文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This updated second edition of Using Anthropology in the World: A Guide to Becoming an Anthropologist Practitioner is a comprehensive introduction to non-academic anthropological practice.

The demand for anthropologist practitioners is strong and growing every day; practice is, in many ways, the leading edge of anthropology today and one of the most exciting aspects of the discipline. How can anthropology students prepare themselves to become practitioners? Specifically designed to help students, including those in more traditional training programs, prepare for a career in putting anthropology to work in the world, this revised edition contains updates on a number of topics, including AI, and contains expanded sections on career preparation and job hunting.

This book will help both undergraduate and graduate anthropology students prepare themselves for careers outside the university and to use their anthropological skills and abilities in the government, private, and non-profit sectors.

This book focuses on Greenlandic oral history and how to better understand people, their cultural remains, and their landscape through their own stories. It offers a way to consult Inuit oral history that opens up a perspective on houses and landscapes that may otherwise be invisible to the barren eye. Working with and re-activating Indigenous knowledge of Greenland, the study draws on more than two thousand stories collected between 1735 and 1981, preserved, and later enrolled in an online and searchable database. The author unearths the concepts woven into Greenlandic Inuit's homes, settlements, and landscapes. These re-discovered insights challenge the archaeological interpretation, transcending the tangible to illuminate the unseen. The narratives contribute to safeguarding invaluable Indigenous knowledge and perhaps also to the revival of cultural practices, customs, and traditions. The book demonstrates how oral history is more than merely fantastical 'myths' and 'legends'; it is valuable knowledge for scholars and communities. It will be of particular interest for scholars of Indigenous studies, anthropology, archaeology, and history.

This book explores cross-cultural similarities and differences of human subjectivity and selfhood through the concept of selfscapes.

Utilizing an ethnographic and person-centered approach to the study of human subjectivity, Selfscapes, Selfhoods, and Subjectivities demonstrates that autopoietic processes are informed by the constraints of a social and material ecology acting on a particular person and by how that person is remembering and habitually responding to that history of engagement with the world. While the co-constitution of social and historical circumstance and individual reactivity and memory is universal, the way an autopoietic process unfolds within any given social ecology will vary, sometimes greatly, from person to person.

Drawing on a broad theoretical base, this book is essential reading for anthropologists, psychoanalysts, social psychologists, and anyone seeking to understand the varieties and particularities of human subjectivity and selfhood.

Human Alterity: A Brief History of Anthropological Thought offers an introduction to the history of anthropological thought, encompassing eleven concise chapters that revolve around the concept of human alterity.

Ever since the birth of our species, humans have wanted to understand people other than themselves. But what is an 'alter' human? Alter humans do not exist irrespective of the very concept of alterity that defines them as such. Readers find a history of what has made humanity opaque to itself: a history of the theories about human alterity produced by some humans. Chapters delve into various topics, including the discovery of America and the initial systematic theories regarding human alterity, the influences of rationalism and the Enlightenment, the impact of Romanticism, the trajectory of Social Evolutionism, the realm of Historicism, the tenets of Functionalism, explorations into the Culture and Personality school, examinations of Structuralism, analyses of political ideologies (such as Marxism, feminism, postcolonial studies, and postmodernism), and an exploration of current trends in cross-cultural studies.

Human Alterity: A Brief History of Anthropological Thought will be of value to both new and advanced students of anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, social history, post-colonial studies and to anyone concerned with the belief, fantasy and reality of human diversity.

Designing Questionnaires for Language Studies is a guide to the design and use of questionnaires for empirical linguistic research, particularly in the areas of dialectology, sociolinguistics, and linguistic anthropology. Whether completed via written correspondence or through interviewing, questionnaires play an essential role in linguistic research. Yet, the design of questionnaires is rarely taught formally, leaving researchers to learn effective design in practice. This practical and accessible text offers structured, step-by-step guidance to provide researchers with the skills they need to make the most of questionnaire-based research. It also provides a history of the use of questionnaires in linguistic research and critically examines the assumptions and motivations inherent in their creation and administration, as well as that of the questions that populate them, and discusses how biases can negatively affect the outcome of the research itself. Experience using these tools in the field has led to their refinement over time. Armed with this knowledge, readers can make informed decisions about how to structure their own questionnaires as they embark on linguistic investigations or use it to better understand the results of previous research that has relied on questionnaires for data collection.

