文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This book highlights the diverse and complicated ways that violence becomes axiomatic, namely through political rhetoric, epistemological impositions, and colonial legacies. Considering how axiomatic violence emerges from events of rupture as well as slow-moving structural inequalities, authors interrogate both the novelty and mundane quality of the current political moment. Approaching violence as axiomatic expands the conceptual lexicon for discussing how rhetorics, metaphors, and prescriptive assumptions can be inherently violent and become normalised, losing their event-like status. Through the routinisation of the extraordinary, truths become indisputable. Axioms combine neoteric and foundational violence to lend legitimacy to apparently incontestable categories of domination, disenfranchisement, and epistemological governance.

This book will be an asset to students and researchers of political theory, philosophy, and social anthropology and those interested in learning about the intersections of post-colonial and post-liberal anthropology, violence, and power.

The chapters in this book were first published as a special issue of Anthropological Forum and are accompanied by a new Afterword.

We live in a fragile world. This much is evident as stories abound of natural disasters that wipe out communities in an instant. How can we survive the future on such a planet, amid intensifying climate change? This question is particularly poignant along the Ring of Fire, a tectonic belt in the Pacific region that routinely faces some of the most devastating disasters in the world. Based on ethnographic research spanning seven years, Play to Survive examines the work of preparedness training in Japan and Chile, two primary nations along the Ring of Fire that experience frequent and intense disasters. Experts from these countries have often collaborated to create some of the most advanced disaster preparedness systems in the world. Chika Watanabe traces how local city officials, NGOs, and members of neighborhood and grassroots organizations are, counterintuitively, using fun, playful methods to teach preparation for our darkest hours.

While there are many important studies of post-disaster response, much less is written about the future-orientation of disaster preparedness. This book shows how a transnational group of preparedness experts orient people toward potential disasters in gentle and hopeful ways, focusing on improvisation and repair. In a time of political and environmental destabilization globally, this book offers a unique look at how playful preparedness can reset relationships to environments, to the future, and to each other.

The Craft of Belonging explores the role of craft and its mediation of social boundaries, particularly in communities that are under state pressure. Anthropologists Matthew Magnani and Natalia Magnani blend anthropology and archaeology to explore the role of craft in community-making from prehistory to present with the Sami, the Indigenous peoples of Northern Europe. Sapmi, the Sami homeland, has sat at a material crossroads for millennia. Forests, tundras, and extended social networks offered raw materials autochthonous and imported. Wood, antler, cloth, and silver were crafted to cope with Arctic climates and state incursions. Integrating archaeological, ethnographic and Indigenous perspectives to reveal the transformative nature of material culture, The Craft of Belonging shows how long-term perspectives accentuate the shifting meanings and malleability of material social boundaries. Local agencies intersect with changing trade networks, colonialism and climate change, to resonate through the production, uses and signals of Sami craft (duodji). This book thus contends that ancestral material cultures, far from static cultural domains, are innovative sites of social transformation used to assert rights to land, water, and community belonging.

Becoming Utopia centers on the tiny community of Bishop Hill, Illinois, whose marketing materials call it "Utopia on the Prairie," home to a radical communal religious sect that emigrated from Sweden in the 1840s. Through rich textual and ethnographic analyses, Margaret E. Farrar and Adam Kaul tell the story of what happens when a small, historically significant Midwestern community negotiates the contradictory impulses of twenty-first-century place-making. At first glance, Bishop Hill is simply a small heritage tourism destination in Midwestern flyover country, but further inspection reveals it to be a complex place that mixes a deep nostalgia for the past undercut by complex origin stories of displacement and colonialism, an active historic preservation movement amid futuristic green energy technologies built by multinational corporations, and a commitment to localism in the context of omnipresent globalization.

Based on fifteen years of fieldwork, Becoming Utopia is an interdisciplinary contribution to conversations about the importance and meaning of place-making, heritage-making, and sustainability (social, economic, and environmental) in the twenty-first century.

