文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Joss Hands connects the historic understanding of the brain with the history and politics and the democracy to address the current concerns about social media, democratic collapse and technological control.
The Public Brain explores the way in which politics and the public sphere are understood in different societies and eras are explored in light of the dominant understanding of the brain in each era, in particular the use of the brain's capacities and character, to justify the dominant political ideology of the time. Moving from the birth of democracy through to the age of reason and revolution and on to the current social media era of 'nudge' politics and new forms of political extremism - the book traces the triangulation of brain, public and media. This includes and exploration of the role of social media platforms and their contribution to confusion and obfuscation in the current era. It proposes different formulations of the public brain over those eras to conclude by advocating for a democratic public brain.
The book explores what has been largely overlooked in this field, unpicks this history in order to offer valuable insights into the debates over the contemporary condition across a range of issues such as neoliberalism, self-help and wellbeing as forms of ideology and control, the shift to extremist proto-fascist politics and of post-truth. The book unpacks arguments about affect and cognitive overload to make a positive case for the continuing power of reason and its emancipatory potential. In that way the book provides a valuable insight into how we have come to view the brain as we have, how that view is often misused, and offers suggestions of ways to marshal an enriched democratic concept of the public brain for positive social change.

The second edition of Being Indigenous presents perspectives from 24 Indigenous scholars who share their knowledge on the interconnected fabric of activism, culture, language, and identity that defines Indigenous existence in the twenty-first century.

The book explores personal narratives, cultural traditions, and resistance strategies of Indigenous peoples from 11 countries. This expanded edition features significant updates including a new introduction, restructured organization prioritizing traditional cultural knowledge, and five entirely new chapters on power dynamics, pedagogical approaches, climate change impacts on Indigenous foodways, gender perspectives, and collaborative research methodologies in the Amazon.

Being Indigenous is essential reading for students and researchers in Indigenous studies, anthropology, sociology, linguistics, and cultural studies seeking authentic perspectives on sovereignty, identity, and cultural resilience from those who have lived these experiences.

This work highlights local narratives that sustain traditions amidst historical silences, connecting cultural values to heritage tourism and Indigenous stewardship.

The Cultural Heritage Resilience of the Great Dismal Swamp explores the cultural resilience of the Great Dismal Swamp, emphasizing narratives of local residents that sustain traditions amid historical silences. It connects cultural values, heritage tourism, and the legacy of freedom while advocating for landscape stewardship rooted in Indigenous practices. The book highlights how marginalized communities create empowering knowledge spaces to honor their heritage despite lacking external resources. The Great Dismal Swamp Region reflects rich historical and cultural heritage, with settlements like Mattoanoak, Bowers Hill, and Skeetertown, which have maintained ancestral lifeways. Despite historical silences about marginalized groups, community members create resilient cultural narratives that emphasize their connections to land and tradition, beckoning a return to their roots.

The Routledge Handbook of Heritage Ethics offers a comprehensive and rigorous analysis of the concepts, challenges and dilemmas that characterise and shape contemporary heritage ethics in theory and practice. The essays within this volume examine how ethical approaches to heritage have evolved and explore the ethical issues that have arisen from these changing contexts. Including 34 original, detailed, and impassioned contributions from across five continents, this book affords equal focus to theoretical perspectives and practice, drawing out the importance of ethics through diverse case studies on topics as varied as built heritage, colonialism, material culture, the environment, traditions and lived experience. Throughout this volume, chapters highlight the need for all practitioners and researchers to adopt an ethical approach, alongside the need to understand what this entails and how best to deliver it. Following a foundational introduction that contextualises ethics within broader cultural changes, and a first section outlining key theoretical frameworks, chapters are divided into four thematic sections on difficult heritage, digital heritage, heritage interactions and heritage management and policy.

Together, these chapters comprise an important, timely and wide-ranging volume that provides a fresh analysis of the key concepts that shape and inform heritage ethics. It will engage those whose work and interests intersect with the broad gamut of cultural heritage-whether physical or digital, focused on artefacts or communities, the iconic or the everyday, in the field, museums or historic sites, from the remote past or the contemporary world. This Handbook will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners from across a broad range of disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, geography, heritage studies, history and philosophy.

What if the root of our ecological crises lies not in what we are doing, but in how we understand ourselves-and our freedom? Can we ever be truly free if others remain oppressed? What is the cost of a freedom built on the exploitation of land, people, and resources? How can we break free from the pressure to constantly do and know, and instead find space for reflection and meaningful change?
Drawing on Indigenous storytelling and the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt, this book invites us to confront these questions. It critiques the fragmented ways of thinking that limit our understanding, blind us to deeper truths, and restrict our capacity to act.

