心理学 — 全 下位分類

This edited volume brings together the latest research in understanding the nature, origins, and evolution of human sociability, one of the most intriguing aspects of human psychology.

Sociability-our sophisticated ability to interact with others, imagine, plan, and execute interdependent behaviours-lies at the heart of our evolutionary success, and is the most important prerequisite for the development of increasingly elaborate civilizations. With contributions from internationally renowned researchers in areas of social psychology as well as anthropology and evolutionary psychology, this book demonstrates the role of social psychology in explaining how human sociability evolved, how it shapes our mental and emotional lives, and how it influences both large-scale civilizational practices and intimate interpersonal relations. Chapters cover the core psychological characteristics that shape human sociability, including such phenomena as the role of information exchange, affective processes, social norms, power relations, personal relationships, attachment patterns, personality characteristics, and evolutionary pressures.

Featuring a wide variety of empirical and theoretical backgrounds, the book will be of interest to students and researchers in all areas of the social sciences, as well as practitioners and applied professionals who deal with issues related to sociability in their daily lives.

The Mind and Brain are usually considered as one and the same nonlinear, complex dynamical system, in which information processing can be described with vector and tensor transformations and with attractors in multidimensional state spaces. Thus, an internal neurocognitive representation concept consists of a dynamical process which filters out statistical prototypes from the sensorial information in terms of coherent and adaptive n-dimensional vector fields. These prototypes serve as a basis for dynamic, probabilistic predictions or probabilistic hypotheses on prospective new data (see the recently introduced approach of "predictive coding" in neurophilosophy). Furthermore, the phenomenon of sensory and language cognition would thus be based on a multitude of self-regulatory complex dynamics of synchronous self-organization mechanisms, in other words, an emergent "flux equilibrium process" ("steady state") of the total collective and coherent neural activity resulting from the oscillatory actions of neuronal assemblies. In perception it is shown how sensory object informations, like the object color or the object form, can be dynamically related together or can be integrated to a neurally based representation of this perceptual object by means of a synchronization mechanism ("feature binding"). In language processing it is shown how semantic concepts and syntactic roles can be dynamically related together or can be integrated to neurally based systematic and compositional connectionist representations by means of a synchronization mechanism ("variable binding") solving the Fodor-Pylyshyn-Challenge. Since the systemtheoretical connectionism has succeeded in modeling the sensory objects in perception as well as systematic and compositional representations in language processing with this vector- and oscillation-based representation format, a new, convincing theory of neurocognition has been developed, which bridges the neuronal and the cognitive analysis level.

The book describes how elementary neuronal information is combined in perception and language, so it becomes clear how the brain processes this information to enable basic cognitive performance of the humans.

Unraveling Assumptions: A Primer for Understanding Oppression and Privilege offers fundamental understandings of concepts and frameworks related to diversity and social justice. Aimed at university and community audiences, it offers an introductory exploration of power, privilege, and oppression as foundations of systems of inequality and examines complexities within meanings and lived experiences of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, disability, and social class.

After considering why it is so difficult to engage these issues, the authors explore meanings and impacts of power, privilege, and oppression as a primary lens of analysis. Subsequent chapters offer definitions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, disability and social class, identifying erroneous assumptions and challenging the tendency to oversimplify and decontextualize. Meanings, identities, and effects of oppression and privilege are central foci within each chapter. The book ends with a chapter examining ways that individuals may take action as allies and advocates to resist oppression. Throughout the book, Unraveling Assumptions makes connections among individual, interpersonal, and systemic levels of inequality, while focusing on relational and psychological implications for lived experience-including the reader's lived experience.

By integrating social science research with concrete examples and personal reflection, this concise, introductory level text invites the reader to consider the costs of systemic hierarchies for all people and envision possible alternatives to participating in oppressive hierarchy.

Unraveling Assumptions is a book for students and community to learn about privilege and oppression. The authors' companion book Teaching Diversity Relationally offers process-oriented guidance for educators teaching this material to successfully negotiate the inherent psychological and relational challenges.

