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When on May 12, 1848, Sam Brannan walked down San Francisco's Market Street, holding high a bottle of gold dust and shouting, "Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River!" he initiated the great California Gold Rush. As prospectors flooded into California, they also caused a surge in crime. In Crimewave author Matt Bernstein presents twenty-four of the most audacious and chaotic incidents in the Far West, bringing to light stories from frontier California that have too long remained hidden.

Benjamin Franklin Washington, great-grandnephew of George Washington himself, fought in the Sacramento Riot of 1850 and participated in a duel against a rival newspaper editor in San Francisco. Lucius Fairchild, who would become a Civil War hero, witnessed the rise of a vigilance committee in San Andreas and its deadly aftermath. Charles Cora, a New Orleans gambler, helped spark the largest vigilance committee in American history when he gunned down a US marshal on a crowded San Francisco street. The gold in the streams and mountains attracted prospectors, but criminals found other ways to enrich themselves. Through crooked games of chance, highway robbery, outright assassination, and schemes so devious they almost defy the imagination, the men and women that rushed to California brought the best and worst elements to a land already inhabited by wolves, mountain lions, and grizzly bears.

The result was a cultural phenomenon, the Wild West in California, a story rich with bloodshed, betrayal, and naked ambition. As the Gold Rush gave way to the Civil War, the silver seventies, and the close of the frontier, the violence only increased. Every day proved a gamble. But that didn't stop men from taking outrageous chances, for the promise of riches often outweighed the risk, so long as one was quick on the draw.

When considering Texas in the Civil War, the traditional consensus among historians has been that the conflict had relatively little effect on the people at home. With no major military operations in the state, slavery remained untouched, food remained plentiful, towns stood undestroyed, and lives proceeded as they had before the war for most people. The development of social history in Texas studies over the last two decades has shown, however, that the war produced disruptions beyond the obvious end of slavery in the state. Carl H. Moneyhon tests the generalization that Texans emerged from the Civil War relatively unscathed. There is no question that Texas never saw large armies march across the landscape destroying farms, plantations, and towns in their path. Does that mean, however, that Texans paid no price for going to war?

With deep reliance on primary sources, Moneyhon first examines the set of ideas about the North, enslaved people, and slavery that developed in Texas during the 1850s that provided the framework for secession, war, and military mobilization. He explores who joined the Confederate armies, why they continued to fight despite desperate conditions, and how their experiences affected them. Largely overlooked questions of finance and supply provide the focus of two chapters. Another considers the question of frontiers, bearing in mind the existence of multiple frontiers rather than simply that of the state's western and northwestern boundaries. Moneyhon investigates the breakdown of Confederate consensus and the development of anti-Confederate sentiment and movements. How the war affected family and class are topics that have received considerable recent attention and are also explored herein. Finally, he examines military history and Union activities in Texas, considering both the effect these actions had on the people of the state and the impact of defeat on soldiers and civilians.

With a career spanning multiple decades-from the Civil War and Reconstruction to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era-John M. Schofield (1831-1906) left a lasting impact on the American military. Despite his accomplishments as a general and statesman, Schofield is arguably one of the most overlooked figures in the history of nineteenth-century United States. This rich biography, masterfully written by historian Robert Wooster, draws on fresh scholarship to place Schofield's remarkable career of military service within the broader contexts of American politics and social reform.

Despite narrowly escaping expulsion before graduating from the U.S. Military Academy, Schofield advanced at a young age to the rank of general, holding several Union Army commands during the Civil War. Decades later he would be recognized with a Medal of Honor for his courage at the 1861 Battle of Wilson's Creek. His career of service had only just begun, though. In the wake of Reconstruction and in an era of limited government, Wooster explains, the nation needed its soldiers to serve as diplomats, administrators, and agents of empire. Schofield rose to these challenges, moving on to serve, among other roles, as envoy to France, U.S. secretary of war, and, in retirement, as advisor to presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Today he is familiar to many as the namesake for the Schofield Barracks on Oahu, Hawaii, established to defend Pearl Harbor.

Through this unflinching biography, covering both Schofield's successes and shortcomings, Wooster delivers a broad narrative that moves beyond military experiences and unearths the complex relationship between the U.S. Army and American politics in the nineteenth century. At the same time, this volume reveals the inner workings and trajectory of the American military as it moved forward into the twentieth century.

As a result of mass urbanization from the late nineteenth century onward, an acute housing shortage in Russia and the associated "housing question" rapidly grew to such a large scale that no single group was able to tackle it in its entirety. Complicated, ideologically fraught negotiations and solutions emerged, failed, and occasionally partially succeeded over time. The Unruly Everyday unearths and detangles the contours of this history, exploring what it tells us not just about Soviet and Russian housing but about the messy process by which society changes.

Beyond tracing contestations about housing in particular, Deirdre Ruscitti Harshman explores how the concept of the "everyday" was used to critique the limitations of the present and to imagine alternatives. She argues that the ways various groups worked, sometimes collaboratively and sometimes contentiously, through these negotiations transcended neat pre- and postrevolutionary binaries, in terms of both chronology and ideology. The issues and local responses remained largely the same no matter what type of central government controlled the Kremlin. Critically, the housing problem was instead addressed by the development of various forms of local power-whose very existence and capacities undermine the perception of both tsarist and Soviet Russia as autocratic, highly centralized states.