Charles W. A. Prior offers a new account of the sovereign claims of Native Americans, the Crown, and colonies in early America, arguing that Native American diplomacy shaped how sovereignty was negotiated and contested among all three, from Virginia's founding to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Previous scholars have focused on the contested relationship between the British imperial state and the colonies it established along the Atlantic Coast without addressing how sovereign Native nations shaped the colonial process through warfare, diplomacy, trade, peace-making, and treaty-making.

Prior adopts a new interpretive framework for examining sovereignty in early America, arguing that the Native and colonial spaces of the Northeast were a treaty ground thickly layered with agreements and negotiated rules of interaction. Drawing on an extensive range of treaty records, writings on colonial and imperial affairs, letters, and official documents, Treaty Ground argues that sovereignty was negotiated within diplomacy and shaped the norms of war, the terms of peace and alliances, the rightful ownership of territory, and appropriate responses to treaty violations. This process in turn structured relations between the Crown and colonies and framed initial positions on how the power of congress related to that of the states.

Treaty Ground offers historical depth to our understanding of how Native nations articulated Indigenous power within colonialism, cuts settler colonialism down to size, and expands contemporary understandings of the sovereign relationships between Native nations in the United States and Canada.

Wage work was supposed to "kill the Indian and save the man," or so thought Richard Pratt and other late nineteenth-century policymakers. Nevertheless, even as American Indians entered the workforce, they remained connected to their lands and cultures. In this powerful history of resilience and transformation, Colleen O'Neill uncovers the creative strategies Native workers employed to subvert assimilation and fight for justice in the workplace, their collective strength expanding the very meaning of sovereignty.

Drawing on federal archives, Native memoirs, oral histories, and field research, O'Neill traces a sweeping story that stretches from the era of boarding schools to the contemporary world of high-stakes gaming. For more than a century, federal policymakers tried to reshape Native lives through labor. In some cases, children were sent to pick crops and scrub settlers' homes. In others, families were relocated to distant cities for permanent year-round jobs that were designed to replace traditional seasonal labor and lifestyle patterns. But Native workers persevered. They rebuilt their communities, fought to reclaim control of the reservation workplace, and developed distinctive institutions to defend their cultural, political, and economic sovereignty. As Waging Sovereignty illuminates, wage work was a focal point of assimilationist efforts and, in turn, labor became a key factor in Native workers' anti-colonial struggle.

Anthropology is inseparable from writing, whether in field diaries, letters, articles, or books. Among these writings, letters form paper bridges-holding a special place as material artifacts uniquely capable of building scholarly communities and sustaining relationships with field collaborators long after the fieldwork is completed.

The story of Franz Boas, one of the founders of American anthropology, can be imagined as a res publica literaria, a network that, like its Renaissance prototype, shaped the contours of transnational anthropology. This two-part volume chronicles more than forty years of Boas's collaborations and friendships with Russian and Soviet anthropologists, following a small group of anthropologists as they built the house of Arctic and Siberian anthropology. Through these letters, readers are introduced to a lesser-known aspect of Boas's political life and his ambition to redefine anthropology as a transnational discipline, one that transcended national borders and political obstacles. Through meticulously gathered correspondence from more than thirty archives in the United States, Russia, France, and Norway, The Franz Boas Papers, Volume 3 reveals an untold chapter in the history of anthropology.

Historical Archaeology offers students a comprehensive and accessible introduction to historical archaeology and highlights the regional, cultural, and ethnic diversity of the modern historical period.

This volume covers key methods and concepts, including fundamental theories and principles, the history of the field, and basic definitions; it also includes a practical look at career prospects for interested readers. It discusses central topics of archaeological research such as time and space, survey and excavation methods, and analytical techniques, encouraging readers to consider the possible meanings of artifacts. This fourth edition has been heavily revised to reflect the changes to the discipline. As well as updating the case studies, the many revisions include the following: information on new technological approaches in surveying, excavating, and documenting sites and buildings; a focus on global cultural preservation and heritage; updates on maritime and underwater archaeology; and new additions on conflict archaeology. A new chapter on Indigenous and underserved community voices in archaeology, drawing on recent scholarship, has been added to reflect the importance of this topic in current teaching.

Drawing on the author's extensive experience as an historical archaeologist, Historical Archaeology continues to be an ideal resource for students studying this rapidly expanding global field, demonstrating the real importance of this subject to our understanding of the world in which we live today.

