文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Heritage Forensics introduces a new framework for investigating cultural heritage caught up in war, ethnic cleansing, and secrecy. The book combines satellite-based spatial analysis with humanistic research and humanitarian concern to document the impact of the protracted conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan on the medieval and modern heritagescape of the South Caucasus. Drawing on the findings of Caucasus Heritage Watch, the authors demonstrate how cultural erasure, looting, and violence have inflicted harm on historical sites and the descendant communities for whom they hold enduring significance.

Out of the forensic materials provided by the Nagorno-Karabakh wars, Lori Khatchadourian, Adam T. Smith, Ian Lindsay, and Husik Ghulyan offer a reflexive approach for bearing witness to abuses of cultural heritage that emphasizes historical and political context and the careful use of powerful technologies in an era of post-truths. Heritage Forensics establishes a model for investigating cultural heritage threatened by political violence and is an invaluable resource for scholars, journalists, activists, and policymakers alike.

Vital Ties depicts an emergent form of intimacy with the dead mediated by digital technologies. In southern Australia, a game developer crafts a virtual reality experience, reuniting his best friend with an avatar of his late father. In Northern California, a woman creates a smartphone app to log moments in which her deceased mother appears. In Chicago, a high school teacher visits her late brother's Facebook page, hypnotized by the shifting content that animates and reanimates him. As digital media offer ways to bring the dead to presence, the living and the dead are haunted in new ways, affecting relationships to both media and death. Lyrical and moving, Vital Ties offers a powerful rethinking of death, memory, and mediation in the digital age.

Between the Buddha and the New Tsar is an ethnography of contemporary urban Buddhism in Buryatia, a republic within the Russian Federation. Kristina Jonutyte shows how - in this ethnically and religiously diverse borderland region - Buryat Buddhists are caught between an oppressive, militant Russian regime and the tenacity of local religious and cultural forms. As Jonutyte narrates, historically Buryat Buddhism has been tightly linked with the Russian state ever since the imperial period, a relationship with mutual interest and benefits. Yet everyday Buddhist practices point to a more complex picture, shedding light on precarity, minoritization, struggles for cultural sovereignty, and infrapolitical religious forms. Between the Buddha and the New Tsar reveals the important ways in which the urban setting is not just a backdrop to Buddhism, but that religion and the city are intertwined and mutually impactful.

Ancient Lives is an engaging and accessible textbook that introduces complete beginners to the fascinating worlds of archaeology and prehistory through sites of key significance and the world's first civilizations.

Opening with an introduction to the basic principles, methods, and theoretical approaches of archaeology, the book then provides a summary of world prehistory from a global perspective, exploring human origins and the reality of life in the prehistoric world. Later chapters explore the development of agriculture and animal domestication, and the emergence of cities and state-level societies across the globe. The new edition updates and reflects the latest thinking through numerous updates of case studies, discoveries, and advances in methods and theory. In addition to comprehensive revisions throughout the book, new sections on the relevance of archaeology to contemporary society and issues are included.

Ancient Lives continues to be a comprehensive and essential introduction to archaeology and is an ideal textbook for students studying archaeology and prehistory for the first time.

This accessible guide introduces readers to the essential process of collecting, organizing, testing, and interpreting quantitative data in biological anthropology and archaeology. Written in straightforward language, it avoids complex mathematical theory and programming jargon in favor of practical application, making statistical concepts approachable for students and researchers at all levels.

Through relevant anthropological and archaeological examples, readers learn critical data analysis skills, including determining sample sizes, identifying outliers, handling missing data, testing normality, evaluating hypotheses, and estimating effect size and statistical power. All techniques are demonstrated using R Statistics and other free, open-source software, providing hands-on experience with industry-standard tools without additional cost.

This concise volume bridges the gap between theoretical statistics and real-world application, equipping readers with the fundamental skills needed to conduct and interpret their own research in biological anthropology and archaeology. This book will be perfect for undergraduate and graduate students new to quantitative methods, researchers returning to the field, and instructors seeking a practical supplement for statistics and research methods courses.

Near and Desired Things reveals nineteenth-century Siberian museums, built on Indigenous land and increasingly populated by political exiles, as active sites of ethnographic knowledge-making and centers of scientific research, regional identity, and colonial authority. Rather than collecting from distant colonies, these institutions concentrated on surrounding communities, their tools, beliefs, and everyday lives, to configure ideas about what counted as legitimate knowledge.

Marisa Karyl Franz traces how Siberian museums helped construct shamanism as an ethnographic category. Shamans, while familiar and embedded in local space, were recast as icons of cultural otherness or representatives of an imagined primitive past. Through the evolving languages of science, anthropology, and empire, the local was abstracted and exported, feeding global museum networks and shaping modern anthropology. Yet, the museums held onto the intimacy of place, preserving tensions between familiarity and spectacle, documentation and desire.