In The Feeling Intellect, Steven Groarke explores the overlap between psychoanalysis and philosophy in order to provide the first critical evaluation of the Independent tradition in British and American psychoanalysis.

The book focuses on the formation of Independent object-relations theory as an original mid- to late-twentieth-century development in post-Freudian psychoanalysis, focusing on contributions by Fairbairn, Winnicott, Loewald and others to add to our understanding of what the author terms the dependence relationship: the earliest relationship between mother and infant. The theory of acts and relations provides the basic framework for more detailed discussions of the psychoanalysis of time, including, Loewald's idea of the inner future and the role of re-descriptive memory as a type of reclamation.

This book is aimed at a readership intent on exploring the philosophical aspects of contemporary psychoanalysis in more detail. It will be of great value to psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and students studying psychology.

Through the attentive examination of a single case study, this book weaves together the lived experiences of a clinician in training with those of their teenage patient, as they collectively navigate and overcome the profound effects of early relational trauma on the development of the self.

By the care taken in their analysis, the book's authors deepen readers' understanding of attachment disorders and their clinical presentation whilst allowing for a uniquely human view of the interactions between patient and clinician. Elegantly combining poetic prose with a clinical account, this book invites readers to travel with the clinician, to think and feel in tandem with his subjective experiences, and to explore psychoanalytic and systems theory as a means to understand clinical relationships that are seldom written about with such vulnerability. It is a story of determination and growth both moving and enlightening.

By giving form to the resilience of both patient and clinician, their mutual strength through "tears of change", this book expounds the behavioral consequences and treatment of psychopathologies associated with early relational trauma. In this way, the book will prove essential for all psychoanalysts and psychotherapists working with traumatized children and adolescents.

Bion and Intuition in the Clinical Setting focuses on Bion's investigation of the intuitive approach to clinical data and lays out how Bion's method encouraged constant effort by the analysts to relinquish its reliance on sensory and conceptual-verbal faculties to make room for intuition.

Based on the work of the biannual Bion conference, this book includes contributions from the most eminent voices on Bion's work. Spanning topics such as the primordial mind, intuitive comprehension and desire, the contributors in this volume illustrate how they incorporate the concept of intuition in their own clinical developments. Each chapter examines different elements of how Bion's research approaches the difficulties faced by analysts in the approach and discrimination of primitive emotional levels in the patient-analyst communication.

This book will be of key interest to analysts and analytic therapists of all schools and is an essential resource for those that follow the work of Bion.

What is the best way to understand the narratives of self-identity at the beginning of the 21st century? This interdisciplinary collection brings together perspectives from analytical psychology, sociology, psychiatry, psychosocial studies, and psychoanalysis to consider questions about individuation and freedom in our unhinged world.

The contributors discuss the meaning of, and need for, individuation in individualized and liquid societies. The book begins with a comparison of three approaches: C.G. Jung's individuation, Ulrich Beck's individualization, and Zygmunt Bauman's liquidity. This sets the tone for further consideration of topics including guilt, social media, global nomads, and surveillance. Theoretical reflections are enhanced by clinical material, and the book emphasizes the connections between sociology and psychoanalysis, offering significant insights into the importance of psychosocial approaches.

This timely work will be of great interest to academics and scholars of psychosocial studies, Jungian studies, sociology, and politics.

This book is the first to develop a Baudrillardian critique of the problematic way Lacanian psychoanalysis, as a clinical practice and by extension as a source of socio-cultural and philosophical theory, continues its vain attempt to (re)animate a subject of the unconscious. The text throws into question Lacan's notion of the 'real,' the unconscious 'structured as a language,' and his construct of surplus, while interrogating the links between psychoanalysis and Marxism. It shows how Lacanian psychoanalysis, with its questionable ethics, transpires as an endlessly recursive simulation model.

Lacan's clinical seminar was influential in the intellectual milieu of Paris while Baudrillard was writing. Although frequently referring to psychoanalysis, Baudrillard never wrote a detailed critique of psychoanalysis; the scaffolding of such a work, however, transpires throughout the extent of his writing. The text also outlines Deleuze and Guattari's critique of psychoanalysis stressing how the alternative they propose remains within the oppressive terms of our current world.

