文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Provides an encompassing overview of migration routes and dispersal of human populations around the world

World on the Move brings together the current state of knowledge about migration and displacement in a single, easily accessible volume. Written as a companion to "World on the Move: 250,000 Years of Human Migration," a traveling exhibition developed by the American Anthropological Association and the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, this thought-provoking book helps us reframe the ways we think and talk about migration.

World on the Move opens by describing the basic patterns and processes of migration and discussing the evidence used to measure migration, displacement, and their impacts. Subsequent chapters trace major population movements through human history, review the different reasons that propel the movement of human populations, and illustrate the many ways that migration affects us all. The final section focuses on international and national policies on immigration and displacement, including perspectives on birthright citizenship, migrant mothers and their children, and migration driven by climate change.

Drawing on a wealth of case studies of diverse cultures from across human history, World on the Move:

• Employs the "Crossroads" concept, an innovative narrative device that reveals connections between peoples, cultures, and moments when crucial decisions are made
• Discusses ways research on migration and displacement have been used to support public policy
• Highlights the roles of ever-evolving genetic, archaeological, and linguistic evidence in reshaping understanding of human population movements
• Explains basic terms, patterns, and processes of migration and displacement, as well as various evaluation and interpretation methods
• Addresses timely and complex issues such as enslavement and trafficking, border walls, immigration policy, and climate change

Presenting the latest scholarship on the peopling of the continents, World on the Move: 250,000 Years of Human Migration is an excellent textbook for undergraduate courses in anthropology, sociology, political science, cultural geography, and immigration studies, particularly those exploring migration, displacement, diaspora, and immigration policy.

Why does the world need anthropology and anthropologists more than ever? The second edition of Why the World Needs Anthropologists brings together prominent academic, practicing, and applied anthropologists to answer this provocative question.

This new edition advocates a proactive and ethically engaged discipline that not only observes societal transformations but also contributes to solving the most pressing global issues. It proposes that anthropology must be at the front and center of the solving table. In an accessible and appealing style, each author explores anthropology's social value and practical applications. Contributors share their career paths and how they use their anthropological skills and knowledge outside academia. They also provide specific suggestions to anthropologists and the public on how anthropology can offer powerful insights and solutions in complex and unpredictable times. Each chapter includes a list of recommendations - DOs and DON'Ts - from the authors. With such practical resources, this book is a toolkit to harness anthropology's full potential.

This one-of-a-kind volume is essential reading for fledgling and established anthropologists, social scientists, and the general public.

The Routledge Handbook of Food and Cultural Heritage explores the many varied intersections of food and cultural heritage from a robust, transdisciplinary perspective.

Innovative in its approach, this cutting-edge Handbook thinks beyond traditional boundaries to present unique perspectives on the myriad ways in which food and cultural heritage are entangled in theory and practice. Both are growing industries; both are deeply rooted in families, cultures, and societies; both generate controversy and are deployed for political and economic activism. They also both have intellectual lives of their own, and are centers of interdisciplinary fields themselves-yet they also intersect in interesting and, until this book, under-theorized ways. After a comprehensive introduction that presents and challenges the state-of-the-art in the disciplines of critical food and critical heritage studies, the Handbook's chapters are divided into six themes common to both fields: Ontologies and epistemologies of food and cultural heritage; material culture; identity, placemaking and belonging; politics and regulation; tourism development and heritage management; and contemporary issues and emerging approaches. To give representation of voices not usually heard in the scholarly tradition, special interviews with food-and-heritage practitioners complement the comprehensive chapters, adding further depth to the volume through their own lived experiences.

With contributions from nearly 50 internationally recognized scholars, social scientists, dieticians, practitioners, and activists, this book is essential reading to scholars, students, researchers, industry professionals, and practitioners looking to understand the complex and compelling ways in which food, foodways, and cultural heritage overlap and impact each other, providing venues for collaborations.

This book explores what it takes to create a sense of home while in exile, drawing on ethnographic research conducted in German asylum reception facilities from 2016-2020. From a material culture perspective, it examines how asylum seekers and migrants with precarious legal status 'translate' aspects of home into challenging environments. Through these translations-processual shifts of objects, habits, and ideas across borders-migrants work to reassemble a sense of belonging. The book delves into the material, social, and individual efforts involved in this homing process, while highlighting the ongoing impact of dispossession and loss. By focusing on personal attachments to objects and the broader context of migration, this work offers a unique perspective on forced migration, home cultures, and the quest for ontological security. The book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and students in disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, and human geography as well as other research interested in ethnographic perspectives on the respective topics.

