文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Medical research is a global endeavor; a complex network of international drugs trials and data collection in the pursuit of novel treatments. And the Asia-Pacific region is considered an ideal "market" for such trials, with large populations and good hospitals. However, to become hosts to global trials, and to export valid trial data, researchers are required to engage local research ethics committees. Supported through grants from the World Health Organization, the Forum of Ethics Review Committees of Asia and the Pacific (FERCAP) was established in 2000, and has spent the last twenty years building capacity for ethics assessment in hospitals and universities across the region. They are the translators of global ethics standards and principles for regional audiences.

Through a decade of ethnographic engagement with FERCAP, following members from their base in Thailand to workshops across Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Taiwan, and mainland China, Rachel Douglas-Jones demonstrates that research ethics committees, their material and social form, are spaces of contestation where the futures of global medical research are decided. With this book, Douglas-Jones contributes a key reference for studies of "the committee" upon which future work in the anthropology of policy can build. Understanding how ethics review committees do their work allows anthropologists of policy, global health, and bureaucracy to consider the values embedded in ethics as a bureaucratic practice.

Through a presentation of the oldest rock art dated in the Americas, located in Monte Alegre, Brazil, this book analyzes an ancient ecological-astronomy strategy that theoretically made the rapid human migration in the Americas successful. It helps answer two vital questions long held by scholars and the general public alike: How did humans survive the rapid and massive climate changes at the end of the ice age? And how did founding populations (especially in the Americas) manage successful settlement, relatively rapidly, in ecosystems entirely foreign to them? It further initiates questions about the universal role that astronomy (and even astrology) might have played in cognitive human evolution and the success of burgeoning sedentism and eventual "civilization" throughout the world. The book makes a substantial contribution because of the wealth of cultural information it provides from Monte Alegre. It explains the author's analysis of pictographs, lithics, and landscape modifications that were excavated there and provides novel findings on the chronology and archaeoastronomy of the art.

This book is indispensable for courses about Paleoindians, peopling of the Americas, environmental anthropology, cosmology, rock art studies, archeoastronomy, paleoecology, paleoethnobotany, and Amazonia. The pan-American indications of this work will appeal to archaeologists, historians, art historians, folklorists, Native American and Indigenous scholars, evolutionists, cognitive scientists, geographers, and the general public.

A first-of-its-kind collection to transform our understanding of digital media from Indigenous women creators

Indigenous women form a vital force in digital media production now and have over the past several decades-in fact, nearly three quarters of the projects at the 2017 imagineNATIVE Film and Media Arts Festival were created by women. By Their Work highlights the prismatic nature of Indigenous women's digital media, connecting the digital arts with their creative labor and adaptive activism.

Joanna Hearne and Karrmen Crey bring together a collection of essays and interviews to highlight the voices of powerful and important media makers, from Indigenous video game creators to animators to social media influencers and from theorists of early Indigenous digital media to current practitioners, including trans and nonbinary creators often left out of public narratives about the digital. Creating a space to hear critical voices on Indigenous media history, theory, and production, the contributors share stories, genealogies, and practices behind Indigenous women's power and presence in the digital world.

Focusing on the history of digital media as a whole, this collection presents a compelling case for Indigenous women's crucial roles across the history of digital forms and platforms. In doing so, By Their Work transforms digital Indigenous studies in the twenty-first century.

Contributors: Nanobah Becker; Reilley Bishop-Stall, McGill U; Meagan Byrne; Tawny Trottier Cale; Dana Claxton; Crystal Harrison Collin; Elizabeth Day; Kristin L. Dowell, Florida State U; Miranda Due; Heid E. Erdrich; Marcella Ernest, U of New Mexico; Marisa Erven; David Gaertner, U of British Columbia; Carol Geddes; Faye Ginsburg, New York U; Patuk N. Glenn; Lisa Jackson; Jacqueline Land, William Jewell College; Jason Edward Lewis, Concordia University, Montreal; Joshua D. Miner, U of Kansas; Salma Monani, Gettysburg College; Jas M. Morgan, Simon Fraser U; Archer Pechawis, York U; Mikhel Proulx, Queen's U Canada; Ryan Rice; Jolene Rickard, Cornell U; Channette Romero, U of Georgia; Wendi Sierra, Texas Christian U; Skawennati.