World Prehistory and Archaeology explains how the process of archaeological discovery develops our picture of humanity as it emerges from archaeological research, integrating discussion of world prehistory and archaeological methods.

Presenting an up-to-date perspective on what we know about our human prehistory and how we come to know it, this book focuses on archaeology as an active journey of discovery and the ways in which archaeologists gain insight into the human past. Archaeological practice and methods are introduced and also problematized with discussions and examples of how we know the past. This new edition includes recent work on early humans, genetics, social complexity, agriculture, climate change, AI, and more to ensure that the current state of archaeological research is reflected. This vibrant picture of archaeology highlights how archaeologists grasp at the traces of the past but are at the same time deeply embedded in the concerns and structure of current society. To reflect this dynamic, the context of archaeological research and the relevance of archaeology to the challenges we face today are woven through the entire text. The archaeology of the recent past is also foregrounded to engage students with this rapidly developing area with a new chapter in the first section of the volume.

Providing students with the fundamentals of archaeology and engaging them with the work that goes into understanding world prehistory, World Prehistory and Archaeology locates this knowledge in the context of the modern world, recognizing the relevance of archaeology to contemporary issues.

From acclaimed folklorist and historian Adrienne Mayor, an enchanting collection of the ancient myths that emerged out of the wonders-and disasters-of the natural world

Mythopedia is a fun, fact-filled A-Z treasury of myths inspired by natural events. Bringing together fifty legends from antiquity to the present, this delightfully entertaining book takes you around the world to explore sunken kingdoms and lost cities, accursed mountains and treacherous terrains, and lethal lakes and singing sand dunes, explaining the historical background and latest science underlying each tale.

As soon as humans invented language, they told stories to explain mysterious things they observed around them-on land, in the seas, and in the skies. Even though these tales are expressed in poetic or supernatural language, they contain surprisingly accurate insights and even eyewitness descriptions of catastrophic events millennia ago. Drawing on her unique insights as a pioneer in the exciting new field of geomythology, Adrienne Mayor describes how cultural memories of tsunamis, volcanic disasters, and other massive geological events can reach back thousands of years as the stories were preserved, elaborated, told, and retold across generations. She shows how geomythology is expanding our understanding of our planet's history over eons, revealing the human desire to explain nature and weave imaginative stories intertwined with keen observation, rational speculation, and memory.

With captivating drawings by Michele Angel, Mythopedia is a compendium of many marvels, from the Hindu monkey god Hanuman and his army of bridge-building primates to the terrifying sand demon Shensha shen of China, the gnawing glaciers of Austria, and the vengeful fish-headed snake god Nyami Nyami of Africa's Zambezi River.

• Features a cloth cover with an elaborate foil-stamped design

This volume provides a timely analysis of the emerging phenomenon of autonomous technology, a topic of intense contemporary importance given the transformative potential and risks posed by rapidly developing AI systems. It utilizes a unique approach by focusing on the ways that these technologies can be understood via the lens of animism and 'techno-animism,' a term that denotes how society and individual users are attributing life-like properties - agency, intention, and will - to technological systems. The volume further interrogates and critiques the ways that autonomous technologies are often intentionally designed to promote socioemotional connections with users. The volume investigates such technologies through a variety of global settings and interdisciplinary lenses. With contributions from scholars across anthropology, sociology, communication studies, law, and design theory, it offers a range of perspectives on how autonomous technologies are reshaping cultural and social institutions worldwide. Furthermore, this collection addresses the urgent need for concrete research on the readiness of legal and social frameworks to incorporate autonomous technologies. With the imminent widespread integration of autonomous technologies into our everyday lives, the volume provides a critical examination of human-technology interaction and its immediate implications, guiding readers through the intricate web of digital interconnectedness that is on course to define the future of humanity.

