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This new edition provides a step-by-step guide to applying the Rasch model in R, a probabilistic model used by researchers across the social sciences to measure unobservable ("latent") variables. Although the focus is on simple R code, the book provides updated guidance through the point-and-click menus of BlueSky Statistics software.

The book covers all Rasch models frequently used in social sciences, from the Simple Rasch model to the Rating Scale, Partial Credit, and Many-Facets Rasch models. Using a pragmatic approach to model-data fit, this book offers helpful practical examples to investigate Rasch model assumptions. In addition to traditional Rasch model approaches, it introduces the Rasch model as a special case of a Generalized Mixed Effects Model. Readers will also benefit from the online support material which includes all the code used in the book in downloadable and useable files.

It also provides a comprehensive guide to R programming and practical guidance on using BlueSky Statistics software's point-and-click menus. This dual approach enables readers to experiment with data analysis using the provided data sets, enhancing their understanding and application of statistical concepts. It will be a valuable resource for both students and researchers who want to use Rasch models in their research.

Taiwan is a place of contradictions. Its successful economic and political modernization has stimulated the imaginations of most observers. Still, its nation-state status has been constricted and weakened. It covets and pursues peace, yet it is a vortex actor in global strategic/military competition. It is small, yet its importance far exceeds its size. It has long occupied a crucial place in history even though it has not sought this status, yet it appears inevitable that it will continue to do so.

Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China), Fifth Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Taiwan.

Beyond the Internet offers a philosophy of research that illustrates the benefits of broadening one's approach. The message for researchers, librarians, teachers, parents, and students is simple: The Internet is not a complete reference source and is often inaccurate. The issue is not what you cannot find on the Internet, but what you miss if you only consult the Internet. To fully investigate a subject, you need also to consult a wide range of traditional resources that have not been digitized, including documents and correspondence, government records, and holdings in private collections. Besides these sources, researchers should appreciate the benefits of interviews and on-site visits. These sources provide the threads that links our past to our present.

The book also emphasizes the difference between acquiring facts that answer a specific question and the process of analytical thinking that goes into assessing a subject. Serendipitous finds and new interpretations based on previously unknown sources require research in original materials. The author uses challenges culled from her own work in American history and as a reference book editor to illustrate the different resources described. These anecdotes lend a personal element to the highly practical advice contained in the chapters. Each chapter describes a specific resource, provides relevant case studies, and offers tips and techniques for using that resource.

This updated edition explores how the Internet has become an even more compromised tool in recent years by enabling artificial intelligence and social media to manipulate information. This book examines the need to pursue traditional research techniques and how to use them to validate information from the Internet. If you want to research such topics as the origins of terrorism, the complicated background to hostilities in the Middle East, the evolution of U.S. politics, or the decline in basic reading and math skills, you need to consult original materials. Students should learn what sources are available and how to use them so they can make informed decisions about everything from elections to foreign policy. Whatever your interests, you need to diversify your approach and go Beyond the Internet.

The second edition of Qualitative Research is a one-stop resource for all those approaching qualitative research for the first time, as well as those revisiting core concepts and issues. It presents a comprehensive overview of this rapidly developing field of inquiry, cleverly combined with practical, hands-on advice on how to conduct a successful qualitative study.

Written in an engaging and accessible style, this new edition includes updates such as further readings and case studies to help researchers to recognize developments in the field. Further updates include how to use social media in ethical and responsible ways, working with participants at a distance and the pros and cons of analyzing data online. The authors break through difficult terminology to guide readers through the choices they will face during research design, implementation, and publication. Each chapter is brought to life by relevant, real-life examples from expert researchers around the globe. Divided into seven sections, this unique text covers:

* Considering perspectives

* Acknowledging a position

* Framing the study

* Choosing a research approach

* Collecting data

* Working with data and findings

* Writing about the research

This book is enhanced with the addition of online Instructor and Student Resources including videos, diagrams, an instructor manual, PowerPoint slides and links to further resources. These can be found at: routledgelearning.com/qualitativeresearch.