By placing Siberia at the center of a broader intellectual and political history, Near and Desired Things challenges assumptions about where modern knowledge is made and redefines provincial spaces as sites of innovation and as forces that reshape the terms of empire.

This book offers an anthropological inquiry into the labor underpinning immigration detention in Sweden, examining the daily practices, institutional efforts, and forms of knowledge production that sustain the detention regime.

Drawing upon fieldwork involving time spent with detention workers while wearing a uniform, the author offers a rare, immersive perspective, providing insights from detention departments, offices, meetings, training sessions, isolation cells, and control rooms. By situating these practices in relation to the European and international deportation industry, the book analyses how detention is not only executed but also increasingly optimized and made the subject of social scientific understanding. Through this lens, the study sheds light on the operational procedures that shape contemporary immigration control. By bringing Martin Heidegger's critique of modern technology into dialogue with this anthropological study of detention work, the book offers an analytical lens on how technology shapes not only practice but perception. Rather than treating technological systems within detention as tools to be studied, this book foregrounds the idea that technological thinking preconditions how detention is conceived, analyzed, and understood.

Anthropology and Immigration Detention Work in Sweden is suitable for scholars of incarceration, immigration, and deportation, particularly in Nordic and European contexts.

Social and cultural factors can strongly influence how we approach death and dying, including attitudes towards death, rituals and practices surrounding death, and end-of-life care.

Current knowledge in death studies tends to be influenced by Western views, which can limit its application to policy and practice. The increasing diversity and plurality of populations around the world requires further attention to be paid to diversifying evidence and knowledge to ensure that it effectively serves its beneficiaries. This book provides cutting-edge discourses and debates on death studies as a global and international field of research and practice. By hosting the space for interdisciplinary, international contributions, especially from under-represented groups, it advances our exploration of both knowledge outside of the colonised and the degree of the current knowledge's applicability in the field. Offering a truly innovative contribution to the field through its clear emphasis on decolonising methodologies and perspectives, it highlights decolonisation as a central framework, and pushes boundaries and challenges established norms, paving the way for new and transformative conversations within death studies.

Through its collaborative and interdisciplinary approach, the proposal breaks new ground by bringing together a diverse range of perspectives and voices, fostering rich dialogue and promoting inclusivity. This innovative approach promises to catalyse meaningful change and advance critical scholarship in death studies. It will be of interest to all undergraduate and postgraduate courses on death studies across both humanities and social sciences.

This book presents a comprehensive scientific reconstruction of human evolution, offering an original and integrative explanation for the emergence of the traits that define our species. It explores the evolutionary roots of a remarkable range of human characteristics-from our hairless skin, nuanced facial expressions, and emotional vocalizations to male and female sexuality, language, creativity, consciousness, social norms, laughter, and sense of humor.

Rather than focusing on details of stone technologies and skull shapes, this theoretical study employs a rigorous evolutionary framework, grounded in explicitly stated principles, a coherent conceptual apparatus of psychological and social concepts, and a systematic methodology for evaluating evidence. Drawing on the extended evolutionary synthesis-including cultural drive, multilevel selection, and niche construction-the author weaves together insights from paleoscience, biology, psychology, and anthropology to trace the key forces and transitions that shaped our species.

The book introduces and synthesizes key concepts such as challenge-response dynamics, concerns-and-structures coevolution, trial-and-fixation mechanisms, self-domestication, operant conditioning, normativity, and internalization. It reconstructs the pivotal evolutionary phases of human development-from the "African springboard" to the transformative Upper Paleolithic revolution-highlighting how daily survival concerns, child-rearing, intergroup competition and alliance formation catalyzed evolutionary change.

Special attention is given to the role of group and sexual selection, the development of symbolic communication and social regulation, and the fixation of traits through genetic mechanisms. The book sheds light on often overlooked evolutionary phenomena, including the emergence of adolescence, life cycle formation, female mobility across groups, the difference between male and female eroticism, and the institutionalization of property and mating norms.

A concluding philosophical chapter portrays human nature as a paradoxical blend of the endless openness and deeply embedded ancestral legacies. The author offers speculative reflections on how the evolutionary past continues to shape contemporary challenges-religiosity, sexuality, ethnic conflict, organized violence, and even our capacity for laughter and humor.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

Growing concerns over pesticide exposure have fueled calls for stricter regulations. Yet governments-often constrained by the pressures of global markets-frequently fall short of implementing effective controls. The Sovereign Poison explores the failed efforts of both the European Parliament and the Sri Lankan government to ban glyphosate, the world's most widely used herbicide. Introducing the concept of "poisoncraft," Tom Widger delves into the cultural beliefs and practices surrounding poison that played a key role in these controversies, and traces humanity's long and complex relationship with toxic substances. Using a wide-angle anthropological lens, this book examines poison in its many forms-as a tool of witchcraft and magic, a language of value and exchange, a discourse of nationalist politics, and a foundational element of the global food system. By illuminating the intersections of science, politics, and regulation with public demands for sovereign control, Widger reveals the deeper cultural logics and power dynamics that underpin the global governance of pesticides.

