文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

It's August 2015. After twenty-five years of archaeological research in a secluded cave overlooking the Rhone Valley in southern France, Ludovic Slimak uncovers the remains of a Neanderthal, frozen in time - a discovery that casts fresh light on a critical turning point in human history. Could these remains belong to one of the last Neanderthals? As scientists from around the world analyze the site, their findings disrupt everything we thought we knew about the final days of these ancient humans. This discovery takes us to the defining threshold when multiple human species, once coexisting in the same world, are wiped from history-leaving Homo sapiens as the sole human survivor.

Slimak takes the reader on an extraordinary journey of discovery that is both scientific and profoundly human, blending rigorous research with evocative storytelling. This breathtaking exploration of the past not only unearths the lost world of the Neanderthals but forces us to confront the unspoken question: is this how humanity dies?

A compelling narrative spanning millennia, The Last Neanderthal is both a groundbreaking scientific revelation and a profound reflection on the fragility of humanity and the threads that connect us to the distant past.

Archaeology has long been entangled with nationalist and colonial narratives, shaping and reshaping identities through material culture. This book investigates the entanglement of archaeology with nationalism and its role in shaping Icelandic identity.

Drawing on four case studies, it examines archaeological remains, historical sources, and ethnological materials. It reveals how material culture has been used to reinforce nationalist narratives while also offering a framework to challenge them. By focusing on the intersection of materials, discourses, and histories, the book uncovers how archaeology has been implicated in a colonial-cum-nationalist rhetoric, influencing modern interpretations of the past. It also highlights how the field can be used to deconstruct entrenched national myths and open up new avenues of enquiry.

Archaeology and the Narratives of Iceland's Past will inform scholars and students across archaeology, history, and anthropology, while encouraging a broader public awareness of the complex relationship between material culture and national identity.

When most people hear the word 'witch', they immediately think of crones conspiring over a cauldron, a force of dark and vindictive power. But to hundreds of thousands across the world, being a witch is a living, everyday reality, much more varied than the fairytale image.

Witch Power follows Emma Quilty - herself a witch and an anthropologist - on an immersive journey into contemporary witchcraft, from Witchcamp retreats to 'red tent' menstrual events, Voodoo priestesses running ghost tours from their vans to TikTokers casting hexes on a viral scale.

Attentive to the history of witchcraft, she reveals the role power plays in how the figure of the witch has changed over time to suit the ever-present need to control and demonize women. Because to be a witch is to live in defiance of society's expectations and rules.

But while the witch is always castigated as a threat, Quilty finds that the witch is never alone: the witch is a survivor and a symbol of resistance. Ultimately, Witch Power is a provocation and an invitation to readers to experience with the author what it means to embrace witchiness and what witchy feminism could bring to your life.

Indigenous Archaeology in Two Hemispheres: Approaches to Inuit and First Nations Pasts in Canada, Australia and Greenland examines the history and current experiences of Inuit and Australian First Nations peoples in archaeology.

The book explores recent work by Australian, Canadian, and Greenlandic scholars and community partners in a context marked by globalization. This cross-national interdisciplinary approach enriches the research with Indigenous voices from the Eastern Arctic and Australia, aiding the exploration of the similarities and differences in Inuit and First Nations peoples' historical experiences and the challenges they face currently. Chapters call into question the traditional frameworks that have shaped research on the past of Indigenous people in these regions, frameworks that promote imbalanced power relationships, and endorse a collaborative agenda that rejects the objectification of other worldviews and alterities. The book is organized around four main themes considered: historical approaches, current challenges to Inuit and First Nations archaeology, data sovereignty, and Indigenous perspectives.

The book will be of interest to students and researchers in archaeology, anthropology, history, art history, the history of science and cultural heritage management.

Bioanthropology: The Basics offers an engaging and accessible introduction to the science of biological anthropology, exploring human origins, evolution, and the biological dimensions of what it means to be human. Through illuminating examples and case studies, this comprehensive text guides readers through essential topics while connecting our evolutionary past to contemporary discussions about human variation. Topics covered include:

• Human origins
• DNA
• Primates
• Evolution

Bioanthropology: The Basics is ideal for undergraduate students approaching biological anthropology for the first time, scholars from other disciplines seeking cross-disciplinary insights, and general readers curious about human origins and the scientific study of what makes us human.

The fifth edition of Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives offers a clear and readable introduction to the field of cultural anthropology, with a special focus on how digital technologies and social media function as prime global forces that are nevertheless used, adapted, transformed, or ignored by people in their everyday local lives.