The rationale of this book is to provide carefully selected images from Google Earth, to discuss what they show, and to provide references to the heritage sites portrayed so that readers can go deeper if they wish. Taking examples from all over the world, this book aims to demonstrate their value for understanding heritage landscapes and for appreciating their aesthetics. It is organised around different types of landscape and the processes that created them, rather than regionally or on the basis of age. It includes a large number of archaeological sites that have been designated as UNESC0 World Heritage Sites. Google Earth has proved to be important for demonstrating some of the threats that major sites have been exposed to, including during recent wars in the Middle East. The landscapes discussed are those of Water Management, Agricultural Management, War, Burial, Mines, Quarries and Salterns, Cities and Settlements, Tells, Theatres, Amphitheatres, and Hippodromes, Churches, Temples, Pagodas, and Mosques, and Geoglyphs.

This book provides a synthesis of Late Neolithic / Early Chalcolithic imagery from South-Central Anatolia, encompassing both Central Anatolia and the Lake District. It explores the nature of transformations and continuities in imagery during the period between 6500-5500 BC. The author examines three main categories of artifacts - pottery, figurines and stamp seals - to trace the presence and transformation of particular images in time.

The Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuek (7100- 5950 BC) in Central Anatolia is renowned for its elaborate art found inside the houses. A wide variety of anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric motifs and themes were reproduced on wall paintings, reliefs and mobile objects. The author addresses the question of what happened with the repertoire of motifs in the upper levels of Catalhoeyuek and after its abandonment, and what circumstances might have been related to this transformation. To reassess the imagery, data was collected from Late Neolithic levels at Catalhoeyuek investigated by the Polish team since 2001, as well as from four intensively excavated sites from the Lakes region: Hacilar, Kurucay, Hoeyuecek and Bademagaci. The author applies the semiotic perspective of American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce, which they argue is a useful framework for discussing the imagery and its transformation over time. The analytical model used is the so-called replication, which allows grasping the diachronic changes. It has never been applied to studies on Neolithic / Chalcolithic imagery.

This book focuses on the submerged Pre-Pottery Neolithic C settlement of Atlit-Yam (dated to the end of the tenth millennium to end of the ninth millennium BP). Located off the Carmel coast of Israel, it is the earliest and best preserved of 23 submerged prehistoric in situ sites known off the Israeli Mediterranean Sea coast. The site is a unique underwater archaeological locality due to the extensive investigations that have been undertaken and which have exposed a large area comprising a range of architectural features, as well as the broad spectrum, richness and excellent preservation of the finds. The site offers insights into the processes of settlement inundation, which is relevant to sea-level rise nowadays, as well as the circumstances of survival and discovery of submerged sites worldwide.

The chapters in this volume, the first of two, presents aspects of the Atlit-Yam site, including the site's archaeological and physical setting and aspects its material culture (architecture, burials, groundstone and lithic artefacts). These data sets are used to reconstruct aspects of the technology and lifestyle of the community that inhabited it and highlights similarities to contemporaneous sites in the hinterland. The second volume, will deal with the economy, diet and health status of the inhabitants, the site's chronology, and reconstructed paleoenvironment including the geological and geomorphological setting of the site assessed in relation to sea-level rise.

This book fills gaps in our knowledge of the coastal Neolithic of the Southern Levant, by providing an in-depth review of the archaeological remains discovered at this unique, submerged site.

This edited collection is an essential resource for understanding contemporary Indigenous-settler relations across three major settler colonial contexts, bringing together First Nations and settler scholars, practitioners, artists and community organisations from Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and the USA. The book provides students and researchers with critical frameworks for analysing how colonial power relations shape contemporary injustices while exploring Indigenous-led pathways toward transformation.

Organised into three sections - Words of the Land, Unmaking Extraction, and Restoring Country, Restoring Justice - the collection demonstrates how relationships between people, place, and the more-than-human world are articulated through Indigenous water governance, cultural restoration projects, decolonial museum practices, traditional ecological knowledge, and community-controlled care systems. Chapters engage theoretical rigor with practical case studies, offering concrete examples of how Indigenous knowledge systems provide solutions to environmental and social challenges.

Featuring majority Indigenous authorship and innovative cross-cultural collaborations, this collection models meaningful scholarly engagement while centring Indigenous perspectives. Essential for scholarships in Indigenous studies, environmental justice, colonialism, and social justice, this volume contains critical insights in envisioning more just futures grounded in relationality and care.