This landmark volume offers a bold response from the East to the Western classic The Golden Bough, bringing Chinese perspectives into the global conversation on comparative mythology.

Through a close examination of the culturally distinctive motif of the "Jade Leaf", the author reinterprets the foundational narratives of ancient China and highlights the symbolic and civilizational role of jade in shaping East Asian identity. By bridging disciplines such as mythology, literature, history, philosophy, religion, art, and anthropology, the book constructs a uniquely Chinese mythological coding system-one that challenges conventional boundaries and offers fresh insight into the spiritual and cultural imagination of ancient China.

The CAA-GR 2024 Conference Proceedings capture the spirit and substance of the fifth national meeting on computer applications in archaeology and cultural heritage, held in Serres, Greece. Organized by the Athena Research Center and the International Hellenic University, the conference brought together a vibrant community of researchers, professionals, and practitioners exploring how digital technologies are reshaping our relationship and interaction with the past.

Under the theme "Transforming Heritage Research in a Transforming World," the volume reflects the urgent need for new approaches to the study and preservation of cultural heritage in the face of rapid technological advances, environmental challenges, and societal shifts. The chapters span a wide range of topics-from geophysical methods and risk management to 3D scanning, immersive visualization, digital tourism, and museum accessibility-highlighting the interdisciplinary and forward-thinking spirit that defines the field today.

Rich with innovative ideas, practical solutions, and theoretical reflections, this volume offers a compelling look at how computational tools are redefining the boundaries of archaeology and heritage studies. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in the digital transformation of the cultural sector and the future of heritage research.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Poznan School of Archaeology, an original mode of archaeological thought that emerged in Poznan in the 1960s and 1970s. The book examines the significance of this original Polish archaeological thought in its broad academic context and places it in the realm of the social and intellectual framework of Europe. It is directed to the worldwide community of researchers interested in understanding the nature of the studies of the past and places this original and well-developed school of archaeological thought in its broad geographical and chronological perspective.

The Poznan School of Archaeology made explicit efforts to break off ties with the culture-history paradigm and rejected the simplified functional and rigid deductive-nomological explanations. Developed in the context of non-Marxist historical materialism, over decades it transformed itself into a distinct and multifaceted archaeological research school embedded in the tradition of cultural studies, philosophy, history, and the natural sciences. The book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate programmes in archaeology and archaeological theory.

This book contributes to understandings of linguistic anthropology within the context of the wider Persianate world, covering Iranian language societies in both their homelands, and in the diaspora. It demarcates language ideologies - feelings, beliefs of language, and linguistic forms in their broad terms; semiotic processes - signs and their indexical meanings; affect - emotions, or what sensory perceptions do in society; language socialization and language development; discourse analyses; and literacy, secrecy and textuality. Bringing together linguists and anthropologists to chart the far-reaching diaspora of the Iranian community under the rubric of poetics and anthropology, it is a relevant collection for scholars in Near Eastern studies, in areas of languages and linguistics, literature, semiotics, cultural studies, social sciences, and diaspora studies.

As one of the few monographs available on the history of Chinese tomb murals, this book offers a comprehensive study.

Theoretically, the authors put forward rebirth belief and state explicitly that Chinese tomb murals gain their theoretical support from rebirth belief, which belongs to the Confucianism system. In terms of historical resources, they compile the first chronology of Chinese tomb murals including stone and brick reliefs, offer an area index for tomb murals, and conduct in-depth and systematic discussions on Chinese tomb murals. Furthermore, Chinese tomb murals are studied from an aesthetic perspective to highlight the unique value of Chinese tomb art for both Eastern and Western art history.

The rich archaeological materials covered here are carefully scrutinized, the arguments eloquently presented, and the style used makes for accessible and enjoyable reading.

This book provides a general guide to stone-structures of the pre-colonial period called zimbabwes. This is a name which denotes their usage as prestige buildings and that a particular quality of masonry with frequent application of wall decoration patterns was required, which distinguishes them from many other stone structures of coarse workmanship. At least 300 sites are known within the borders of Zimbabwe alone, while a few more are found in Botswana, South Africa and Mozambique. However, recent findings have indicated that stone buildings in southern Angola of similar typology also carry decoration patterns that suggests a much wider distribution in the region than was previously thought.

The word Zimbabwe is of historical origin which has been customized to refer to a specific typology of stone walls and to distinguish them from the rest of low-grade buildings which number several hundred. In the 16^th century, it denoted royal and chiefly settlements built in stone and it was used figuratively to imply the presence there of such important political figures. In this guide, zimbabwe (lower case and in italics) refers to stone walls whereas when in upper case it refers either to Great Zimbabwe or Zimbabwe the modern country.