This book is based on the author's work concerning the academic mission of anthropology, the discipline's way of reasoning and how it reflects on the global system. The content is divided into four parts: "Disciplinary Construction and Academic Self-Consciousness," "Self-Portrait of Society and Culture," "Applied Anthropology and the Confusion of Development," and "Globalization and Local Society."

Adopting a broad and far-reaching perspective, the book effectively identifies the academic tradition of anthropology and its development in the present time between text, context and field. In particular, the author emphasizes the academic idea of combining ethnographic and regional studies in anthropology and elevates it to the cross-border regional social system in order to consider the development of modern society, such as cross-border, globalization, Silk Road and other hot academic topics. As such, the book is a concrete expression of anthropological academic self-awareness and reflects the author's unique perspective on academic innovation. This book actively contributes to the further development of Chinese anthropology in the context of globalization.

This text introduces undergraduate and graduate students in health or environment-related classes to the mounting crisis of syndemics through the lens of planetary health. The concept of syndemics, developed by the author and now in wide use across multiple health-related disciplines, focuses attention on the adverse synergistic interaction of two or more diseases or other health conditions promoted or facilitated by social and/or environmental conditions. The planetary health framework is an emerging holistic medical rethinking of our understanding of health. It seeks to identify the safe environmental limits within which humanity and other species can flourish on our increasingly imperiled planet. This book offers useful conceptual tools and frameworks for developing a comprehensive understanding of approaches needed to address the health risks of our changing world. The unique coverage of this book is its careful examination of ecosyndemics around the world in light of the growing recognition that on a heavily disrupted planet, a narrow focus on human health is inadequate. Under these circumstances, a comprehensive planetary health framework is needed. This approach seriously considers the interconnected nature of human health, animal and plant health, and the health of the world's ecosystems.

Highly descriptive, with numerous cases of the planetary health crisis, the textbook is written in a student-friendly and accessible way and is an important resource for coursework across environment and health-related subjects.

This book offers a close-up study of annual cycle rituals among the southern Tagbanwa of Palawan Island in the Philippines, with a particular focus on shamanic oratory and vocalized performance. Drawing on rich ethnography and extensive fieldwork, it reflects on the interconnectedness of humans, nature, and the spirit world. The chapters shed light on the role of female (babalyan) and male (manlalambay) protagonists and how people, including the deceased, relate to each other through vibrant natural and crafted motifs. The study transports readers into a world of shifting cultivators and invites us to delve into animist dialogue in vivo. Offering a valuable contribution to debates on new animism and perspectivism, Shamanic Crossovers in the Southern Philippines will be of particular interest to scholars of anthropology, religion, Southeast Asia, and Indigenous studies.

From fairy tales and fiction to Tiktok, the specter of the witch has cast a long shadow over women and popular culture. Witchcraft: Gendered Perspectives traces the history of and evolution of the term "witch" across six centuries.

Tracing the history of witchcraft from the publication of the Malleus Maleficarum to its contemporary representation and reclamation, this volume takes a gendered and intersectional approach to the cultural and historical shifts which have both demonized and democratized the witch online and in public discourse. Amongst these are:

• The witch trials in Scotland, England and America
• Literary and screen re-imaginings of the witch
• The rise of Wicca as an alternative religion.

Witchcraft: Gendered Perspectives is an invaluable resource for graduate and undergraduate students across gender studies, queer history, religious studies, media studies and European and North American history.

This book draws attention to the importance of theoretical problems in archaeological research in China. At present, Chinese archaeology has adoped the traditional culture-historical paradigm, with research themes has mainly focused on chronology and cultural relationships. The lack of training at theoretical thinking and scientific methods, such as positivist methods and logical reasoning, it has become difficult to reconstruct the processes of human behavior and social change with rigorous steps of looking at people behind the artifacts. As a response to this situation, this book discusses various problems that bother Chinese archaeologists in terms of the advances of archaeological theories and methods. This book emphasizes the importance for theoretical guidance and problem awareness in archaeological research, while illustrates this scientific philosophy with diversified case studies. The purpose of this volume is trying to summarize the history and practice of Chinese archaeology in the global context. It will greatly broaden the perspective of researchers all over the world with an insight into this particular practice and can also serve as a comprehensive reference work in the field of Chinese archaeology.