Reclaiming power and prophecy through California Indian intellectual resurgence and anticolonial resistance

Mark Minch-de Leon explores the anticolonial dimensions of California Indian intellectual and cultural resurgence in the aftermath of apocalypse in this compelling reexamination of Indigenous art, literature, and theory. Centering on a reinterpretation of the Ghost Dance, a ceremony first practiced in the nineteenth century, as a collective demonstration of prophecy and resilience, Indigenous Inhumanities envisions an expanded poetics of resistance through a reconfigured relationship to death and the dead. By dismantling the colonial frameworks of inclusion, recognition, and representation that reinforce settler-state power, Minch-de Leon shows how storytelling can be reclaimed as both research and as a tool for decolonization.

Taking up critical issues that the state has used to discipline California Indian relations to ancestors, such as the politics of human remains repatriation and the discourse around California Indian genocide, Minch-de Leon centers Indigenous knowledge and social systems while challenging legal and political definitions of violence, power, and the human. Rich case studies showcase the evocative art of Frank Day, the poetry of Tommy Pico, and the writings of Deborah Miranda, highlighting how these creators advance Indigenous theory and disrupt settler categories.

By refusing reconciliation and embracing Indigenous frameworks of radical relationality and the "inhuman" (what lies outside of human control), Minch-de Leon presents a bold vision of Indigenous antihumanist survival and resurgence. Indigenous Inhumanities illuminates the path toward decolonial futures by following the radical turn the ancestors made toward the powers of the dead to bring an end to the colonial world.

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Understanding the Hawai'i Island summit of Mauna a Wakea as a place of ancestral connection, cultural resurgence, and political resistance for Native Hawaiians?

First Light is a site-specific study of Native Hawaiian resistance to the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) on the summit of Mauna a Wakea, the sacred mountain on the island of Hawai'i. Drawing on personal interviews, oral histories, archival research, participant observation, and popular, legal, scientific, and Indigenous discourses, Iokepa Casumbal-Salazar explores both the campaign to build the observatory and the movement against it. He asks how astronomers have become stewards of Mauna a Wakea while Kanaka 'Oiwi (Aboriginal Hawaiians), in protest, are recast as obstructing progress and clinging to ancient superstitions.

Contextualizing contemporary resistance to telescope expansion within the past 132 years of struggle against U.S. empire in Hawai'i, Casumbal-Salazar argues the Kanaka-led efforts to protect their ancestral lands did not begin with the TMT and only become legible when understood in the broader history of resistance to U.S. settler hegemony as told through the voices and actions of kia?i ?aina (land defenders). First Light explores how settler science, capital, and law have been mobilized in ways that rationalize industrial development projects like the TMT and promote a vision of "coexistence" that enables the dehumanization of Kanaka 'Oiwi and their alienation from ?aina.

Challenging the assumptions and aggressions of neoliberal environmental policy, settler multiculturalism, and U.S. military occupation, First Light reinforces calls for a moratorium on new telescope development and a literacy in Kanaka 'Oiwi movements for life, land, and ea (independence, sovereignty).

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An Introduction to Peruvian Archaeology: The Excavated Past offers an accessible and up-to-date guide to Peru's rich archaeological heritage.

Through a broad vision of archaeology as a discipline and historical reality, Henry Tantalean offers a fascinating immersion into the past of Peru. This book is structured in three parts: an introduction to the key concepts of global and local archaeology, a brief history of Peruvian archaeology, and a tour of the societies of ancient Peru, from the first settlers to the fall of the Inca Empire. Furthermore, the author highlights the role of archaeology in daily life, education, and popular culture.

This book is an invaluable resource not only for students and professionals of Peruvian archaeology but also for anyone interested in understanding the cultural legacy that these findings contribute to our understanding of human history.

