments, investigating the evolution of paid work and mapping out ways it may develop in the future, considering what more liveable and productive working habitats for individuals could look like. He takes a comparative perspective on job quality and quantity and labour market institutions across Europe, offering a particular focus on the Rhenish countries. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, he brings together insights from the fields of economics, sociology, political economy and psychology, alongside everyday observations to discuss the key mechanisms behind paid work. This book also demonstrates the important contribution of individuals, public policies, and firm-level HR management to encourage productive and sustainable working environments.

Students and scholars of labour policy and economics, the sociology of work and organisations and political economy will greatly benefit from this incisive book. This accessible book also provides thought-provoking impulses to anyone concerned with the future of work and the individual situation at work.

A pathbreaking study of why, paradoxically, workforce specialization and job responsibilities have increased hand in hand.

In the United States and other late-industrial countries, the division of labor has changed radically over the last 150 years. This comes as no surprise: the nature of work has been transformed by new technologies, new discoveries, and new challenges. While the fact of change was predictable, the type of change is not at all as theorists envisioned.

For all their differences, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber each presumed that specialized workers would perform a narrower range of tasks. The early history of the industrial age supported this view. As the assembly line overtook the workshop, the artisan who constructed every part of a useful object was replaced with workers who handled a single piece of the work process. The Division of Rationalized Labor demonstrates that-although early industrialization may have operated as Smith, Marx, and their colleagues surmised-in late industrialization we are witnessing something quite different: specialization in many occupations has actually led to workers taking on an increasingly wide range of responsibilities.

Marshaling rich historical and statistical data, Michelle Jackson shows how this paradox of specialization emerges today in education, law enforcement, medicine, and manufacturing. Jackson argues that the development of probabilistic science provided the foundation for growing job complexity. As researchers learned which levers to pull in order to maximize productivity in a given industry, they created new tasks for the workers who specialized in producing industry outputs. As researchers developed the capacity to predict bad outcomes-criminality, low test scores, poor health-they left police, teachers, doctors, and nurses responsible for increasingly complicated preventive work. Analogous situations arise throughout the labor force, ensuring that workers across the occupational structure are overworked and overwhelmed.

Reich examines the effects of minimum wages on pay and employment among the two groups most affected by the policies - restaurant workers and teens - as well as investigating their impact on the lowest-wage areas of the US. He outlines how minimum wages influence parental labor supply, racial inequality, the health of low wage workers and government spending on food stamps and Medicaid. The book further reflects on the extension of pay standards to gig drivers, who are not typically covered by minimum wage laws as independent contractors. It concludes by demonstrating how minimum wages can be absorbed by increasing the supply of workers to low-wage employers, reducing the costs of recruiting and retaining workers and introducing modest price increases, rather than reducing employment.

The Unexpected Economics of Minimum Wages is a crucial resource for students, scholars and practitioners of labor economics. Thorough and detailed, it is also key for policymakers and advocates who are working to raise low pay and reduce inequality.

How code shapes power and inequality across technology, governance, and global political economies.

Code-whether software routines, legal frameworks, or informal social norms-shapes the world around us in profound and often invisible ways. In Just Code, editors Jeffrey R. Yost and Gerardo Con Diaz bring together a diverse group of scholars to examine how different forms of code both structure and reinforce power dynamics across societies.

From algorithmic bias in artificial intelligence to global labor practices, this collection uncovers the hidden mechanisms by which code perpetuates inequality and injustice. It explores connections among technology, governance, and socioeconomic systems to reveal how code is both a tool of control and a product of the power structures it enables. Contributors analyze topics such as platform economies, algorithmic collusion, and labor practices in the tech industry, as well as how systems of representation and communication encode biases that amplify racial, gendered, and economic inequalities. These essays provide a critical lens for understanding how code intersects with politics and global cultures of technology production and use.

By broadening the concept of "code" to include legal, social, and cultural systems, this collection challenges readers to see beyond the technical and interrogate the structures of power embedded in every layer of modern life. Just Code introduces a new framework for understanding the relationships among information technologies, systemic inequities, and the political economies that sustain them.

Expert authors comparatively analyse the findings from focus group interviews with over 300 participants in the six countries. The participants came from a variety of backgrounds, including lone parent families, those with heavy care-related demands and those with an immigrant background. The book studies the resilience of families in a variety of low-income situations, identifying how they cope with family and employment transitions and risks and discussing the crucial linkages between care, paid work and income. Ultimately, it critiques welfare state provision from the perspective of family resilience and advocates for policy and practical reform in relation to childcare, labour market, and income and service support.

Students and scholars of social policy, comparative welfare studies and sociology will greatly benefit from this cutting-edge book. It is also a vital resource for policymakers and practitioners working in social and labour policy.

In an era defined by unprecedented technological advancements, the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Smart Systems presents both challenges and opportunities. Rapid advancements in automation, machine learning, and AI-driven technologies are reshaping job roles and creating new avenues for employment. The urgency lies in equipping educators, policymakers, and industry professionals with insights to navigate this transformative period effectively.

The first of two volumes, Education, Future Jobs and Smart Systems in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Part A is a timely collected edition, emerging precisely when the ramifications of AI on the job market are becoming palpable. Each section of the work explores a unique aspect, covering the foundational role of AI as a catalyst for developing new skills and competencies. It provides insights for higher education institutions, discusses AI as a powerful tool for sharing knowledge, considers policy implications, and examines the emergence of innovative job markets.