The ultimate guide for the student encountering anthropology for the first time, Anthropology: The Basics explains and explores anthropological concepts and themes. In this immensely readable book, Peter Metcalf makes large and complex topics both accessible and enjoyable, arguing that the issues anthropology deals with are all around us, in magazines and newspapers and on television. He tackles topics such as:

• What is anthropology?
• How the issues of anthropology arise in everyday life.
• How can we distinguish cultural differences from physical ones?
• What is culture anyway?
• How do anthropologists study culture?
• What are the key theories and approaches used today?
• How has the discipline changed over time?
• Decolonizing anthropology.
  

New to this edition are a reframing of gender and feminist theory, discussions of queer anthropology, as well as an entirely new chapter on decolonizing anthropology. This student-friendly text provides an overview of the fundamental principles of anthropology and is an invaluable guide for anyone wanting to learn more about this fascinating subject.

Tribes: Challenging the Image, Shifting the Paradigm reconsiders the concept of "tribe" in political, cultural, and academic discourse, offering a dynamic alternative to outdated and damaging stereotypes.

This book critiques the popular portrayal of tribes as static, violent, or regressive, arguing instead for an understanding of tribal life as adaptive, egalitarian, and resilient. Drawing on examples from colonial history, contemporary war zones, and indigenous sovereignty movements, it explores how tribes disperse power, resist conquest, and regenerate through ritual and cultural practice. The volume challenges the misuse of "tribalism" in modern politics and repositions tribes as vital actors in global conversations about identity, governance, and resource rights. Through comparative analysis, it proposes a new paradigm that recognizes tribes as shape-shifters rather than fixed structures.

Tribes: Challenging the Image, Shifting the Paradigm is ideal for students and researchers interested in anthropology, human rights, international relations, and political rhetoric.

Exploring Reproduction: Anthropological Perspectives introduces students to the dynamic field of the anthropology of reproduction, examining how human reproduction is shaped by cultural, historical, and political forces.

This textbook engages with key issues such as fertility, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies, childbirth, contraception, reproductive governance, genetics, and justice. Drawing on foundational anthropological concepts-like personhood, stratified reproduction, and biopolitics-it introduces students to the various ways in which reproduction intersects with gender, sexuality, kinship, and social institutions. Through case studies and theoretical insights, the book showcases the relevance of anthropological approaches to understanding reproductive health, rights, and policy across diverse contexts.

Exploring Reproduction: Anthropological Perspectives is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology, sociology, public health, allied medicine, biology, and related fields exploring reproduction, identity, and power.

Affect as Cultural Critique assembles leading anthropologists, affect theorists, and artist-activist scholars to ask, what if the most constructive response to moments of ethnographic puzzlement was not the formulation of an answer but the cultivation of a feeling? What if understanding the powerful effects of discourses requires somatic rather than semiotic exercises? And where habits of academic professionalism prohibit experiencing possible worlds - what if anthropology as a discipline could leverage affect to differently connect and cultivate collaboration with others?

In line with growing movements to decolonize the academy, the essays in Affect as Cultural Critique feature ethnographic accounts of people actively describing, experimenting with, and otherwise exercising affect in ways that challenge the academy's inherited models for analyzing emotional life. Through an experimental collection of traditional ethnographic essays and artist-activist-generated critiques, this volume explores how everyday modes of feeling function as methods of knowing. By centering non-academic and non-Western affective practices as answers to traditional theoretical problems generated primarily by Western theorists, Affect as Cultural Critique seeks new trajectories for the discipline through a rediscovery of discovery itself as a guiding professional aim, as methodological inspiration, and as a source of reflexive critique of the discipline's philosophical and theory-heavy analytics.

Coastal Futures explores the profound transformation of our relationship with the world's coasts, as nearly 40 percent of humanity now lives within 100 kilometers of the sea.