This thoroughly modern textbook challenges traditional views of anthropology by positioning it as uniquely qualified to analyze our tech-enhanced social world, exploring the "myth and mess" of digital life through ethnographic case studies spanning diverse global contexts. This updated fifth edition offers significant enhancements including a new chapter on applied anthropology, expanded coverage of gender studies, four new extended case studies, and fresh ethnographic examples featuring digital phenomena like Facebook in Turkey, hashtag activism, and COVID-19 responses in Bhutan.

Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives is ideal for undergraduate students in anthropology and related social sciences, as well as researchers interested in the cultural dimensions of technology, globalization, and contemporary social movements.

This book analyzes how trees act as mediators of interspecies relationships in popular science writing and creative nonfiction. Making Kin with Trees argues that trees emerge as agents of "arboreal poetics" shaping not only fictional but also material interactions. Following how speculative care practices infuse scientific and poetic texts, formatting practices of reading, sensing, knowing, and communicating (with) trees while affirming both cultural and scientific meaning making processes. This book shows how arboreal thinking connects and might ultimately require breaking down the barrier between fact and fiction, human and plant, onlooker and artwork. This book will be of interest to audiences based in fields including environmental humanities, science and technology studies and ecocriticism, and everyone engaged in science communication and interested in the relationship between scientific fact and narrative.

The infrastructure of death is an undeniable part of urban life, yet it is often overlooked in the study of cities.

This book explores the intricate dynamics between the living and the dead in six Latin American cities: Bogota, Medellin, Lima, Buenos Aires, Quetzaltenango and Cuenca. Drawing on more than a decade of ethnographic research, the author investigates how urban death infrastructures - such as cemeteries and spaces for the deceased - are shaped by rapid urbanization, legacies of violence, neoliberal policies and alternative spiritual practices.

With a fresh Global South perspective, this unique contribution will challenge the boundaries of death studies, placing the infrastructure of death at the heart of urban life.

This open access brief is a pioneering work that is one of the first book publications to cover underwater cultural heritage and deep seabed mining. Bringing together a variety of perspectives, the work is designed to serve several purposes and educate a few different types of readers. The work introduces and offers a history on deep seabed mining, the legal context, and how it fits into the new UN Convention on Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ treaty), the International Seabed Authority (DSM governing body), and the ecological impacts of deep seabed mining.

The brief is also aimed at marine ecologists and other ocean scientists who may already be aware of the DSM and the ecological impacts, but not of the cultural heritage at risk. It introduces deep-water archaeology to them and a few case studies of heritage at risk, like in New Zealand or polluting wrecks. Finally, the book offers suggestions for steps forward and case studies of cultural heritage being included in environmental impact assessments.

By the end of the book, all parties should feel educated enough to begin championing a ban on, or more regulations for, seabed mining. One additional strength of the book is that it gives voice to those without a traditional academic background. Intangible cultural heritage has been a hotbed issue in mining regulations and many indigenous voices, especially from the Pacific, have been loudly outspoken at the ISA. While writing thousand-word academic journal articles was not in their wheelhouse, they have given permission for their speeches to be transcribed and included in the book. This will bring a new set of voices into the scientific discourse on the issue. The book is also set up to have many images to de-mystify the deep and show readers the beauty that must be protected.

This book explores the role museums play in shaping the cultural and historical identities of Central Asia. Through an analysis of around 50 museums, this book offers insights into how these "memory machines" contribute to contemporary identity formation in Central Asia, serving as both cultural guardians and storytellers. It traces the development of these institutions from the Russian colonial era to the present, examining how they have navigated the region's complex socio-political landscape.

The book addresses various themes, such as the influence of Soviet policies on museum development, the relationship between religion and atheism in museum narratives, and the renewed interest in pre-Soviet cultural heritage. It also considers how museums utilise historical figures and scientific achievements to craft national stories, exploring identity through the dual perspectives of settled and nomadic lifestyles.

