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Medieval saints were thought to be able to provide miraculous cures for a wide variety of illnesses, and about one-tenth of their miracles involved the restoration of sanity to those who had lost their minds. Deprived of Sense and Intellect explores 460 of these stories written across Latin Christendom between 1240 and 1500. The study uses the lens of critical disability studies to bridge the gap between discussions of demonic possession and naturally arising somatic conditions, treating all these narratives about disability and miraculous healing not as documentation of changes to the function of an individual person, but instead as evidence of substantial and intrusive interpersonal tensions in medieval communities.

While medieval communities assigned these tensions to a malfunction of consciousness in a single person, medieval miracle texts also reveal how the function and malfunction of consciousness was named and classified. In studying these texts, Leigh Ann Craig explores the terminology and rhetoric used to diagnose a loss of mind as either from natural causes or as an effect of demonic predation, tracing the use of Latin vocabulary in medical compendia, law, and theology. Deprived of Sense and Intellect finds that since diagnoses were difficult and frequently subject to doubt, they varied based on regional cultures of disability in northern and southern Europe, the influences on the development of community consensus in Latin Europe in the Middle Ages, and assumptions based on gender, material evidence, and self-diagnosis.

The field of genocide studies has experienced extraordinary growth during the past two decades. It stands today as one of the most diverse and interdisciplinary in the social sciences and humanities. Likewise, the field's anchoring case studies have proliferated, from an initial focus on the Jewish Holocaust, the Armenian genocide, and the genocide of Tutsi in Rwanda, to a genuinely global framework that incorporates cases of genocide and other mass atrocities on every populated continent.

This handbook provides a cutting-edge overview of the discipline, blending theoretically grounded analysis with empirically rich illustrations to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the contemporary debates in genocide studies. Split into seven sections, the book covers:

• Roots and Causation
• Disciplinary Perspectives
• Genocide Through History
• The 20th Century: Genocide Before the Convention
• Genocide Since 1948
• Interventions and Aftermaths
• Cultural Legacies

Bringing together a diverse set of both established and up-and-coming scholars, this volume will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students who are new to the field, to educators, and to scholars, researchers, and professionals in numerous fields who seek an encompassing understanding of genocide studies.

This book examines how the United Nations Secretariat built a coordinated regional peacekeeping architecture across the Israel-Arab conflict between 1967 and 1982, tracing its operational achievements and the structural limits that ultimately constrained them.

Drawing on previously classified UN archives, the book offers the first integrated institutional history of four UN operations - UNTSO, UNEF II, UNDOF, and UNIFIL - treated not as isolated deployments but as components of a deliberately managed regional system. It introduces the concept of Inter-Operation Collaboration (IOC), demonstrating that mission integration was practised decades before it was formalised in UN doctrine. Central to the narrative is General Ensio Siilasvuo, the Finnish officer who served successively as force commander, ceasefire negotiator at Kilometre 101, and Chief Coordinator of UN Peacekeeping in the Middle East, and whose career embodies the blend of military and diplomatic innovation that defined the era. The book also recovers the critical role of the Office of Special Political Affairs as the Secretariat's institutional engine.

The book will be of interest to scholars of UN peacekeeping, Middle Eastern history, and international organisations, as well as to practitioners and policymakers engaged with contemporary questions of multilateral conflict management.

This collection of over fifty essays provides a comprehensive overview of the Pacific theater of World War II. Scholars and practitioners from around the globe unite their expertise to explore the interaction of the belligerents, with multiple chapters co-written by Japanese and American authors.

Part I provides the political, economic, military, strategic, and legal backdrop. Part II highlights operational and strategic concepts and approaches: assessment, deterrence, strategic culture, war gaming and planning, access and anti-access campaigns, cumulative and sequential operations, strategic and operational intelligence, and logistics. Part III focuses on turning points: the Axis alliance, wartime mobilization, naval buildups, the key campaigns of Malaya, Midway, Guadalcanal, and Leyte Gulf, unrestricted submarine warfare, and aerial bombing. Part IV turns to the warzone societies with chapters on Australia, China, Indonesia, India, Indochina, Japan, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Part V concludes with the war's diverse legacies: the Communist victory in China, suspicions of a Pearl Harbor coverup, the transformation of international law, the fate of veterans, the teaching of the war, its operational and doctrinal lessons, and the many movies and museums about it.

The handbook offers original and enduring analyses that will interest scholars, students, policymakers, and history buffs alike.

This book uncovers the history of emotions surrounding death in colonial and semi-colonial Anglo-China during the 19th century. Engaging with both English and Chinese sources, including obituaries, memoirs, personal correspondence, missionary publications, mourning poetry and travel accounts, Death and Emotions in Anglo-China explores how this common human experience was understood, expressed, and felt across different cultures, where it became not merely a personal matter but a hotly contested issue.