This book is an essential resource for social, critical, cultural, literary, feminist, and psychoanalytic theory. While of interest to students, researchers, and scholars of Jean Baudrillard's work and Lacanian psychoanalysis, this book particularly addresses those for whom not all is well with psychoanalysis, opening towards renewed directions through questioning.

Environmental and Architectural Psychology: The Basics is a jargon-free and accessible introduction to the relationship between people and their natural and built environment.

Exploring everything from the effectiveness of open plan offices to how people respond to life-threatening disasters, the book addresses issues around sustainability, climate change, and behaviour, and is grounded in theory and ideas drawn from psychology, geography, and architecture. Author Ian Donald introduces both the theoretical underpinnings and the applications of environment-behaviour research to solving real world problems, encouraging readers to reflect on the role of design and policy in shaping the environments in which they live and work. With chapters considering the impact of environment on identity, wellbeing, crime, and spatial behaviour, Donald shows us not only how people shape and affect the environment, but also in turn how the environment shapes and affects people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.

Addressing some of the most important questions of our time, including how behaviour drives climate change, and what we can do about it, this is the ideal book for anyone interested in the interactions between architecture, the environment, and psychology.

This book offers a regional, intersectional, and transnational perspective of psychoanalysis in Latin America and the Caribbean that illuminates psychoanalysis's role as social and political discourse through a collection of original interventions in the fields of psychoanalysis, cultural studies, psychology, anthropology, health sciences, history, and philosophy.

The authors contribute to discussions about the applicability of psychoanalytic concepts to reading Latin American and Caribbean sociopolitical phenomona as well as how these regionally specific dimensions challenge and transform traditional psychoanalytic notions. Firstly, the book offers a regional overview of psychoanalysis as a discourse that reflects on the imbrication between the psychic and the sociopolitical. Secondly, it showcases intersectional perspectives that illuminate psychoanalysis's potentials and limitations in addressing contemporary problematics around race, gender, sexuality, and class. Finally, the book attests to the area's role in advancing psychoanalysis as a transnational discipline.

By providing both a balanced regional overview and an interdisciplinary perspective, the volume will be essential for all psychoanalysts and scholars wanting to undersrand the place of psychoanalysis in Latin American and Caribbean discourse.

This book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on the ethics of 'artificial intelligence' - autonomous, intelligent, (and connected) systems, or AISs, applying principles of social cognition to understand the social and ethical issues associated with the creation, adoption, and implementation of AISs.

As humans become entangled in sociotechnical systems defined by human and artificial agents, there is a pressing need to understand how trust is created, used, and abused. Compounding the difficulty in answering these questions, stakeholders directly or indirectly affected by these systems differ in their motivations, understanding, and values. This volume provides a comprehensive resource to help stakeholders understand ethical issues of designing and implementing AISs using an ethical sensemaking approach. Starting with the general technical affordances of AIS, Dr. Jordan Richard Schoenherr considers the features of system design relating data integrity, selection and interpretation of algorithms, and the evolution processes that drive AISs innovation as a sociotechnological system. The poles of technophobia (algorithmic aversion) and technophilia (algorithmic preference) in the public perception of AISs are then described and considered against existing evidence, including issues ranging from the displacement and re-education needs of the human workforce, the impact of use of technology on interpersonal accord, and surveillance and cybersecurity. Ethical frameworks that provide tools for evaluating the values and outcomes of AISs are then reviewed, and how they can be aligned with ethical sensemaking processes identified by psychological science is explored. Finally, these disparate threads are brought together in a design framework.

Also including sections on policies and guideline, gaming and social media, and Eastern philosophical frameworks, this is fascinating reading for students and academics in psychology, computer science, philosophy, and related areas, as well as professionals such as policy makers and those working with AI systems.