This handbook provides an in-depth finding on the Harappan Civilization (~Indus Civilization, Sarasvati-Sindhi, Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilization) that flourished from ~2600-1900 BCE in the Greater Indus Region. It presents the emerging perspectives of the Harappan Civilization and includes the results from the recent excavations in South Asian sites. The book begins with the evidence on settled human life, the factors that led to the domestication of plants and animals, and the cumulative effect on the triggering of urban processes. It highlights the evidence of the emergence of towns and villages, aided by the technology of copper and trade, in different parts of the Greater Indus Region, ultimately culminating in the Harappan Civilization. It illustrates the hallmark features of the Harappan Civilization and recent findings. It updates the latest knowledge on topics like the script and the people, the ultimate transformation into a rural culture again, mainly due to climatic changes. It presents the scientific techniques and methodologies employed in investigating the past, particularly the Harappan Civilization. It enables the students to pursue similar lines of research in the ever-growing field of applying sciences in archaeology. The richly illustrated book with maps and photographs assists researchers and scholars in understanding the archaeological facts and information related to the Harappan Civilization.

While awareness of the sexual and gendered colonial violence faced by Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI people has grown, the field of Indigenous law and beyond has yet to fully engage with Indigenous feminisms, gender, and sexuality in a sustained way. Ravens Talking challenges this gap, treating Indigenous feminisms as essential, insightful, and deeply transformative.

Through critical feminist analyses, this book examines key issues in Indigenous law, demonstrating how legal understandings shift when gender is consistently, meaningfully, and creatively engaged. The contributors to this collection confront the forms of power shaping these essential conversations and bring to the fore intergenerational Indigenous feminisms; Indigenous law and gender; the forms of expression and translation between and across legal and political worlds; and the rich array of disagreements and conflicts between Indigenous women. Ravens Talking intends to capture the complexities arising from Indigenous feminisms in living contexts to provoke questions and develop critical perspectives.

Both intellectually rigorous and practically grounded, Ravens Talking is a vital contribution encouraging dialogue on Indigenous legal traditions, justice, and sovereignty.

This SpringerBrief examines emotions in the past through contemporary archaeological materials. The author explores this topic using the context of a former working-class neighbourhood in northern Finland that existed during the Cold War era (1947-1987). Finland offers an interesting context to examine this because of the twofold emotional frames; the Cold War and capitalism versus the nascent welfare state. The push and pull between the values emphasizing universal care and compassion against the hardline militarisation and financial competition results in accessing different and, sometimes, contradictory emotions. It also affords a gendered view into the past and such an angle could be attempted in the context of the deep past as well.

This book offers several examples on how emotions could be accessed in the deep past and draws parallels between the examples from a contemporary 'western' country and various archaeological cultures and contexts. Emotions can be a bridge to access the secrets of human behavior. Such bridging is the core strength of archaeological education, but rarely are emotions acknowledged in the process. Lastly, this book underlines the role of emotions, specifically empathy, in archaeological education and in destabilizing contemporary political notions on social norms and contracts.

This book explores the evolving role of women in Georgian society through the lens of food and cooking. Drawing on ethnographic research in Ozurgeti, it reveals how domestic practices serve as powerful expressions of female agency. From the 19th century to the post-Soviet era, Georgian women have used food to navigate socio-economic crises, reshape family structures, and preserve cultural identity. The book combines feminist anthropology and food studies to challenge assumptions about women's roles in traditional societies. By focusing on everyday acts of sustenance, it offers a nuanced view of how women actively shape both private and public life. A vital contribution to gender studies, anthropology, and post-Soviet research, this book enhances our understanding of food as a site of social change.

How do we go about creating a socially just world where we can coexist equitably? What is it like to be cognizant of human-nature family? What are the forces that compromise our humanity? Ethics of Coexistence sheds light on these questions through the activist pedagogy of ethno-photography, brought to light by female research participants in Afghanistan, India, Kenya, and Canada.

Making a case for interrelatedness and conviviality, this book foregrounds stories that have yet to be heard. Evoking a multivocality of responses, ethno-photography opens spaces for the co-construction of knowledge that does not reach a point of closure. It gently prompts us to identify spaces of intervention where we are not mere onlookers but active participants working towards transformative change; what affects "them" impacts "our" lives too.

At a time when our world is entangled in a multifaceted crisis, Ethics of Coexistence maps a pathway for a socially just world by means of civic consciousness.

This book explores what it means-and what it takes-to write ethnographic texts that resonate with both fieldwork and readers. It approaches writing as a form of embodied thinking and encourages conceptual openness and a willingness to experiment. Drawing on exemplary texts and the authors' experiences as teachers and writers, it explores the importance of attentiveness, imagination, and ethical engagement. Grounded in anthropology and phenomenology, and inspired by literature, it weaves conceptual reflection with practical guidance and literary sensibility. Throughout the book, the authors show how ambiguity, affect, and imagination can foster understanding. Each chapter focuses on a key aspect of the writing process, exploring fundamentals such as time, voice, argument, and composition. More than just a guide to writing, Resonant Ethnography is an invitation to think, feel, and imagine through writing, and to appreciate what ethnography can be in the world today.