Illustrating how emotions of death solidified communities, buttressed regimes and galvanised political movements, the book pays attention to the dilemma between personal grief and communal commemoration, arguing that the chaotic process of grieving was often pushed aside by collective narratives, which stressed the emotional norm of solemnity. Such collective emotions provided the Western powers, namely the British, a sentimental rhetoric of sacrifice for their imperial cause, and for the Chinese, a powerful impetus to rising Chinese nationalism by the turn of the century.

Focusing on a culturally dynamic context previously overlooked in the field of emotional history, this book contributes to the global dimension of growing interests in historicizing the universal human conditions of emotions and death.

This book explores the origins, evolution, and limits of the "Euro-Russian entente" in the crucial transition period from perestroika to the consolidation of the Russian Federation, and from the European Single Market project to the emergence of the European Union.

Drawing on extensive archival research and a wide range of secondary sources from both Eastern and Western Europe, the volume reassesses the political-diplomatic, socio-economic, military, technological, and cultural dimensions of this pivotal moment in Euro-Russian relations. By foregrounding contingency, plurality of actors, and the interplay between ideas, institutions, and material constraints, it demonstrates that the failure of a deeper partnership was not preordained, but instead the outcome of a complex process in which ambitious projects of convergence coexisted with structural divergence. The volume thus provides a historically grounded framework for understanding not only the missed opportunities of the past, but also the deeper roots of the tensions that continue to shape relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation today.

This book will appeal to scholars and students of Cold War, contemporary European history, Russian and Soviet studies, European integration, and international relations, as well as policymakers and general readers.

Investigates the strategy and intent of the American president in pursuit of national security, using a case study approach spanning the last century.

Strategic Direction takes inspiration from the following sentence in Henry Kissinger's Diplomacy: "In the American system of government, in which the president is the only nationally elected official, coherence in foreign policy emerges-if at all-from presidential pronouncements." The conditional phrase-if at all-suggests coherence doesn't happen by itself, doesn't happen very often, and doesn't last very long. Why not?

To answer this question, Strategic Direction uses a case study approach spanning 1915-2015. The first case study begins in 1915 when Woodrow Wilson justifies his decision to remain neutral in the first world war. The last case study ends in 2015 with a warning from Barack Obama about the risks of perpetual war. Through an exploration of verbal and written communication, including documents, executive orders, memorandums, and other materials, this book examines how presidents determine and pursue their foreign policy priorities.

This book explores the fascinating evolution of close-season foreign tours conducted by Football League clubs between 1900 and 1939, a period when these tours became a cornerstone of the British footballing calendar transforming the nature and role of the close season.

During the close season, clubs ventured beyond British fields to play abroad, serving as footballing missionaries spreading the game, tourists engaging with foreign football cultures, and participants in cross-cultural exchanges. Acting as "ambassadors in soccer kit," as Arsenal manager George Allison described, clubs complemented England's role in showcasing the dominance of British football while contributing to the soft power of British governments through soccer diplomacy.

Through a transnational lens, this book examines how these tours became vehicles for cultural encounters, profoundly shaping the identities and experiences of players as transnational actors. It highlights the transformative impact of these interactions on both British and foreign footballing landscapes.

Co-authored by two leading sports historians, this archival study combines cultural diplomatic and transnational perspectives to provide a comprehensive analysis of Football League club tours. It situates these tours alongside foreign fixtures played by England and Scotland as pivotal moments of elite-level footballing exchange.

Covering themes of sports history, propaganda history, cultural diplomacy, and transnational studies, this book is ideal for scholars, students, and enthusiasts of football history, international relations, and cultural studies.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Soccer & Society.

Explore the ancient Roman empire through the lens of its leaders.

This encyclopedia provides biographical information, further readings, and select primary documents on the Roman emperors, all in one easy-to-use volume. This book explores strengths and weaknesses of the various rulers, their ascents to and falls from power, and their families and legacies. From Julius Caesar to Severus Alexander, the work shows how these leaders shaped the Roman empire and history as a whole.

The book is organized chronologically, organized into major dynasties and intermediary periods: Julio-Claudians (55 BCE to 68 CE), Year of the Four Emperors (68-69), Flavians (69-96), Antonines (96-193), Year of the 5 Emperors (193), and Severans (193-235). Within each dynasty, supporting figures-friends, families, and enemies-are arranged alphabetically for the ease of the reader.

Readers will come to understand the people behind one of the world's most powerful and famous empires-how Augustus's relationship with Mark Antony, both enemy and brother-in-law, changed the course of the empire or how Domitian's autocratic leadership led to his assassination. This encyclopedia offers readers an overview of the history of the Roman empire through those that created, maintained, and lost it. Giving further readings, both primary and secondary documents, the book opens the door to further learning while providing a one-stop reference for the basics of the Roman empire and its leaders.