This book analyzes the representations of movement that reflect time. The author scrutinizes movement critically assuming that (1) movement is composed of change, (2) a change may be a crack, (3) the crack demonstrates a disturbance in the experienced movement, and (4) it is culture that is a remedy to the crisis caused by this disturbance. It is shown that artistic sensitivity allows for the detection of various cracks, and it is, among other examples, religious mythology and scientific narratives where one finds a multiplicity of representations to manage the consequences of this detection. Zaporowski sees these tools as purposefully constructed to respond to the human experience of discontinuity in the world and proposes to frame time cyclically while - critically - paying attention to the cracks as significant indicators that force one to amend one's conduct in an ordered fashion. He appeals to the notion of culture, which allows one to manage the cracked nature of movement. Culture conditions one's purposeful and ordered actions, and is subject to possible reconfigurations through a series of interactions. It allows for foreseeable conduct while at the same time being aware of possible and irreversible changes. This volume appeals to researchers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students in philosophy and anthropology.

This book focuses on anthropology's ambition for comprehensiveness and its interdisciplinary nature. It consists of concise essays, each around 2,500 words, in which contributors examine how concepts traditionally linked to philosophy or other disciplines are interpreted and applied within anthropology. Each contributor selects a personally inspiring concept and illustrates its relevance to anthropology, showcasing how it takes on new meaning within an anthropological framework. These essays vary in style and content, allowing contributors to discuss the history of the concept's usage, provide an ethnographic illustration of the concept, or offer an analytical, comparative or theoretical exposition of the concept as deployed anthropologically. A common theme across all entries is the exploration of anthropological disciplinarity - or 'anti-disciplinarity' - highlighting its intellectual flexibility and genre-blurring practices, in an effort to approach that expansiveness necessary to do justice to the complexity of human existence.

This festschrift volume celebrates Tim Murray's significant and wide-ranging contribution to archaeological thought and practice. It includes 27 papers by Tim Murray's colleagues, research collaborators and students-former and current. Together these comprise a substantive and reflective contribution to Archaeology, History, Philosophy and Cultural Heritage in Australia, Oceania, China, India, the United Kingdom, Northern Europe, and North America.

The collected papers in this volume tie together Murray's research into the history (or historiography) of archaeological thought, and his commitment to understanding the material culture of the past to 'write history'. They provide a cross-section of philosophical enquiries and substantive research: from epistemological studies of shared lexicons and important debates in the history of archaeological thought, to the minutae of material culture studies. Several papers explcitly and implicitly explore one of Murray's great interests: the role of heritage preservation in our exploration of the past, including dedicated tertiary training programs for Indigenous Australians to manage, research and protect their own Country. The book is divided into four parts: History, Archaeology, Philosophy and Heritage, offering an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the past. This volume would be of interest to archaeologists, historians, philosophers of archaeology, and heritage scholars.

The focus of the volume is on ethnographically oriented research practice. It is reflected in the mirror of the currently controversial concepts of diversity and intersectionality in the cultural and social sciences. Special attention is paid to the question of how researchers deal with the methodological problem of the production, reproduction and reflection of categories. Which categories are already brought to the 'field', later revised or solidified, and which categories finally accompany the interpretation process and which constitute the presentation of results? How and why do they emerge? And last but not least: How are specific worlds of experience of human diversity co-produced or transformed by (research) categories?

The Content

Conceptual foundations - Diversity and inclusion in educational contexts - Interculture in diversity - Diversity in the field of tension between body, gender and disability

The Editors

Dr. rer. soc. Halyna Leontiy is Substitute Professor (Verwaltungsprofessorin) of Foundations of Social Sciences, Institute of Methods and Methodological Principles in the Social Sciences (IMMS), University of Goettingen, Germany since October 2021.

Prof. Dr. phil. Miklas Schulz is a visiting researcher focusing on Inclusive Education and School Development at the Institute of Educational Science, Department of Applied Educational Science, at the University of Hildesheim.