This work is the first comprehensive volume to act as a guide to the archaeological stone wall structures. Zimbabwe sites are the only immovable cultural remains of substantial physical form that have been inherited from a pre-colonial past. In a post-colonial state, they are extremely valuable as tangible evidence of the historical continuity of indigenous populations with a pre-colonial past. Their history implies an inheritance for present and future generations and entrust ownership to the public. Religious activities connected with the sites imply not just vestigial importance, but embody cosmological values that bind people together. A descriptive inventory such as this guidebook serves two purposes, i.e. a heritage register to support conservation programmes and as a popular study guide to interest both local and international visitors.

Experts in the field provide ethnographic examples to explore contemporary and pioneering works in cultural and social economic analysis, looking ahead to the future of economic anthropology. Building on the history of the discipline, the Encyclopedia captures the latest concepts and examines how they can be used to develop new ways of thinking about the economy.

Key Features:

• Highlights how conflict in society is related to capitalism, markets, and values
• Showcases new lines of inquiry through innovative studies from diverse scholarly and geographical areas
• Analyzes the relationship between theory and method, shedding light on the function of the economy as part of society and culture
• 57 entries covering varied themes including energy, climate finance, responsible innovation, entrepreneurship, international development, and gender

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Economic Anthropology is a vital reference for scholars and students of anthropology, social sciences, and economic psychology. It is also a beneficial resource for policymakers and practitioners in economics and finance.

Utilizing archaeological, archival, and visual sources, this book reconsiders tobacco and smoking in the 17th-century Puritan colonies through the lens of religious beliefs and medical care.

Indigenous to the Americas and cultivated by Indigenous people for thousands of years, tobacco was introduced to Europeans in the 16th century. For Indigenous peoples in North and South America, tobacco was an important part of ceremonial life and was commonly used in healing. By the early 17th century, tobacco was found all over the globe. To keep pace with the high demand, Native American and African people labored on plantations in the Virginia colony to produce tobacco for the English world, including the Puritan colonies in the Northeast United States.

Readers may be surprised to learn that archaeological records document the popularity of smoking throughout 17th-century North America. In fact, tobacco pipes are ubiquitous in archaeological sites in the Atlantic East. While historical archaeologists have long talked about smoking in the Atlantic world, a discussion of the motivation behind early Colonial smoking is new. The assumption has been that smoking during this period was a leisure activity, but in the 17th-century Puritan world, smoking tobacco was often prescribed to alleviate numerous illnesses, as evidenced in the writings of physicians and ministers as well as pharmacopeia.

In this book, the presence of white clay tobacco pipes found in the archaeological record of Puritan colonies receives further scrutiny. For Puritans, drunkenness, excessive tobacco consumption, and conspicuous displays of prosperity were strictly forbidden. While laws in the Puritan colonies and the laws of Harvard College prohibited smoking as a form of licentious self-indulgence they did permit the medicinal use of smoking tobacco. When viewed through this lens, tobacco pipes can be viewed as an item of bodily care that addresses physical and metaphysical ailments.

This work highlights local narratives that sustain traditions amidst historical silences, connecting cultural values to heritage tourism and Indigenous stewardship.

The Cultural Heritage Resilience of the Great Dismal Swamp explores the cultural resilience of the Great Dismal Swamp, emphasizing narratives of local residents that sustain traditions amid historical silences. It connects cultural values, heritage tourism, and the legacy of freedom while advocating for landscape stewardship rooted in Indigenous practices. The book highlights how marginalized communities create empowering knowledge spaces to honor their heritage despite lacking external resources. The Great Dismal Swamp Region reflects rich historical and cultural heritage, with settlements like Mattoanoak, Bowers Hill, and Skeetertown, which have maintained ancestral lifeways. Despite historical silences about marginalized groups, community members create resilient cultural narratives that emphasize their connections to land and tradition, beckoning a return to their roots.

The second edition of Being Indigenous presents perspectives from 24 Indigenous scholars who share their knowledge on the interconnected fabric of activism, culture, language, and identity that defines Indigenous existence in the twenty-first century.

The book explores personal narratives, cultural traditions, and resistance strategies of Indigenous peoples from 11 countries. This expanded edition features significant updates including a new introduction, restructured organization prioritizing traditional cultural knowledge, and five entirely new chapters on power dynamics, pedagogical approaches, climate change impacts on Indigenous foodways, gender perspectives, and collaborative research methodologies in the Amazon.

Being Indigenous is essential reading for students and researchers in Indigenous studies, anthropology, sociology, linguistics, and cultural studies seeking authentic perspectives on sovereignty, identity, and cultural resilience from those who have lived these experiences.