Wildlife conservation in Tanzania is fraught with conflicts between the state, international organizations, private investors, and local communities over the rights to rangeland resources and the benefit streams associated with safari tourism. This book takes up the question of how a Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Tanzania's Tarangire ecosystem is viewed from the bottom up, by the people who are directly affected by its implementation. Based on historically grounded ethnographic research, Justin Raycraft documents a shift in local attitudes toward Randilen WMA-from fear and protest to widespread support. He analyzes this process of transformation in the context of empathetic management practices that have fostered feelings of trust and uncovered common ground between conservation stakeholders. Raycraft shows that although WMAs are not fully devolved to the local level, pastoral communities can use them to defend the things they value most: their land and livelihoods. Conservation in Common makes a much-needed intervention in critical political ecology literature by providing the first account of a conservation area in Tanzania that serves the interests of its local community, thereby making the case that protecting wildlife habitat and safeguarding human well-being are not mutually exclusive activities.

This groundbreaking book offers a unique collection of Indigenous and non-Indigenous approaches to decolonizing international development.

The world is facing enormous challenges, from ever-growing global inequality to climate change to the continuing fallout from the Covid pandemic. It is becoming increasingly clear that the origin of these challenges lies in the economic models and imperial lifestyles perpetuated by the Global North. In order to find new answers to the world's biggest challenges, then, it is necessary for the Global North to acknowledge Indigenous knowledge systems as unique and legitimate epistemologies and to engage in dialogues with them.

This collection brings together contributions from Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors to promote that dialogue. It provides a unique, rare forum for discourse between the expressive potentials of differing world views, and ultimately, for developing cooperation in the terms of Eisenstein's notion of interbeing, which counteracts the "History of Separation" between nature and culture and between Global South and Global North. What emerges is a path forward towards a new, interwoven modernity characterized by an embrace of separate, but mutually constitutive, ways of knowing.

For its wide topical and geographic breadth, and for its bringing together of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars around the world, this book is a must-read for researchers and students interested in indigenous studies and decolonial approaches to international development.

A comprehensive analysis of eighty-eight archaeological sites in and around the City of Kingston, New York.

The Archaeology of Kingston, New York covers Kingston (and New York State and the Hudson Valley to a lesser extent) from Paleo-Indian times circa twelve thousand years ago through twelve thousand years of Native American occupations. The book covers the archaeology of the Dutch colonial period and the British colonial period, as well as a number of sites around the city from the nineteenth century. The book brings together new information on eighty-two archaeological sites and six related sites that are slightly outside of the corporate boundary of the city of Kingston. These include precontact and Native American sites, such as Sailor's Cove and Cantine's Island; the founding of Wiltwyck in the early colonial period; key sites in the Stockade District; the Matthew Persen House; maritime archaeological sites; key cemeteries; and noteworthy sites related to African Americans in the region. Along with the archaeological discussion, the book includes information about local lithic geology, glacial geology, and flora and fauna that were important dietary components of precontact Native Americans. The Archaeology of Kingston, New York offers a complete introduction to the region for anyone interested in New York history and its study and recovery.

Thinking Through Archaeological Complexity explores how archaeologists can engage with complex adaptive systems, examining dynamic interactions between humans and environments across space and through time. It offers a roadmap for integrating theory, method, and data through a complexity science lens.

This volume bridges archaeology and complexity science, offering a transdisciplinary framework for understanding long-term socio-ecological dynamics. It provides a substantive overview of how complex adaptive systems science is used in archaeology. Drawing from case studies in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest, it demonstrates how tools like agent-based modeling, ecological and social network analysis, and settlement scaling reveal emergent patterns in the archaeological record. The book critically examines concepts such as resilience, adaptation, innovation, and transformation, offering alternatives to overly linear narratives. Emphasizing methodological transparency, it provides practical guidance for scholars interested in modeling, data integration, and working across disciplinary boundaries while grounding in theoretical pluralism. By situating archaeological knowledge within broader scientific conversations, the book encourages readers to reimagine the past not as static or collapsed, but as complex, entangled, and instructive for contemporary challenges.

This book is essential reading for students, researchers, and practitioners in archaeology as well as complexity science. It will also appeal to scholars in anthropology, environmental studies, geography, and network science interested in long-term human-environmental dynamics and the application of complex systems approaches in historical contexts.