Moving beyond the traditional view of coasts as simple boundaries between land and water, this book reveals the coast as a diverse, networked landscape shaped by intertidal ecologies, sprawling infrastructures, and everyday practices that reach far beyond the shore. By uncovering the "coastalization" of society, the book highlights the growing significance of shores in understanding contemporary life and environmental change. Drawing on rich ethnographic research, the volume challenges traditional notions of the coast as simply a physical object or maritime boundary. Instead, it closely examines the diverse material forms and infrastructural connections that define coastal spaces, envisioning new futures for these vital zones.

Coastal Futures argues that a scientific inquiry into the dynamic interplay of society and coastlines is both urgent and essential, encouraging more responsible and imaginative ways of living with and on the coast. Ultimately, the book redeems the coast as a geo-ontological force-one that shapes, enables, and constrains the transformative energies of global assemblages, rather than serving as a passive backdrop to human activity.

Kachinland is an unrecognized state in the borderlands of Myanmar, India, China, and Thailand. Its geography throws into sharp relief the intersecting dynamics of British colonialism, settler colonialism, and protracted war between the Kachin Independence Army and the Myanmar Army. Kachinland's rich natural resources - including jade and hydropower - are coveted by the junta-led Myanmar government and its energy hungry neighbor, China. As resource extraction and land confiscation intensifies, Kachin activists and artists turn to Indigenous law and media to stem the tide of displacement and dispossession.

Emily Hong follows a diverse cast of Kachin activists, punk rock musicians, women farmers, and armed group leaders dreaming up new futures for Kachinland. She examines how they draw on the infrastructures of the borderlands - cross-border media tactics, inter-ethnic solidarity, and an expanded sense of the law and political possibility-to sustain activism for the long-haul. With critical awareness of the colonial legacies of the region and of anthropology itself, Hong uncovers the limitations and liberatory potential of borderland solidarity, offering a powerful lens for understanding global activism and for navigating collaborative ethnography. Through evocative storytelling and sensory ethnography, Hong's book challenges readers to move beyond a Western lens on solidarity to ask what activists, artists, and anthropologists alike can learn from centering non-Western ways of theorizing and embodying political sensation and collective action.

This book illustrates the ways in which today's environmental anthropologists are constructing new paradigms for understanding the multiplicity of players, pressures, and ecologies in every environment, as well as the value of cultural knowledge of landscapes.

This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of contemporary topics in environmental anthropology and thorough discussions on the current state and prospective future of the field in seven key sections. As the contributions to this handbook demonstrate, the subfield of environmental anthropology is responding to cultural adaptations and responses to environmental changes in multiple and complex ways. As a discipline concerned primarily with human-environment interaction, environmental anthropologists recognize that we are now working within a pressure cooker of rapid environmental damage that is forcing behavioral and often cultural changes around the world. As we see in the breadth of topics presented in this volume, these environmental challenges have inspired renewed foci on traditional topics such as food procurement, ethnobiology, and spiritual ecology, as well as a broad new range of subjects such as resilience, nonhuman rights, architectural anthropology, industrialism, and education. The second edition includes greater coverage of topics that have grown increasingly pertinent not only to the field of environmental anthropology but also to peoples, places, and species around the world since the publication of the original volume. To this end, the new edition includes chapters illustrating the role of environmental anthropologists in the struggle for environmental justice and elucidating instances of environmental racism, climate change, the effects of the global pandemic, and much more.

This comprehensive, holistically oriented second edition is an ideal resource not only to inform students and scholars about the history and challenges of environmental anthropology today, but also to prepare them to apply the anthropological skill set to address challenges of justice, health, conservation, and wellbeing in a climate-changed world.

Combines anthropology's four subfields to explore what it means to be human

Introduction to Holistic Anthropology invites students to rediscover anthropology as Franz Boas once envisioned it - a unified discipline that integrates biological, historical, linguistic, and cultural perspectives to understand human diversity and commonality. In contrast to the fragmented state of the field today, where sub-disciplines often operate in isolation, this innovative textbook emphasizes a holistic approach that encourages readers to see the connections between different aspects of human life. John Forrest and Badger Forrest-Blincoe confront the challenge of making sense of anthropology's "post-everything" landscape by shifting the focus from what anthropology is not to what it can be: a rigorous, integrative inquiry into the many dimensions of human existence.