The Challenge of American Democracy presents a selection of edited primary source documents, discussion questions, and an interpretive framework to analyze and understand American democracy from the Revolution to the twenty-first century.

Organized chronologically across three historical periods, the sourcebook uses a broad range of texts-including speeches, court decisions, petitions, letters, and the full text of the U.S. Constitution-to engage readers with debates on topics such as citizenship, constitutional design, voting rights, and civic participation. It characterizes democracy in the United States as government of, by, and for the people and uses these criteria to help readers think critically about the development of democracy over time. The workbook format encourages active learning through dedicated spaces for handwritten responses and reflections.

This timely volume meets the need for educational resources to help students understand both the challenges and the opportunities that face American democracy today. It is perfect for introductory and intermediate college courses in history, political science, government, and civic education.

This set comprises primary sources on the coroner, the inquest, and the role of the coroner, in (broadly) the nineteenth century. The coroner was (and is in many respects) a peculiarly English and Welsh office.

The coroner was a judge who lived and worked in his local community and his actions had potential for far reaching effects on those he served. His judicial work was usually carried out alongside his occupation, as a solicitor or medical practitioner (or, in the early nineteenth century, a tradesman or businessman). The verdicts of his court sat at a junction between the criminal courts - where a coroner's jury acted as a grand jury and could pronounce on homicide - and a civil jurisdiction for the completion of a death certificate that contributed to central government statistics.

This set brings the subject to life with primary source materials published for the first time and supported by editorial materials. The set will be of interest to scholars of British 19th century history, legal historians, social historians, historical criminologists and medical historians.

This volume is part of?Decentring the History of Reading, a two-volume project that rethinks the history of reading from a Central European perspective. Focusing on sources and contexts often overlooked in Western European models, the case studies show how reading practices developed in a multilingual, politically contested, and institutionally regulated environment. Covering the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, the contributions in the first volume explore readers' engagement with print amid Enlightenment reforms, confessional tensions, emerging national movements, and the rise of the working class.

A case-study approach highlights the diversity of reading practices across social groups, linguistic communities, and institutional settings. Particular attention is given to the interplay between cultural policies and movements-education, censorship, nation-building-and everyday reading. Under conditions of limited access and shifting hierarchies, reading emerges as a practice of negotiation, appropriation, social engagement and participation. The volume offers fresh perspectives on the formation of modern reading cultures and will interest scholars of book history, literary and cultural studies, and the social life of texts.

By analyzing how protest fused the politics of reading and writing in 1968 West Germany, author Peter Schweppe uncovers the vibrant history of an alternative literary form during a watershed moment of social upheaval. Out of Line interlinks the politics of reading and writing with the verve of Global Sixties' protest, where fringe books, underground newspapers, incendiary flyers, and furtive graffiti galvanized readers and writers alike. The phrase "out of line" scrutinizes the emerging performative relationship between visual and textual media in the late 1960s as it metamorphosed modes of West German literary production, channeled the agenda of the protest movement, and, in doing so, shaped new kinds of textual meaning. Through its engagement with theories of materiality and "things," Out of Line interrogates the dynamic ways that protest readers and writers pushed and broke conventional boundaries. Schweppe's exploration of form discloses how reading and writing out of line implicates a textual and material history of protest and the lessons it offers protest histories to come.

In A Legacy in Peanuts, Columbus, Georgia, native Haisten Willis tells the story of Columbus's own Tom's Foods, a firm that aided the South's industrialization and played a major role in establishing the humble peanut as a cash crop. In the 1920s, founder Tom Huston revolutionized both the manufacturing and marketing of peanuts through his patented shelling machines and the creation of the company's signature product, Tom's Toasted Peanuts. With an assist from legendary scientist George Washington Carver, Huston turned Tom's into a multimillion-dollar business in just a few years-before losing it all on another big business bet. Future Columbus mayor Walter Richards then took over, stabilizing Tom's and expanding its lineup to include crackers and candy during his three decades at the helm.

The stuff of childhood memories, lazy afternoons, and countless workplace break rooms, the story of Tom's Foods reveals fundamental truths about business, farming, factory labor, race relations, innovation, and class in the twentieth-century South. By following the four largest players in the company's history-Huston, Richards, longtime president J. W. "Bill" Feighner, and midwestern billionaire Michael Heisley, who purchased Tom's as a distressed asset in 1993 and proved to be its final owner before a 2005 bankruptcy-Willis illuminates a complex story of the modernizing South.

Perhaps more than ever, we need to invest in the study of the causes and consequences of crises. Since its founding in 1975, the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project has aimed to better equip academics, policymakers, and the next generation of engaged citizens to make sense of why crises arise and how they can be more effectively managed and prevented. The ICB Project's data holdings consist of full-length qualitative case studies, along with an expanding range of quantitative datasets that include information regarding the characteristics of the states in crisis, crisis behavior, attempts at third-party crisis management, the role of nonstate actors, and the system-level context.

A Century of International Crisis Behavior summarizes the evolving patterns of international crisis behavior in the more than 500 cases cataloged since 1918, provides an accounting of the state of the scholarship to make sense of the patterns, and presents new findings that advance our understanding. Chapters are grouped according to their level of analysis: studies of systems, dyads, and states. The authors highlight what we have learned and what we have yet to learn regarding the prevention, escalation, and de-escalation of international crises.