Offers a new understanding of jailhouse informants and the role they play in wrongful convictions
Jailhouse informants-witnesses who testify in a criminal trial, often in exchange for some incentive-are particularly persuasive to jurors. A jailhouse informant usually claims to have heard the defendant confess to a crime while they were incarcerated together. Research shows that such testimony increases the likelihood of a guilty verdict. But it is also a leading contributor to wrongful convictions. Informants, after all, are generally criminals who are offering testimony in return for some key motivator, such as a reduced sentence.
This book offers a broad overview of the history and legal and psychological issues surrounding the testimony of jailhouse informants. It provides groundbreaking psychological research to address how they are used, the number of convictions that have ultimately been overturned on other evidence, how such informants are perceived in the courtroom, and by what means jurors might be informed about the risks of this type of testimony. The volume provides a much-needed examination of legal remedies to the impact of jailhouse informants and suggests best practices in dealing with jailhouse informant testimony in court.
There is a critical need to understand the influence of jailhouse informants and how their testimony can best be handled in court in the interests of justice. Jailhouse Informants is the first work of its kind that rises to the challenge of answering these difficult questions.

The impacts of tourism, an increasingly crucial area of study amongst researchers, are primarily investigated through economic, socio-cultural or environmental perspectives. The social psychological effects of tourism have not been adequately researched despite often being much more important for many destinations, especially where conflicts among different stakeholders exist. This book investigates the social psychological effects of tourism within the scope of social psychology theory.

This book introduces the concept of social psychology, as distinct from psychology and sociology, and its relationship to tourism, examines tourism within various theoretical frameworks, e.g. career ladder theory and Maslow's 7 hierarchy, explores the ways in which tourism changes attitudes and finally investigates social psychological issues in tourism business.

It is an important resource for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and relevant practitioners in the field of tourism, and in some cases for a broader public in the field of social psychology.

Explore the foundations of evidence-based approaches to coaching

A collection of the best papers over the last 15 years from the journal The Coaching Psychologist.

In Coaching Practiced: Coaching Psychology Tools, Techniques, and Evidence-Based Approaches for Coaches, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an insightful and complete handbook for practicing coaches. From wellbeing to the workplace, coaches of all stripes will find a fulsome discussion of effective methods, strategies, and frameworks for coaching clients.

In the book, the editors include contributions from leading experts that discuss a wide variety of essential topics in the field, including cognitive approaches, motivational interviewing, solution-focused coaching, mindfulness approaches, narrative coaching, and the influence of positive psychology in the field of coaching.

In this accessible and comprehensive resource, readers will also find:

• A thorough introduction to the psychology of coaching, including available frameworks
• In-depth examinations of reflective practice and professional development, including reflective journaling
• Comprehensive discussions of wellbeing coaching, including health and life coaching
• Fulsome explorations of workplace coaching, including the Lead, Learn, and Grow Model

Perfect for organizational and athletic leaders, Coaching Practiced: Coaching Psychology Tools, Techniques, and Evidence-Based Approaches for Coaches will also earn a place in the libraries of professional coaches, managers, executives, and others.

How new parents in low-wage jobs juggle the demands of work and childcare, and the easy ways employers can help

Low-wage workers make up the largest group of employed parents in the United States, yet scant attention has been given to their experiences as new mothers and fathers. Work Matters brings the unique stories of these diverse individuals to light. Drawing on years of research and more than fifteen hundred family interviews, Maureen Perry-Jenkins describes how new parents cope with the demands of infant care while holding down low-wage, full-time jobs, and she considers how managing all of these responsibilities has long-term implications for child development. She examines why some parents and children thrive while others struggle, demonstrates how specific job conditions impact parental engagement and child well-being, and discusses common-sense and affordable ways that employers can provide support.

In the United States, federal parental leave policy is unfunded. As a result, many new parents, particularly hourly workers, return to their jobs just weeks after the birth because they cannot afford not to. Not surprisingly, workplace policies that offer parents flexibility and leave time are crucial. But Perry-Jenkins shows that the time parents spend at work also matters. Their day-to-day experiences on the job, such as relationships with supervisors and coworkers, job autonomy, and time pressures, have long-term consequences for parents' mental health, the quality of their parenting, and, ultimately, the health of their children.

An overdue look at an important segment of the parenting population, Work Matters proposes ways to reimagine low-wage work to sustain new families and the development of future generations.

An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R offers a clear, comprehensive introduction to the Rasch model along with practical examples in the free, open-source software R.