This new edition is an indispensable companion and makes for ideal reading for all those involved in qualitative research worldwide.

Information literacy is a complex subject that finally arrived at the doorstep of school libraries. For decades academic researchers have been trying to capture the essence of information literacy, its educational, cognitive and civic value.
The collection of book chapters offered in We Can Teach That is a handbook that can be used as an inspiration for teaching various types of literacy: visual, digital, multicultural, health and more. The book asks important questions: When do we start teaching information literacy? How do we teach it? How does it affect our students at their education level? How does it prepare them for their post high school adult life? Does it impact their transition to college or career?
Dziedzic-Elliott and her collaborators provide a range of best practices and concepts that inspire thinking about teaching information literacy at all levels. Although written with school librarians in mind, the book can be easily adapted by teachers, school administrators and even public librarians who are looking to incorporate information literacy elements in their daily practices.
The book challenges the reader to rethink what they know about digital or tech literacy, breaks some stereotypical concepts about multicultural literacy and highlights the importance of literacies even in adulthood.

Building on the field of modern archival practice, Transmediation and the Archive explores the possibilities of archival objects. Investigating material as diverse as early modern printed books, death masks, a spirit photograph, and a manuscript choir book, this study interrogates not only what the objects are now, but also asks what they were before taking material form, and what they can become as their format is transferred to other media. Blending insights from museum, library, archives, and media studies with experiential research, Astrid J. Smith examines the activities that shape the making of heritage objects, and asks how an awareness of digitization practices can inform our knowledge of both their digital and physical form. She proposes a new methodological framework for evaluating the way materiality and media can affect our relationship with historical artefacts and book culture and demonstrates its fascinating application.

Marion K. Poetz and Henry Sauermann provide a comprehensive guide for researchers, offering structured frameworks and tools for the effective design of crowd science projects. Drawing on examples from diverse disciplines, the book demonstrates the benefits of involving crowds at every stage of the research process, while recognizing potential challenges and offering solutions. It also discusses how recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) shape the role of crowds and can enhance the effectiveness of crowd science projects. This book aims to help scientists, policy makers, and citizens understand and leverage the potential of crowd science for more impactful research.

Innovative and accessible, How and When to Involve Crowds in Scientific Research is a vital interdisciplinary resource for scholars and researchers across academia, particularly those in social, natural and technology science fields. Experienced scholars will also find the insights presented here beneficial, for their own research and as they mentor graduate students and junior colleagues in developing innovative and impactful research projects.

Geographic information systems (GIS) is a rapidly advancing field that has become thoroughly integrated into our society and inseparable from our daily lives. Today, GIS is used by professionals in many different disciplines and fields, such as public health, disaster management, law enforcement, environmental management, resource allocation, forestry, geology, and more. In this full-color textbook, author Falguni Mukherjee equips students with GIS and spatial thinking skills applicable to this wide range of disciplines and fields, preparing them for success in countless professions.
This comprehensive, grounded introduction to the basics of geographic information systems and science is written in a clear and accessible style, making the complex and sophisticated field of GIS and spatial thinking comprehensible for beginners. Up-to-date with current GIS trends and incorporating exercises using a number of GIS software, Mukherjee covers a wide array of topics, including the history of GIS, geospatial data models and analysis, projections and coordinate systems, database management systems, cartography, ethics in GIS, GIS project management principles, GIS and society, and digital transformation.
Features of this exciting, brand-new text include:
Chapter opening learning objectives to guide students' course goalsHelpful study aids such as key terms-bolded in the text and compiled both at the end of each chapter and in a comprehensive glossaryEnd-of-chapter questions and activities utilizing GIS software to promote active learning and build useful skillsA stunning full-color art program, with detailed maps, figures, tables, and photos, to engage students as visual learners

Police officers, social workers, teachers, and many other street-level bureaucrats exercise discretion in dealing with clients. In so doing, they make policy as it is experienced at the frontline. Instead of puzzling at repeated public policy implementation failures and wondering why street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) don't behave the way policy-makers expect, we need to understand the world as seen from the ground. This short and practical text explores the value of interpretive analysis for researching street-level bureaucracy.