On Dismantling Settler Colonialism challenges conventional approaches to reconciliation, urging Canadians to move away from the notion of assimilation - where Indigenous peoples are expected to conform to the values and structures of settler colonial society. Instead, this book advocates for a true reconciliation: one that fosters the creation of political, economic, social, and cultural spaces where Indigenous nations can self-govern, restore their traditional lands, and live in harmony with the earth according to their own values and beliefs.

Through deeply personal reflections on over five decades of activism in the communities of the Dene Nation, Grassy Narrows First Nation, Temagami First Nation and the Innu Nation of Labrador, John A. Olthuis shares his powerful journey of working to dismantle settler colonialism. He brings to light the many neglected blueprints for true reconciliation, including discussions of over 700 recommendations for systemic change put forth by the Penner Report, The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. This book offers a powerful exploration of how the challenging work of dismantling settler colonialism can be a transformative and deeply healing process for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples alike.

This book presents a fascinating study of the religion of minority groups living in rural areas in Yunnan province in the early twenty-first century and how they use religious rituals to show their own nationality and spiritual culture. By exploring these minority groups, e.g., the Dai, Bulang, and De'ang, the book makes a major contribution to our understanding of the relationship between religion and social functions and of the ways in which globalization and modernity are experienced at the most personal level. It provides valuable insights into how minority people negotiate sacred /secular demands and requirements, how they experience a sense of satisfaction and comfort in Buddhist temples, and how that experience shapes their sense of identity, worldview, values, and relations with others.

In closing, the book gives a voice to the experiences of Buddhists, who are one of the most important-and yet least visible-signs of religion freedom in China's reform processes. It offers a unique guide for all readers, who are interesting in oriental studies, and an ideal reference book for Anthropology and Buddhism courses at colleges and universities.

The Archaeological Challenge of Gender asks, what do we know about the relations between men and women in past societies, and on what basis is this knowledge built? Although sources of data are meagre and often indirect, this book plays particular attention to exploring gender relations in a way that acknowledges its complexity.

Contributors show how difficult questions on gender relationships in past societies are, avoiding preconceived ideas and naive reasoning. The book starts with a grounding introduction that takes readers through questions such as: what is gender archaeology? What are its objectives and methods, but also its shortcomings and dead ends? How can social anthropology contribute to our knowledge of the gender relations of disappeared societies? In what way have these real or, more often, supposed gender relations been put at the service of a discourse on the present society? Chapters then tackle specific themes using case studies from around the globe that highlight common issues, controversy and methodological problems.

Taking a critical approach and addressing the way knowledge is constructed in this field, this book is for students and researchers in Archaeology, Anthropology and Gender Studies.

This book looks at deep-seated elements of racism in Indigenous-settler relations through detailed analyses of the October 2023 Voice to Parliament referendum in Australia and its outcome---and discusses what might come next. The Voice to Parliament referendum proposed a constitutional amendment to create an Indigenous advisory body in the Australian Parliament. The referendum met with a resounding defeat. Against this background, the book analyses survey results during the referendum that asked direct questions about attitudes towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, as well as about policies and issues important to many Indigenous peoples. It situates Australia's experience in this election with other research on attitudes towards Indigenous peoples, rights, and policy issues. The book also interrogates another major survey in the lead-up to the referendum, questioning those findings in relation to racism. It looks at possible learnings for the social sciences about Indigenous politics and examines the ways in which Australian settler nationalism created obstacles to the referendum's success and considers the limits of deliberation for Indigenous political claims.

Anthropology and AI explores the complex intersection of artificial intelligence and human society through a diverse collection of anthropological and social scientific perspectives.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly accelerating and permeating the everyday lives of people around the world in ways that are full of promise, perils, and potentials. How does anthropology respond to this? This timely volume brings together twelve carefully curated chapters examining AI's many manifestations-from machine listening and engineers' philosophies to large language models and conversational agents. Curated with a broad humanistic and social scientific audience in mind but firmly rooted within broader anthropological and STS conversations about humanity and technology, the contributions are situated on a broad spectrum of approaches to artificial intelligence, spanning theoretical, empirical, and applied social scientific research.

Anthropology and AI will appeal to students and researchers across anthropology, science and technology studies, digital humanities, and computer science who are interested in critical perspectives on emerging technologies.