This book explores activities in the global landscape of second-hand cultures and economies of reuse, repair, sharing and care. Individual chapters provide ethnographic studies of how ordinary people live, revive, create, and refine practices of reuse, repair, sharing and care as they seek to prolong the lifespan of goods, contribute to planetary health, make a living, and create communities. The authors introduce practices like children's clothes swapping, repair of appliances, or reuse of domestic fabrics, and analyze how people exchange and share goods (farmers' market), buy used items in different venues, reuse or recycle materials (tires), repair items for resale (TVs), or avoid purchasing new goods (free stores). The volume examines activities in different settings across North America, the Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and Asia, and analyzes specific economic, gendered, social and cultural contexts, material conditions, and motivations. The authors theorize global second-hand circuits and economies and the potential of ordinary people and small projects in the making of a more sustainable and equitable world. This book will be of interest to readers in environmental anthropology or sociology, environmental studies, sustainability studies, consumer studies, and material and popular culture studies.

This book presents primarily firsthand information from some mysterious and unpublished archaeological sites excavated in the Swat Valley in the 1980s. In addition, new studies of Hindu and Buddhist sculptures, rock art, and ancient routes leading to and through Gandhara, as well as the analyses of epigraphic and numismatic evidence presented here, argue for a reconsideration of the established political, cultural, and religious history of Gandhara. The book also focuses on previously unknown discoveries, reviews selected research works, and critically reexamines some older finds by situating and studying them in their respective archaeological and landscape contexts. The inclusion of archaeological data and their study in a broader geographical and cultural context is also the objective of this book. Furthermore, it studies the reasons for the mixing of cultures and the processes of compromise, particularly between Gandhara, Central Asia and China.

This is the first book to address theory and practice in Applied Bioarchaeology-a term used to describe bioarchaeological research which addresses matters of relevance today, and which actively engages people in the research process in ways that are respectful and relevant to the studied population, their communities, and their descendants. This book provides examples of best practice; identifies challenges and opportunities for developing the field of Applied Bioarchaeology; and illustrates the role of bioarchaeology in effecting change through advocacy and activism.

The book is divided into four parts. The first part, 'Using Past Experience to Inform Modern Behaviour and Health', demonstrates how bioarchaeology has the potential to contribute towards better appreciation of the diverse factors that influence behaviour and health, and how this information can shape, inform, and empower future decision-making, from individuals to wider health policies. The second part, 'Developing Community-Led Research', focuses on developing active community engagement in bioarchaeological research, with chapters arguing for community-led research designed to empower a wide range of peoples that have been marginalized (or even ignored) in traditional archaeological practice. The third part, 'Bioarchaeology and the Arts', illustrates how Applied Bioarchaeology is enhanced by cross-disciplinary teamwork, and how the arts can be used to create safe spaces to explore difficult issues, to aid us in critically reflecting on our practices, to interrogate gaps in knowledge, and to develop new ideas and ways of thinking, learning, and creating knowledge. The final part, 'A Way Forward', is a personal reflection written by Lorna Tilley, which argues the case for developing the field of Applied Bioarchaeology and suggests some possible approaches for achieving this goal.

This book examines questions surrounding body adornments and its link to identity in archaeology, looking at theoretical and interpretive frameworks that are relevant to the study of different categories of personal ornaments. Identity is a crucial topic in archaeology where its concept is investigated through the study of many categories of material culture. As self-representation, identity constitutes a choice through which an individual or a group want to be seen by others. The volume covers a wide geographical and chronological frame from the Upper Paleolithic era to Medieval times, examining North, Central, and Southern Europe as well as regions in Southwest Asia and North Africa.

This book is based on a session organised at the European Archaeological Association (EAA) in 2023, with a commonality, namely, body adornments. Participants explored the ways in which possessing, wearing and/or trading personal ornaments was a means through which individual and social identity could be expressed in antiquity. This volume is of relevance to archaeological researchers, practitioners, and students.