Using Michael Lipsky's (1980) idea of SLB and connecting it to contemporary debates, Mike Rowe argues for an approach to researching SLBs that focuses on dilemmas in practice, ones that change with each policy shift, each new target, with austerity, and with new technology such that no settled state is likely. He places emphasis on the need to understand the ways SLBs respond to pressures in order to work with them and to understand what policy becomes in practice. Street-level bureaucrats and their clients are engaged in a process of sense-making.

Researching Street-level Bureaucracy is not just an essential resource for teachers and students of Master's and Doctoral programs in Public Administration, Public Policy, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, it is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the structural pressures that bear on the individual and how any change to the dilemmas confronted might play out at the street-level.

Addressing key topics and pioneering research in the field, entries are written by a wealth of leading scholars as well as government and industry practitioners. In addition to key academic topics, they cover new issues arising from the increasing popularity of behavioural insights in academia, business and policy. The Elgar Encyclopedia of Behavioural and Experimental Economics offers a multidimensional approach to this unique area of research which combines scholarly thought across many disparate fields.

Key Features:

• Discusses the ethics and academic practice of behavioural economics
• Explores applications of behavioural economics in relation to current political, economic and social issues
• Provides a range of bibliometric, biographic, historical and practitioner accounts of behavioural economics
• 122 entries summarise the latest research in the field, including topics such as individual differences and personality disorders

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Behavioural and Experimental Economics is an essential read for students, researchers and academics in the fields of economics, business and management, psychology, political science and law. It is also an invaluable reference for practitioners and industry stakeholders.

In this timely second edition, Tim Pollock draws on fiction and non-fiction writing tools and techniques to help academic authors enhance the clarity, presentation and flow of their scholarly work. With new chapters focusing on the intricacies of writing developmental reviews and dissertations, the second edition of How to Use Storytelling in Your Academic Writing provides comprehensive discussions illustrating the structural and stylistic factors involved in effective storytelling and how to apply them in writing each section of an academic article. The second edition also expands on important topics such as managing the co-authoring, writing and review processes.

This book is an invaluable resource for academics across business disciplines, particularly those in management-related sectors such as organizational behavior, organization theory, business and management history and corporate governance. It is also useful to those in adjacent social science disciplines such as sociology, psychology and economics.

Key Features:

• Examines the relationship between critical thinking and writing
• Emphasizes cognitive tasks that are inherent to good reading, writing, and thinking
• Outlines tools and methods to deepen students' understanding and enhance engagement

How to Use Writing for Teaching and Learning is an invaluable resource for faculty across the social sciences, humanities and business and management.

Interdisciplinary and comprehensive in scope, this Encyclopedia adopts a broad view towards the causes of ecological harm and the strategies we can put into action to prevent further damage. Entries explore the nature and dynamics of these crimes and critically analyse topics such as state-corporate fault and non-human victimology.

Key Features:

• Over 50 entries written by leading experts from around the world
• Addresses issues of intersectionality, power imbalances, environmental victimisation, and speciesism
• Incorporates postcolonial and feminist approaches into the study of natural resource exploitation, including crimes such as wildlife trafficking and illegal mining and fishing

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  This Encyclopedia is a crucial resource for students and researchers of sociology, criminology and environmental law, politics and policy. It is also greatly beneficial to professionals working with bodies such as INTERPOL, the UN and other international organisations, as well as non-government organisations such as TRAFFIC, Greenpeace, WWF, IUCN and Sea Shepherd.

In recent decades Intellectual Property has played a key role in our global society, facing ever growing demands and rapid change. With the steady increase of global and regional inter-connectedness the practical significance of the discipline has grown, despite its territorial roots. The number of legislative activities on the national, international and European level has also increased.

The Encyclopedia is a rich and varied resource. The topical aspects of Intellectual Property Law are presented across c.600 alphabetically arranged entries. These demonstrate the rich variety of concepts found in Intellectual Property Law around the world. National approaches to the subject are revealed in insightful detail across c.40 separate country reports.