While scholarship on the Armenian Genocide has expanded significantly in recent years, the history of the concentration camps in present-day Syria, where Ottoman authorities deported Armenians during the death marches, remains largely understudied.


This is the first book to offer an in-depth and multifaceted examination of these camps. The chapters trace the origins and development of the camp system and document the atrocities committed at infamous sites such as Deir ez-Zor, Ras al-Ain, Meskene and others. Contributors explore the brutal realities of daily life in the camps, the interactions between deportees and local populations, as well as the ways in which some Armenians managed to resist and survive against overwhelming odds. Combining a comparative perspective that situates the camps within a global context with detailed analyses of specific locations, this volume provides critical new insights into the operation and function of concentration camps during the Armenian Genocide.

The Psychoanalysis of Nazism explores the intricate relationship between psychoanalysis, language, and the sociopolitical forces of Nazi Germany.

Through a detailed examination of psychoanalytic discourse during the Third Reich, the book reveals how analysts navigated the constraints of censorship and ideological conformity, often adopting a "camouflage" style to preserve their intellectual integrity. It focuses on the works of Alexander Mette and Gerhart Scheunert, two analysts whose contrasting approaches to psychoanalysis under Nazi rule illuminate the tensions between adaptation and resistance. Mette's mastery of linguistic subterfuge allowed him to critique the regime subtly, while Scheunert's dual identity as both a Nazi Party member and a psychoanalyst highlights the moral and professional compromises of the era. The book also delves into postwar controversies, including Annemarie Duehrssen's polemical history of German psychoanalysis and the ongoing struggle to reconcile Freud's legacy with the field's troubled past.

This book is essential reading for scholars and students of psychoanalysis, history, and sociolinguistics, as well as anyone interested in the intersections of language, ideology, and intellectual resistance. It offers profound insights into the ethical dilemmas faced by psychoanalysts under totalitarian regimes and the enduring impact of these challenges on the development of modern psychoanalytic thought.

This open access book argues that high level summits and state visits between state leaders proved to be a useful means of pursuing geopolitical goals during the Cold War. Focusing on the relationship between communist Romania and democratic Britain and the USA, it shows how the Anglo-American allies sought to support Romania's stance in foreign policy, in order to hinder Soviet influence and destabilise the communist bloc.

Offering the first study to argue that this triangular relationship emerged during the 1970s through these high-level diplomatic meetings, it explores the substantive issues that arose from this connection. Highlighting the key intermediary role played by Romanian diplomacy in the Middle East and with North Korea, and pointing to the significance of trade in this relationship, it shows how Anglo-American leaders turned a blind eye to the dictatorial regime in Bucharest, in order to achieve their geopolitical goals. Capitalizing on this relationship, Ceausescu became the first communist leader to be courted in meetings at the highest level by Britain and the USA.

Informed by recently declassified official documents with a foreword by Dennis Deletant, Top Diplomacy Amidst the Cold War takes a multi-lingual, multi-archival approach to provide a truly international history of Romania's Cold War relationship with the US and Britain.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by UKRI.

This book uncovers a largely forgotten early vision of European unity that emerged in Britain before the First World War.

By tracing the remarkable career of Sir Max Waechter (1837-1924), entrepreneur, philanthropist and the British representative of the Nobel brothers' Caspian oil interests, it reveals how British actors were among the earliest in arguing that Europe's growing rivalries could be addressed through closer economic cooperation and political understanding. The study shows that ideas of a federated Europe were already being energetically developed, debated and promoted before 1914.

Central to the book is Waechter's creation of the European Unity League, whose ambitious programme provides a fresh lens to reassess the intellectual and political climate of the pre-war years. Drawing on extensive archival research, the volume reconstructs Waechter's 1906 manifesto to King Edward VII, his extraordinary diplomatic tour across the continent aboard the former Austrian archducal yacht Rovenska and his ability to secure audiences with most reigning heads of state, despite opposition from the Foreign Office. It follows how these efforts led to the 1909 Inaugural Congress of the European Federation in Rome, co-organized with the Italian pacifist Prince di Cassano (1855-1926), and the formal establishment of the League in London in 1913.

Although the outbreak of war curtailed its activities, the League stands as one of the earliest mass movements for European unity, anticipating Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi's better-known interwar Pan-European Union by two decades and a world war.

By situating Waechter's campaign within broader British and European debates about armaments, decline and the future of the continent, the book offers a new understanding of the roots of the European idea and of Britain's unexpected role in shaping it. Written accessibly, it will appeal to readers interested in modern European history, international politics and the life of a visionary yet overlooked figure.

This book charts the evolution of animal history from 1800 to the present day, and is an essential companion for students navigating the methodological practices of the field.