The chapters serve as a comprehensive guide for higher education stakeholders, offering actionable insights and strategies to navigate the evolving landscape of AI-influenced job markets. Authors work to bridge the gap between academic theory and real-world application, providing a roadmap for institutions to adapt curricula, teaching methodologies, and policies to meet the demands of the AI-driven future.

The authors are proud sponsors of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award-enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop.

Late Working Life in Four European Countries sheds new light on the role of life course factors on circumstances in late working life, including the impact of exclusion and inequalities on opportunities to prolong employment.

Focusing on Germany, Poland, Sweden and the UK, it distils the key findings from each country, delivering an up-to-date comparative analysis of the policies in the four contrasting countries. Enabling the development of best practice recommendations in relation to Extended Working Lives (EWLs) to inform policy discussions and developments and taking a life course approach to considering EWLs, chapters argue there is a tendency for policies to be too simplistic and cross-sectional, failing to sufficiently engage with the need to develop a systematic long-term life course focused approach to policy design. While the general impact of EWL policies on labour force participation among older workers has been explored, limited attention has been paid to the heterogeneous nature of this demographic group and the implications of their diverse life course experiences. Providing national case studies regarding EWLs policies and inequalities therein, these examples expose hidden inequalities among older workers and how these can be addressed.

Demonstrating the need to look beyond notions of late working lives in isolation and to explore the impact of longer-term life course orientated experiences, this collection addresses a major gap in the academic literature in social policy, employment, and ageing.

In the last decade, public sector unions have encountered threats in the form of privatization of public services and the retrenchment of collective bargaining rights, as well as opportunities in increasing labor union popularity and activity. Retaining the structure that made the previous editions so popular, Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Sixth Edition has been completely revised to explore the most recent trends in membership figures, new legislation, court decisions, executive orders, and new politics as they influence bargaining rights. Updates include:

• Thorough examination and analysis of contemporary public sector labor relations and collective bargaining
• Careful exploration of important recent changes in the public labor relations and unionization landscape
• Complete analysis of financial and human resource outcomes of recent collective bargaining in the public sector
• Detailed investigation of collective bargaining institutions and processes in government

In keeping with prior editions, the sixth edition addresses collective bargaining and labor relations at all levels of government, with comparisons to the private and nonprofit sectors. Designed to be classroom-friendly, this text includes discussions of the most recent literature and case studies, as well as end-of-chapter assignments. Labor Relations in the Public Sector speaks to multiple audiences including academics, students, and practitioners, and practical tips and advice are offered for those engaged in collective bargaining and labor relations. It is vital reading for undergraduate and graduate students in fields including public administration, public policy, political science, and labor studies. This book is also relevant to scholars of comparative policy, politics, and labor.

Capitalism's crisis is planetary. It is a system upending nature and society, causing many to live and work in despair. So far, the left has been incapable of inspiring an effective challenge to it. In Worker Cooperatives and Deep Democracy, Vishwas Satgar and Michelle Williams map a new transformative politics arising from inspiring worker cooperative systems that advance planetary care from below and which have the potential to undermine the capitalist status quo.

Based on over a decade of research across 15 countries, the authors examine case studies that explore transformative approaches to social reproduction, public power, nature and territorial expansion in opposition to global hegemonic power.

They also uncover the power of solidarities engendering emancipatory, utopian imaginaries in the global north and south. They show how, against all the odds, people are experimenting with deep democracy and building systems of care to live differently and exit the planetary crisis.

Employability has become an increasingly widespread concept both in management and policy, but its meaning remains somewhat enigmatic and ambiguous. This volume offers a much-needed critical analysis of the ideology, practices, and policies of employability, reflecting significant transformations in the world of work and the individualizing experience of contemporary labour markets. This volume draws on a wide range of empirical studies to examine how discourses of employability have impacted both individuals and institutions.

Employability is often framed as an attribute of a person whereby individuals are lauded as "employable" or dismissed as "unemployable." This language and logic of employability has spawned all kinds of myopic supply-side labour market policies coinciding with and giving fuel to neoliberal emphases on individual responsibility and commodification. The chapters in this volume employ diverse theoretical perspectives on the impact of employability across different empirical settings, including higher education, vocational training, and state policymaking, in the UK, US, Australia, Germany, and Brazil.

Arguing that employability has an elusive character that renders it in dire need of sustained, critical analysis, Employability provides a much-needed framework for thinking about the enigma of employability and for critically reappraising its consequences.

This book investigates the return of workers' self-management in recent decades as responses to recurring neoliberal crises. In particular, the book homes in on worker-recuperated enterprises (WREs), a promising form of workers' self-organization whereby workers restart troubled, bankrupt, or shuttered companies as cooperatives or other forms of democratic workplace.

The book argues that WREs are prefigurative of new forms of work based on equality and sustainability. Framed by the concepts of autogestion, the labour commons, and prefigurative ethico-political practices, the book argues that WREs contribute to the construction of more directly democratic community economies. Drawing on a range of contemporary case studies from numerous countries in the Global South and North, as well as new theories of workers' self-management, the book contributes a critical development, political economic, and class-struggle Marxist perspective to the re-emergent labour question within anti-systemic social movements, while theorizing the transformative nature of WREs for workers, work organizations, and communities.

Bringing a class-analysis back into current discourses and debates concerning democracy at work and alternatives to global capital, this book will be of interest to researchers across the fields of development studies, labour studies, political economy, sociology of development, sociology of work, and political science.