This edited volume presents, for the first time, a history of anthropology regarding not only the well-known European and American traditions, but also lesser known traditions, extending its scope beyond the Western world. It focuses on the results of these traditions in the present. Taking into account the distinction between empire-building and nation-building anthropology, introduced by G. Stocking and taken up by U. Hannerz, the book investigates different histories of anthropology, especially in ex-colonial and marginal contexts. It highlights how the hegemonic anthropologies have been accepted and assimilated in local contexts, which approaches have been privileged by institutions and academies in different locations, how the anthropological approach has been modelled and adapted according to specific knowledge requirements related to the cultural features of different areas, and which schools emerge as the most consolidated today. Each chapter presents a "cultural history" of one of the historical-cultural and geo-political contexts that influenced and produced the specific disciplinary traditions. The chapters highlight the local contributions to the discipline, the influences that the world centres have on the peripheries, but also the ways in which the peripheries have "learned from the centres" in order to re-elaborate meaningful or otherwise recognisable disciplinary lines.

This provocative book presents a methodological proposal for teaching ethnographic fieldwork, applying interdisciplinary tools inspired from performance theory, acting, experiential anthropology and existential psychotherapy. At the same time, it constitutes a theoretical and methodological trajectory mapping the history of ethnographic fieldwork through highly characteristic moments along with the author's own personal journey in the field in terms of a lifetime project. Starting from the assumption that ethnographic fieldwork constitutes a deeply human experience, the book proposes a step further towards the performative dimension of an ethnographic condition inspired by the Stanislavski method, which in practice complements performance theory issues: it is argued that participant observation offers an intermediate identity for the ethnographer through a conscious management of the social "role" dictated by their research participants; this ethnographic mediation of the Self may also have psychotherapeutic effects, mainly through conscious management of self-diversity and reflexivity in ethnographic writing. Ethnographic fieldwork is thus highlighted as a performative stage and a field of deep transformations for the ethnographer's identity.

This book examines Candomble's material culture and its relationship with the evolving cultural politics of Brazil. It employs artefacts as analytical tools to trace the emergence of a diasporic consciousness. By followiing the movements of artefacts historically, the study reveals how Candomble has transitioned from a secluded sacred tradition marked by discrimination and persecution to its inclusion in the construction of a new cultural character in Brazil. While maintaining its esoteric traditions and contending with ongoing discrimination, the Candomble sphere has evolved into a confluence of socio-religious and political expressions in sacred and spectacular contexts. This research highlights the crucial role of artefacts in the various stages of Candomble's evolvement. It demonstrates how diasporic communities progressively exercise political and cultural significance within new societal contexts. The anticipated readership for this publication includes a diverse group of scholars, particularly those engaged in anthropology, material culture, art history, history, and religious studies.

Learning Archaeology is designed for undergraduate archaeology students, helping them develop interpretive skills in the classroom through problem-oriented, active learning exercises.

This book brings together case studies drawn from real archaeological research so students can understand (and wrestle with) how archaeology is practiced, the kinds of questions that can be addressed with archaeological data (and their limits), and the often contested place of the discipline in the modern world. Experts working across the globe and on a variety of topics have written chapters addressing critical archaeological issues or questions using data and examples from their own research projects. Several chapters are co-authored by experienced practitioners working outside of the academy in archaeology and heritage-related fields, including Tribal or First Nations members. Importantly, each author or group of authors situates their archaeological problem within the social and political context of their practice. With ethical and socio-political considerations woven through each chapter, the book is structured into three sections-Excavation, Analytical Methods, and Archaeology in the Contemporary World-and provides both a comprehensive view of archaeological method and an understanding of the role that archaeological knowledge has in contemporary society.

Learning Archaeology is for undergraduate archaeology students and suitable for use in introductory courses in archaeology.

This book examines how the Covid-19 pandemic can be described as a biopolitical crisis, taking into account a fact often overlooked by commentators: Covid-19 is a zoonosis, a disease transmissible between animal species. The Sars-Cov2 virus causing this respiratory disease circulated in bats before passing to humans under as-yet mysterious conditions, and it was transmitted from humans to other species, notably mink and deer.

Building on Michel Foucault's revival of the term "biopolitics" and related notions (disciplinary power, pastoral power, cynegetic power), this book traces a set of public health measures taken over the last two centuries to control epidemics. It underlines how the need to conserve virus strains in order to identify and anticipate their mutations has given rise to cryopolitics, a set of techniques aimed at suspending the living in order to defer death. The book then questions the emancipatory scope of this cryopolitics by examining interspecies solidarity built by the warning signals sent by animals to humans about coming threats, be they pandemics, natural disasters, or climate change. By blurring the boundaries between the wild and the domestic resulting from the process of domestication, the politics of zoonoses relies on sentinels who preserve the memory of signs from the past to prepare living beings for future threats by involving them in a common ideal.