Organised by theme, Writing Animal History takes readers through a variety of approaches to animal-human interactions, against the backdrop of key historiographical questions: such as agency, acculturation, and power hierarchies. With chapters on wilderness and civilisation, industrialised animals, and animals in science and technology - discussion moves from the origins of the field, to the evolving place of animals in society, and then to the future of animal history.

Schoenfelder analyses a wealth of case studies in each chapter, highlighting to students how a variety of sources, theories, and methods can be employed when writing and reflecting on animal histories. The author's use of practical examples not only demonstrates the dynamic nature of the field, and its wide geographical applications, but encourages students to approach and develop their own research questions and ideas.

Writing Animal History is a key touchstone for students learning about the practice of animal history, and is an essential tool for analysing and developing historiographical writing.

This open access book studies the history of the island of Crete as a site of ethnic and religious mixing and reveals how this relates to modern day interest in pluralistic community formation.

Louis A Ruprecht Jr. explores the mixture of culture, traditions, languages, and religion in the Greek island of Crete to explore the idea that mixing creates both marvels and monsters. The book considers how all of the bodies living and mixing on Crete were caught up in ritual, ceremony, and contexts which can be identified as religious. Ruprecht explores archeology, literature, myths, and biblical stories, revealing how the history of mixing cultures and ideas in Crete, focusing mostly on Greek mythology and the early spread of Christianity. In essence, Ruprecht uses Crete's history as an example to show how we can live in mixed societies rather than amidst constant culture wars.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Emory University and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

The second volume of this two-volume collection provides a military history of the Levant from the final years of the twelfth century to the expulsion of the Franks from the Levant in the late thirteenth century.

Each chapter is written from the viewpoint of a different group. This approach gives voice to various groups, including crusaders, local Latin princes and neighbouring Muslim powers, providing the readers with a deeper understanding of the crusades. Featuring contributions from leading scholars, this book combines narrative and analysis to deliver fresh insights into the era's military dynamics.

The volume is ideal for students, scholars, and instructors of medieval history, military history, and crusades studies. It is also suitable for general readers interested in the diverse perspectives and military systems of the Levant during the crusades.

American Freedom: The Basics explores ideals of freedom as they have been conceived, debated, practiced, and struggled for in the United States from the Revolutionary War to the present day.

Across ten chapters, the book addresses these core concepts: the nation's revolutionary ideals and actualities; slavery and emancipation; and territorial expansion and demographic change. It goes on to discuss economic liberty, Native American survivance, women's liberty and other modern freedom movements, finally addressing the issues around guns and freedom, American incarceration, and freedom across the Information Age. Taken together, these chapters offer an introduction to the subject of American freedom that charts - and reveals intersections between - critical ideas, events, figures, and cultural phenomena. The book provides an orienting view useful in guiding future explorations, along with a compelling sense of why such explorations matter. Examining ideals of freedom brings us to the center of debates about what being an American has meant - and might yet mean. Those debates are, this book argues, intensely vital and relevant today.

Readable and concise, featuring chapter summaries and discussion questions, this book will be useful for undergraduate students of American History, American Politics, American Cultural Studies, and American Literature.

A compelling exploration of how Mesopotamian discoveries reshaped biblical scholarship, and why their connection to the Bible made them matter. From the first public reading of the Babylonian flood story in 1872 to the controversies sparked by Delitzsch's Babel-Bible lectures, Lasine Thelle traces the formative encounters between Assyriology and biblical studies. This book reveals how excavations in Assyria and Babylonia, and the decipherment of Akkadian texts, transformed the study of the Old Testament and redefined core concepts still taken for granted today.

Through detailed analysis of major figures, including Wellhausen, Gunkel, and Mowinckel, Thelle shows how scholarly debates over creation myths, chronology, and cultural influence shaped modern biblical research. She also uncovers the reciprocal dynamic: Mesopotamia's appeal to Western explorers was inseparable from its perceived biblical significance.

Rich in historical insight and critical reflection, this study illuminates the intertwined histories of two disciplines and offers a fresh perspective on the intellectual currents that continue to inform contemporary scholarship.

The first volume of this two-volume collection presents a military history of the Levant from the arrival of the First Crusade in Syria at the end of the eleventh century to the Third Crusade and the death of Saladin in the final years of the twelfth century.

Each chapter is written from the viewpoint of a different group. This approach gives voice to the major contingents of visiting crusaders, local Latin princes, neighboring Muslim powers and even certain parties who lived beyond the limits of the Levant. Combining narrative with analysis, the volume allows readers to compare how different groups experienced, understood and responded to events. Bringing together world-leading scholars, the volume's contributors offer distinct expertise and approaches, adding another dynamic to the central theme of perspective.

The volume is ideal for students, scholars, and instructors of medieval history, military history, Middle Eastern history and crusades studies. It is also suitable for general readers interested in the diverse perspectives and military systems of the Levant during the period of the crusades.