This book offers innovative insights from across disciplines to explore the soulful survival of migrants, refugees, and displaced individuals and communities amidst stalemates, crises and compromises in human rights. Dwelling on ethnographic case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America, the United States, and Europe, the volume illuminates the experiences of vulnerable communities, showcasing their solidarities, networks, and supportive dynamics that emerge from the harsh realities of social life. Analysing the world from the lens of fraternal relations and spaces that arise and abound in the lifeworld of the marginalised and vulnerable communities, this edited volume illustrates how without these burgeoning solidarities, migrants and other at-risk populations may have a harder struggle to navigate the socio-economic and political challenges they face. Furthermore, the book emphasises that nation-states would encounter even more profound and complex difficulties without such intricate coping mechanisms. The chapters within the volume demonstrate that these mechanisms are vital to addressing dilemmas, stalemates, and the stakeholder politics surrounding people living in precarious, hidden and dark contexts. The case studies which enrich theoretical debates also indicate how these dark contexts would be significantly more difficult to traverse without the robust and nuanced messages coded in actor solidarities and resilience.

The volume is poised to attract significant attention from scholars and researchers committed to anthropology, ethnography, history, migration, international politics and refugee studies.

About 90 percent of archaeological activity in North America is driven by private-sector development. In the process, archaeology is often used to undermine the interests of those whose material culture it allegedly seeks to preserve and interpret. Unearthing Forgotten Values explores the often disrespectful and ultimately unethical nature of commercial archaeology - or cultural resource management - and proposes a praxis that puts Indigenous communities and their heritage first.

Based on lengthy experience working with and within Indigenous communities in British Columbia and around the world, Sean P. Connaughton discusses such thorny issues as the meaning of decolonization, Indigenous land rights and sovereignty, the commodification of heritage, and state support for projects that will exacerbate climate change. Weaving together real-life stories, fieldwork, scholarship, data, introspection, and Indigenous values, Unearthing Forgotten Values charts a practical course for change. Professional archaeology will be the better for it.

This book elucidates findings from an anthropological study that analyzes the patterns of Taiwan's Atayal tribe's fabric in their ethnic dress codes. By analyzing the changes and development of the patterns over time, the authors draw fascinating conclusions regarding the geographical migration and intermarriage practices between indigenous minority groups in Taiwan's history. The book brings new insights within East Asian linguistic anthropology in theorizing about the origins of legends and broader patterns of ethnic migration, integrating the characteristics and relationships among Atayal fabrics, and interpreting these relationships in connection with the flow of sub-ethnic groups. In doing so, the book provides rich empirical evidence for anthropologists and migration scholars to better understand the movement of ethnic groups in Taiwan, while also establishing a model for how studying textile design can be employed to establish such linkages. The book shows that the composition and changes of ethnic minority patterns have their own internal logic and causes. By studying this, the authors demonstrate how such work might translate intangible and tangible culture into explicit and shareable knowledge and provide a compass for other anthropologists and researchers in the fields of visual and linguistic anthropology, migration studies, and ethnic and indigenous cultures, in Asia and beyond.

This book looks at the way the 2020 Second Nagorno Karabakh War allowed urban spectacular transformation in war actors' attitudes towards space and transnationalism. It concentrates on some specific events, including pre- and wartime life in the Nagorno Karabakh political capital Stepanakert and compelling historical and cultural heritage issues in the cultural capital Shushi and its meaning for the Armenian population worldwide. Attention is placed both on wartime social and urban changes and to the destruction, or attempted destruction, of Armenians cultural heritage during the conflict and in post-war Azerbaijani occupation. The first part of the book reconstructs the historic and religious context of Nagorno Karabakh, linking it with the regional geo-political dimension; meanwhile, the case studies analysed in the second part of the book will help understand spatial meanings (e.g., towns, cultural centres, monasteries) and the symbolic value of urban heritage while also discussing some conflict markers in the context of theories of transnationalism and diaspora studies.

This book presents new research into social networks and the various networking modes that formed during the history of archaeology in distinct geographical settings in Europe, North America, and South Asia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The diverse range of international experts in this edited collection demonstrate that networks can be found everywhere in archaeology, making it a highly interconnected research field.