It is accessible for readers without a background in psychometrics or statistics, while also providing detailed explanations of the relevant mathematical and statistical concepts for readers who want to gain a deeper understanding. Its worked examples in R demonstrate how to apply the methods to real-world examples and how to interpret the resulting output.

In addition to motivating and presenting the Rasch model, the book covers different methods for parameter estimation and for assessing fit and differential item functioning (DIF). While focusing on the Rasch model, it also addresses a variety of other dichotomous and polytomous Rasch and item response theory (IRT) models, such as two-parameter logistic (2PL) and Partial Credit models, and extensions, including mixture Rasch models and computerized adaptive testing (CAT).

Theory is presented in a self-contained way. All necessary mathematical and statistical background is contained in the chapters and appendices. The book also provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for getting started with R and using the eRm, mirt, TAM and rstan packages for fitting Rasch models.

Serendipity and creativity are both broad, widely disputed, and yet consistently popular concepts which are relevant to understanding the positive aspects of our daily lives and even human progress in the arts and sciences. The chapters in this book reflects a variety of theoretical and practical approaches to serendipity in various domains, including creative problem solving, sculpture, writing, theatre and design. Chapter authors address issues such as the nature of the 'prepared mind', the role of accidents, serendipity as a skill or way of engaging with the world and, indeed, how serendipity works as a concept and practice in relation to the dynamic flow of the creative system. Those who wish to explore the nature of chance in art and creativity, as well as in their daily lives, will find much to ponder in these pages.

This innovative text addresses the lack of literature regarding intersectional approaches to psychoanalysis, underscoring the importance of thinking through race, class, and gender within psychoanalytic theory and practice.

The book tackles the widespread perception of psychoanalysis today as a discipline detached from the progressive ideals of social responsibility, institutional psychotherapy, and community mental health. Bringing together a range of international contributions, the collection explores issues of class, politics, oppression, and resistance within the field of psychoanalysis in cultural, theoretical, and clinical contexts. It shows how, in contrast to this misperception, psychoanalysis has been attentive to these ideals from its origins, as well as demonstrating how it continues to be relevant today, through wide-ranging conceptual discussions of the anti-globalization, Black Lives Matter, and #MeToo movements.

Written in an accessible style, Psychoanalysis, Politics, Oppression and Resistance will be essential reading for practicing psychoanalysts as well as academics and students in a range of humanities and social sciences fields.

The new edition of Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology introduces the life, thought, work and impact of some of the most influential figures who have shaped and developed modern psychology, considering a more diverse history of the discipline.

The revised text includes new biographies, histories, and overviews of the work from scientists and scholars such as Alfred Alder, Isabel Briggs Myers, Katherine Cook Briggs and Karen Horney, as well as major re-writes of the works of Freud, Binet and Jung, and some of the more controversial characters such as Charles Galton and Hans Eysenck. Exploring the often overlooked but significant contributions of black, Jewish, and Eastern scholars to the discipline, this new edition looks to address the historically imbalanced focus of particular key thinkers and begin unpicking the impact that race and gender had on the direction and advancement of the field. The book covers the black psychology movement from George Herman Candy to Mamie Phipps Clark, and Kenneth Bancroft Clark, the enormous contribution of Chinese psychologist Jing Qicheng, and some of the many great psychologists whose families were part of the waves of Jewish emigration to the United States escaping oppression, persecution and economic hardship, including Walter Mischel, Cary Cooper and Daniel Kahneman.

This fascinating and informative guide is an invaluable resource for those studying, working in, or who simply want to find out more about psychology, suitable for both students and the lay reader alike.

This book presents an examination and exploration of the concept of omnipotence, its qualities and expression as a psychic state, its origins in the psyche and its appearance in the psychoanalytic process and in society.

Linked with narcissism but underdeveloped as a concept in its own right, omnipotence is explored in this book from a range of psychoanalytic perspectives, including its positive value in normal development through to its potential as a destructive element in the personality. The Omnipotent State of Mind is presented in five parts, each exploring a specific theme. The contributors explore omnipotence in infants, children, adolescents and adults, consider why it is so difficult to give up, and examine how the omnipotent state of mind is expressed in culture and society. The range of attitudes towards omnipotence within different psychoanalytic traditions is represented by the international selection of contributors.