A new paradigm that integrates human and nonhuman communication and culture

Are language and culture uniquely human, justifying an exceptionalism that sets people apart from the rest of nature? New discoveries in the biological sciences have challenged this assumption, finding syntax, symbolism and social learning beyond the human, and identifying culture as a second inheritance system across the phyla from whales to insects and plants. Biologists are constrained, however, by the mechanistic ways communication is understood. In Naturekind, Melissa Leach and James Fairhead address this impasse by extending insights from structural linguistics, social semiotics, anthropology and Indigenous theorization into wider life, integrating them with new biological findings to develop a new structural biosemiotics paradigm.

Leach and Fairhead argue that such a paradigm can provide a unified theory of meaning-making across all of nature, or "naturekind," allowing new theorisation about human and nonhuman communication and culture. They examine people's communicative encounters with chickens, horses, bees, bats and plants, and with assemblages of living and nonliving entities-forests, seas, soils and cities. Marrying the new biology with the structural social sciences, they contend, provides powerful insights for living well with wider life on a shared planet and transforming political relations.

The volume examines the question of which specifically educational techniques are required in view of the increasing establishment and professionalization of pedagogical fields of work. In this context, an attempt is made to clarify what pedagogical and didactic preparation must take place for an increasingly technically oriented world. In addition, the everyday techniques of self-care are analyzed. And finally, pedagogical anthropology is also concerned with the question of who is the subject and object of technology.

Entries examine classic and modern perspectives in philosophical anthropology, and analyse themes such as the human capacity for meaning-making and how it is impacted by modernity, the dynamics of socio-political transformations and how varying perceptions of human nature have shaped political theory and practice. The Encyclopedia provides thought-provoking insight into the anthropological foundations of contemporary political and cultural phenomena, drawing from work in a wide range of connected fields including comparative historical sociology, classical philosophical anthropology, mythology, art history and beyond.

Students and academics in political science and public policy, sociology, anthropology, philosophy and historiography will greatly benefit from this Encyclopedia's comprehensive overview of political anthropology. It is also a valuable reference tool for political practitioners.

Key Features:

• Over 130 entries written by leading international scholars
• Demonstrates how hyper-modern society systematically disconnects humanity from many aspects of reality
• Considers anthropology in a broad, multidisciplinary sense, tracing the meaning back to the Enlightenment and classical times
• Incorporates relevant perspectives from classical philosophical anthropology, archaeology, comparative historical sociology, mythology, and civilisational analysis

Provides an encompassing overview of migration routes and dispersal of human populations around the world

World on the Move brings together the current state of knowledge about migration and displacement in a single, easily accessible volume. Written as a companion to "World on the Move: 250,000 Years of Human Migration," a traveling exhibition developed by the American Anthropological Association and the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, this thought-provoking book helps us reframe the ways we think and talk about migration.

World on the Move opens by describing the basic patterns and processes of migration and discussing the evidence used to measure migration, displacement, and their impacts. Subsequent chapters trace major population movements through human history, review the different reasons that propel the movement of human populations, and illustrate the many ways that migration affects us all. The final section focuses on international and national policies on immigration and displacement, including perspectives on birthright citizenship, migrant mothers and their children, and migration driven by climate change.

Drawing on a wealth of case studies of diverse cultures from across human history, World on the Move:

• Employs the "Crossroads" concept, an innovative narrative device that reveals connections between peoples, cultures, and moments when crucial decisions are made
• Discusses ways research on migration and displacement have been used to support public policy
• Highlights the roles of ever-evolving genetic, archaeological, and linguistic evidence in reshaping understanding of human population movements
• Explains basic terms, patterns, and processes of migration and displacement, as well as various evaluation and interpretation methods
• Addresses timely and complex issues such as enslavement and trafficking, border walls, immigration policy, and climate change

Presenting the latest scholarship on the peopling of the continents, World on the Move: 250,000 Years of Human Migration is an excellent textbook for undergraduate courses in anthropology, sociology, political science, cultural geography, and immigration studies, particularly those exploring migration, displacement, diaspora, and immigration policy.