Drawing on decades of combined teaching and research experience across six continents, the authors explore anthropology's enduring questions about human nature, cultural variation, and the interplay of biology and learning. This book challenges students to consider how anthropologists build knowledge, where disagreements arise, and how the very foundations of the discipline can be contested and conceptualized.

Offering an accessible yet comprehensive framework that prompts learners to think across disciplinary boundaries, Introduction to Holistic Anthropology:

• Addresses the fragmentation of the discipline and offers strategies for reconnecting its branches
• Draws on fieldwork and teaching experience spanning six continents
• Frames key questions in clear and engaging language for those new to the subject
• Fosters analytical thinking and respectful debate
• Highlights anthropology's relevance to contemporary global issues and intercultural understanding
• Supports interdisciplinary thinking that connects anthropology to other fields of study

Introduction to Holistic Anthropology is designed for undergraduate students in introductory anthropology courses, particularly at the first- and second-year level. Suitable for degrees in anthropology, sociology, history, and global studies, it provides a solid foundation for understanding human cultures and diversity.

This book offers an updated version of Garbology (Archaeology of Garbage), a subfield of archaeology that critically examines modern waste and consumerism. It weaves academic rigor with the author's personal narratives and experiences in the field. The work contains facts and evidence from multiple communities and considers the author's journey from being a politically marginalized professor in Iran to co-founding a garbology-centered startup in Sweden.

This perspective offers a compelling narrative, accessible not just to scholars but to anyone seeking a new way to explore and discuss modern civilization's wicked problems. What distinguishes this work is its practical approach: it not only critiques consumer behaviors but also offers actionable solutions through an archaeological lens. With detailed case studies, the author positions garbology as a transformative tool for grassroots activism and social change. Ultimately, A New Garbology Manifesto serves as a powerful call to action, highlighting the deep connections between waste, socio-economic inequality, and environmental justice. It equips scholars, policymakers, and NGOs with practical strategies to tackle hyperconsumerism and climate challenges across both the Global South and North.

This book examines heritage reconstruction and its relationship to community recovery after cultural trauma. Its content and structure situate it within a new body of theory concerned to shift focus from physical buildings and ensembles to people, from the material to the social. The contributions integrate the social meaning of heritage with the subjective feelings and needs of individuals engaged in processing cultural trauma. The collection of studies touches upon sociological, psychological, healing, and anthropological dimensions of heritage recovery.

The new question that this book brings to the heritage discourse is: Can cultural heritage serve as a medium for healing societal trauma? The volume is divided into five thematic sections: 1. Coming to terms with the past; 2. Inclusiveness; 3. Building Resilience; 4. People in Focus; 5. Crossing borders. The nexus between people and heritage is explored through case studies on diverse recovery contexts - Bosnia, Gazza, Syria, Iraq, Uganda, Albania, Nepal, Zanzibar, Lebanon - different practices of international organisations, and formative documents of contemporary international doctrine. Difficult issues of justice, ethics, human rights, sustainable development, and the lengthy process of coming to terms with life after trauma are brought into contact with technical challenges and cultural, historical, and economic contexts. The book establishes the theory of inclusive heritage discourse, which reconciles informal heritage practices and authorised heritage discourse, and will be relevant for academic researchers, students and professionals in the field of heritage studies but also in conflict, human rights, and humanitarian studies.

This conference proceedings, Opportunities for Heritage: Fostering Innovation, Conservation and Sustainability, is the outcome of the first international conference with the same title. The challenges in the pursuit of heritage protection and sustainable development are closely intertwined with the intricate relationship between social and economic environments, often clashing with the need to preserve heritage. It became apparent that further discussions are needed to address the pressing issues facing World Heritage around the world. This book documents the discourse on the interlinkages of heritage and sustainable development by bringing together researchers, practitioners and stakeholders from the fields of heritage at multiple levels to explore the opportunities heritage offers in implementing the UN agenda 2030, and the innovative solutions created to efficiently manage it. It highlights experiences in management including tourism management, the interlinkage between tangible and intangible heritage, living heritage, heritage digitalization and the economic opportunities provided by heritage.

The work also addresses the questions of how to meet the needs and aspirations of the communities central to the sustainable management of heritage and their development aspirations. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of heritage for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and for building peace and creating resilient communities, aiming to be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of heritage.