The Omnipotent State of Mind will be of great interest to psychoanalysts in practice and in training, to psychoanalytic psychotherapists and to other professionals interested in omnipotent states of mind.

Playing at Work offers a thorough guide to the innovative psychoanalytic practices of Vincenzo Bonaminio, as he draws on the work of Winnicott, Bollas, and Tustin to demonstrate an effective method for working with adults, adolescents, and children in clinical settings.

Using several clinical cases, the book explores central psychoanalytic concepts such as transference and countertransference, identity and self, embodiment, anxiety, and the role of parental influence on psychic development. By providing extended commentary on his case material, Bonaminio illustrates the significance of writing about clinical practice to the development of techniques that address patients' varying needs. Simultaneously, this text offers a method that cultivates each patient's capacity for intuition and the use of metaphor to form their own interpretations, and thereby invests a sense of freedom into the analytic situation.

By its deeply reflective insights, and its emphasis on the contribution made by the analyst as an active participant in the therapeutic situation, Playing at Work forms essential reading for all practicing psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists who wish to improve their clinical practice with patients of any age.

This compact textbook introduces you to the psychological basics of human communication of everyday life in an entertaining way. You will encounter groundbreaking concepts, models, and axioms of communication (including well-known names such as Paul Watzlawick and Friedemann Schulz von Thun), different perspectives on communication, and various communication styles and patterns. You will learn what it means to communicate successfully and what makes successful communication difficult or even prevents it. And virtually in passing, you will learn to better understand your own communication and therefore yourself.

This book is a translation of the original German 1^st edition Was wir uns wie sagen und zeigen by Ulf Lubienetzki, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

Living in an age of digital distraction has wreaked havoc on our brains-but there's much we can do to restore our tech-life balance.

We live in a world that is always on, where everyone is always connected. But we feel increasingly disconnected. Why? The answer lies in our brains. Carl D. Marci, MD, a leading expert on social and consumer neuroscience, reviews the mounting evidence that overuse of smart phones and social media is rewiring our brains, resulting in a losing deal: we are neglecting the relationships that sustain us and keep us healthy in favor of weaker and more ephemeral ties.

The ability to connect and form strong social bonds is fundamental to human experience and emerged through unique structures in our brains. But ever-more-powerful technologies and ubiquitous access to media have hijacked our need to connect intimately and emotionally with others. The quick highs of clicking "like" and swiping right overstimulate the same neurological reward centers associated with social relationships. The habits that accompany our digital lifestyles are putting tremendous pressure on critical components of the brain associated with attention, emotion, and memory, changing how we process information and altering how we communicate and relate, even at a physiological level.

As a psychiatrist working at the forefront of research on the impact of digital technology, Marci has seen this transformation up close and developed a range of responses. Rewired provides scientifically supported solutions for everyone who wants to restore their tech-life balance-from parents concerned about their children's exposure to the internet to stressed workers dealing with the deluge of emails and managing the expectation of 24/7 availability.

Straight Choices provides a fascinating introduction to the psychology of decision making, enhanced by discussion of relevant examples of decision problems faced in everyday life. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, this edition provides an integrative account of the psychology of decision-making and shows how psychological research can help us understand our uncertain world.

The book emphasizes the relationship between learning and decision-making, arguing that the best way to understand how and why decisions are made is in the context of the learning and knowledge acquisition which precedes them, and the feedback which follows. The mechanisms of learning and the structure of environments in which decisions are made are carefully examined to explore their impact on our choices. The authors then consider whether we are all constrained to fall prey to cognitive biases, or whether, with sufficient exposure, we can find optimal decision strategies and improve our decision making. This edition highlights advances made in judgment and decision making research, with additional coverage of behavioral insights, nudging, artificial intelligence, and explanation-based decision making.

Written in a non-technical manner, this book is an essential read for all students and researchers in cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, and the decision sciences, as well as anyone interested in the nature of decision making.