Using a wide array of examples from diverse geopolitical, cultural, and social contexts, the volume reveals how essential social networks and networking have been to the development of archaeology; to the production, transfer, exchange, and dissemination of archaeological and cross-disciplinary knowledge; and to the formation, upward mobility, barrier transcendence, research, and association of archaeological practitioners. The book is of interest to students and scholars of history of archaeology, history of science, museum studies and interdisciplinary studies.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

This book presents a comprehensive methodology, integrating analysis, digitization, and the preservation of cultural heritage. It investigates three potential UNESCO World Heritage Sites, in Italy, Germany and South Africa, and employs a blend of documentary research and advanced digital surveying and data processing techniques.

The volume shows how these efforts yielded actionable strategies to meet society's evolving demands for surveying, recovery, and conservation. The book documents the work behind the overarching objective which was to digitize, analyze, categorize, and store all collected data within a BIM framework, with the aim of streamlining collaboration, enhancing management efficiency, and optimizing processes. It demonstrates the utilization of digital tools in not only amplifying traditional scientific-technological approaches to heritage protection, but also its role in reshaping the perception, comprehension, and communication of heritage. This fosters the development of more sustainable conservation strategies.

This provocative book challenges frequently voiced assertions regarding museums as necessary and valued modern institutions. It raises fundamental, existential questions about contemporary museums as products of the modern colonial world order.

Drawing on practical examples of collecting and exhibiting, theoretical research, and critique from diverse countries across the globe, including Chile, India, Korea, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Palestine, Portugal, Sri Lanka and the United States, this book moves beyond the conventional Eurocentric museological framework. This book synthesizes contemporary critiques of museums, while arguing that societies need the sociocultural examinations that museums are capable of facilitating and that radical transformations of "the museum" are fraught with difficulty, but also possible and necessary. Ultimately, Coffee argues that museums can only be future orientated if they are transformed into agents of social justice and inclusion, divestors of illicit collections, and proponents of a liberatory ethic, opposing neo-colonialism in all of its forms. During that transformative process, as this book demonstrates, museum practice and museum theory must also be transformed.

The End of the Museum: Culture, Colonialism, and Liberation will appeal to students, researchers, and practitioners interested in a critical examination of museum work and theory.

This book offers an autoethnographic exploration of the interplay of art, memory, and resilience in Eastern Europe, weaving together the personal and collective histories of Belarusians - those who survived two World Wars and their contemporaries, who are now looking for a way out of a political crisis in the region.

Set against the history of Belarus, it recounts the story of the author's greatgrandfather Amyalyan, a Belarusian peasant executed by the Nazis after saving a Jewish man during World War II, along with reflections on artists like Chaim Soutine and Marc Chagall, whose journeys reflect the region's cultural endurance. Combining autoethnography and art history, this book presents art as a medium of empathy, challenging readers to engage with paintings emotionally rather than through a purely analytical lens. Each chapter functions as both a historical reflection and an invitation to see art as a means of reclaiming personal narratives, making historical traumas accessible and relatable. Themes of compassion, forgiveness, and the humanizing power of art emerge as essential elements, guiding readers through the complex intersections of personal and collective memory.

This book is a valuable addition for researchers and students interested in ethnography and autoethnography, Eastern European studies, art history, cultural studies, and memory studies.

This updated second edition of Using Anthropology in the World: A Guide to Becoming an Anthropologist Practitioner is a comprehensive introduction to non-academic anthropological practice.

The demand for anthropologist practitioners is strong and growing every day; practice is, in many ways, the leading edge of anthropology today and one of the most exciting aspects of the discipline. How can anthropology students prepare themselves to become practitioners? Specifically designed to help students, including those in more traditional training programs, prepare for a career in putting anthropology to work in the world, this revised edition contains updates on a number of topics, including AI, and contains expanded sections on career preparation and job hunting.

This book will help both undergraduate and graduate anthropology students prepare themselves for careers outside the university and to use their anthropological skills and abilities in the government, private, and non-profit sectors.