Sea Cucumber Stories explores multispecies entanglements and ocean worldings, from a sea cucumber perspective. Drawing on environmental, multispecies and ocean anthropology, it enlists the sea cucumber to tell stories of how and why the ocean and its creatures matter to life on our blue planet. The chapters draw on multisited, multimodal and multisensory fieldwork in Tanzania, where the sea cucumber is undergoing interesting transformations, from an ocean creature created by God to a commodity in the global seafood market, farmed for export to China. While breaking new ground in multispecies anthropology, this creative book builds on the author's earlier work in digital and literary anthropology. Sea cucumber stories are told from an imaginary as well as a scholarly perspective. The sea cucumber is treated as a fellow creature to draw attention to the wonders of multispecies undersea worlds and the troubles of human exploitation of what is perceived as a marine resource.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Dogs and Their Humans in Pacific Island Interspecies Cultures explores diverse canine-human relationships in ancient and contemporary Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, and Australia. Anthropologically combining ethnographic, archaeological, biological, and linguistic evidence, the chapters demonstrate that from Hawaiian backyards to the Australian outback, both dogs and humans act differently depending on the cultural conditions connecting them in their multispecies communities.

This book rewards readers with a profound understanding of the intricate and dynamic relationships between dogs and humans, highlighting the significant impact these interspecies interactions have on shaping cultural and ecological landscapes that affect empathy, customs, genes, and ecosystems.

After the fall of the Marcos regime in 1986, the Philippines became the first country in Asia to codify Indigenous rights. This hard-fought reform aimed to protect the ancestral lands of the archipelago's remaining Indigenous communities. Since then, these communities have become increasingly embroiled in resource politics and many have found that claiming their rights does as much to facilitate their dispossession as it does to prevent it. In A Forest of Dreams, Noah Theriault examines the entanglement of capitalism, conservation, and indigeneity in southern Palawan, a place widely coveted as the Philippines's "last frontier." Drawing on a decade of research, Theriault reveals how bureaucrats, investors, and conservationists impose their own designs on Indigenous rights as they vie for land, labor, and legitimacy. But he also asks how those designs collide with the dreams-both figurative and literal-of Indigenous persons themselves. What results is a story of unexpected agency and contingency, in which humans, wildlife, and powerful forest beings complicate prevailing theories of social and environmental change.

A Forest of Dreams traces how Palawan families understand and influence the powerful forces that have enclosed them within an ancestral domain, a protected landscape, and an expanding plantation zone. Each chapter opens with a memorable historical or ethnographic episode: Magellan's fateful battle with Lapu-Lapu; the primitivist visions of Charles Lindbergh; a screeching civet and truckloads of tree-planting college students; oneiric owl sorcery; and a bitter dispute over almaciga resin. Informed by Palawan analyses of their own history, Theriault argues that efforts to "save the last frontier" have reinforced, rather than disrupted, long-term processes of colonization and capitalist expansion. Yet, he also shows how studies of the environment, development, and human rights in Southeast Asia can better account for the critical agency of those whose lands are at stake.

Epidemiology ostensibly exists to reveal and ascribe features to burdens of disease at a population level. However, as the designated arbiter of visibility in public health, it is well-positioned to also obscure burdens of disease with significant implications for both social justice and disease control. This edited volume brings together empirical accounts of epidemiological obfuscation developed by public health researchers from diverse fields, including medicine, history, anthropology, sociology, epidemiology, and rhetoric. In reading across these rich accounts, we begin to characterise what epidemiological obfuscation is, the situations in which it occurs, and the practices underlying it. As such, the book serves not only as a catalogue of independently interesting and robustly developed accounts of important episodes in the history and contemporary practice of epidemiology but also as a foundational body of scholarship on this central but oft overlooked aspect of epidemiology, namely, its ability to obscure as well as elucidate.

Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license and Introduction, Chapter 11 and Chapter 12 are available open access under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0.

This compelling volume addresses key issues at the critical intersection of intangible cultural heritage and traditional medical practices, highlighting the urgent need for their preservation in an increasingly globalized world.

The chapters within this book explore key themes such as the paradox of authenticity versus rationalization in traditional healing, the political implications of heritage-making in diverse contexts - from India and China to Mexico and Chile - and the role of local communities in asserting their medical knowledge as part of their cultural identity. Contributions from experts in anthropology, political science, law, and history provide a rich, multidisciplinary perspective on how these practices are integrated into contemporary heritage processes. By examining case studies that illustrate both the challenges and successes of safeguarding traditional medical knowledge, this book offers original insights into the evolving concept of intangible cultural heritage. It emphasizes the significance of these practices in fostering cultural resilience and identity, making it a vital addition to the discourse on heritage studies and global health. This work not only enriches our understanding of traditional medical practices but also advocates for their recognition and protection in a rapidly changing world.

This book serves as an essential resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers interested in the dynamics of intangible cultural heritage and traditional medical practices.