What happens when death becomes part of the journey of international migrants?

This book examines how mortality is woven into the experience of displacement and migration. From perilous border crossings to the business of repatriation and contested burial grounds, it reveals the hidden geographies and politics that underpin the death of migrants in transit or abroad. Drawing together diverse research across disciplines, it offers a cohesive framework for understanding the industries, rituals and emotional labour surrounding migrant death.

Whether through bureaucratic processes, artistic productions, activist mobilizations or collective mourning, death becomes not an endpoint, but a powerful force shaping how migration is lived, governed and remembered.

Drawing on historical and contemporary ethnographic research, this edited collection addresses tangible and intangible forms of urban heritage, their impact on urban policies, and their consequences for urban life, both at individual and social levels. The chapters look at culturally diverse concepts of heritage in their social and historical context, bringing out the potential conflict that cultural memories and ideological approaches may generate and the related processes of social and political legitimation. The book offers different perspectives on how culturally driven urban policies interlink with power dynamics. It will contribute to understanding how memory practices may reflect changing historical narratives, political and ideological projects, and the (re)definition of social identities. This book is of special interest to scholars and students of anthropology, sociology, urban history, ethnographic research, material culture, social and political sciences, and archaeology.

This book addresses the pressing challenges of the twenty-first century-an era marked by crises and uncertainty-by advocating for anthropology's vital role in fostering compassionate intercultural dialogue and promoting harmonious coexistence between humanity and the non-human world. Through a collection of thought-provoking essays, it explores how non-Western perspectives, particularly Chinese methodologies, can enrich anthropological practice and help transcend the limitations imposed by Western-centric paradigms. Rather than replacing one form of ethnocentrism with another, the book calls for a more balanced and inclusive conversation across cultures.

Within this framework, anthropology is reimagined not merely as the interpretation or writing of culture, but as an active process of cultural communication, negotiation, and reconciliation. True intercultural understanding, the book argues, can only be achieved when diverse cultural subjects engage in dialogue on equal footing-making the "doing" of anthropology a collaborative and transformative endeavor.

This book offers a comprehensive corpus and analysis of all the Formosan 'Shooting the Sun' myths. The 'Shooting the Sun' myths describe a series of historical events in mythology that is preceded by the origins of man myths and followed by the deluge myths. These diverse mythologemes are an integral part of the national culture in Taiwan, particularly among the Austronesian tribes. The myths continue to be the subjects of contemporary art exhibits, literary works, public works, performances, and political protests, and remain essential tribal icons upon which various ritualistic practices are founded. Ninety 'Shooting the Sun' myths from over forty different sources published between 1903 and 2024 covering all of Taiwan's tribes are anthologized and explored in this book.

This magical narrative aims to take you on a journey following a golden string first written about by the eighteenth-century poet, artist and shaman William Blake. Focused on my experience of such a journey as an anthropologist researching magic, it details the effects of my own shamanic soul loss and eventual soul retrieval. Both personal and universal, it combines multiple forms of knowledge encountered through more-than-human realms of the inspirited imagination that have resonance with how we live today.

There is a prevailing sense that commercial Superhero Comics cannot be serious objects of academic enquiry. It is the hallowed graphic novel, with its auteur/author, for which serious work is reserved.

This volume presents the work of three publishing houses who publish Superhero Comics in Delhi and Mumbai. It analyses their techniques of narration associated with the serial publication of commercial comics such as open-ended plots, frequent re-boots of the storyline, extended story arcs, and a complex narrative universe to throw into sharper relief the value of superhero comic books as distinct from the graphic novel. Through an exploration of commercial Superhero Comics, the authors wish to draw attention to a fluidity embedded in Superhero Comics, which is influenced by external pressures of distribution and production that are generally ignored in the desire to view a comic text as a discrete and disembodied whole. Superhero Comics then emerge as a post-modern vehicle to test serious socio-political issues in the mode of fantasy.

This ethnographic attempt to understand the contexts of production, circulation, and consumption of Superhero Comics will be of interest to comics scholars, students of popular culture, sociology, social anthropology, literature, and the arts.