• c.600 entries
• Entries organized alphabetically for ease of navigation
• Fully cross-referenced
• Entries written by practitioners and scholars from around the world
• World class editorial team

Written by an international collective of expert contributors, the Encyclopedia brings together a wide variety of perspectives on the diverse legal and literary traditions. Entries balance history, theory, criticism, and traditional legal categories such as defamation, equity, evidence, and trials. Topics covered include recognised areas of law such as blackmail, felonies, wills, and literature such as gothic fiction, satire, and tragedy. Recent and emerging topics include environmental personhood, Undocu Literature, and Black Lives Matter poetry.

This Encyclopedia is an invaluable resource for law students, researchers and scholars working in law or literature as separate disciplines, and in the increasingly important interdisciplinary space of law and literature.

• Over 130 wide-ranging entries
• Written in an engaging and accessible style
• Individual bibliographies for further reading
• Entries by both established and emerging scholars

Major themes in the history of finance in China reflect the persistent tension between a powerful state guiding the economy versus vibrant market forces operating according to basic commercial principles. Included is the continuity and discontinuity of financial developments in imperial and modern history; creation of a modern banking system beginning in the late nineteenth century; and emergence of complex and sophisticated financial institutions and products since the introduction of economic reforms in the People's Republic of China in 1978-1979.

The Historical Dictionary of the Financial System in China contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on important financiers, entrepreneurs, and government officials involved in finance, large state-owned banks (SOBs), state-owned enterprises (SOEs), hedge funds, exchange-traded funds, and asset-management companies. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese financial system.

Methodism, originally founded in the eighteenth century, has grown into a large and influential Protestant denomination. As of 2016, it claimed around 50 million adherents in 80 churches in more than 150 countries. Its history illuminates our understanding of modern culture, ethics, literature, politics, Christian mission, women's studies, and many related topics.

Historical Dictionary of Methodism, Fourth Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 700 cross-referenced entries on important institutions, events, doctrines, and people who have contributed to the movement and to broader society in the three centuries since it was founded. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Methodism as a global movement.

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Global Migration addresses international migration, analyzing emerging concepts such as theories and forms of migration, mobilities in action, and artivism in migratory contexts. Featuring case studies from across the globe, the entries examine the full range of key concepts and theories associated with this dynamic field, shaping a definitive reference work on human mobility, activism, and artistic practices.

Scholars and students of social sciences, cultural studies, and the arts, policymakers and activists will find this Encyclopedia to be an invaluable resource with enriching tools for teaching, learning and experimenting in a world on the move.

Key Features:

• Written by a diverse group of experts ranging from artists and curators to activists and academics
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• 195 entries presenting a full range of themes associated with the study of migration, the arts, and activism in a globalized world
• Addresses prominent issues within the topic of migration such as new forms of racism, plural modes of inequalities and mobility injustice

Bringing together a diverse array of experienced academics, industry specialists, and legal practitioners, the Encyclopedia covers contemporary topics such as the challenges the oil and gas industry faces as a result of climate change. The historical development and central elements in oil and gas law are comprehensively examined in addition to the various models and legal instruments that have been applied in different regions and jurisdictions across the globe. Through rigorous legal analysis, the book highlights the dynamic and international character of this important area of law.

This Encyclopedia is an indispensable resource for academics, researchers, and students interested in oil and gas law, energy law, environmental law, international economic law, and trade law. Policymakers, government officials, and legal practitioners will equally find this to be a fundamental reference work.

Key Features:

• 57 authors
• 108 entries
• Case studies from across the world
• Entries organised alphabetically for ease of reference
• Technical explanations of key aspects of oil and gas activities

The definitive reference work on the dynamic and evolving field of world Englishes

The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes is the first resource of its kind, providing authoritative coverage of the spread of English around the globe. Unparalleled in breadth and depth, this comprehensive reference work covers the linguistic features of geographical varieties of English worldwide and discusses critical issues, cultural-political considerations, language debates, language policies, and the sociolinguistic realities of English as an international language.

Approximately 400 original entries-presented in an accessible style and organized in an A to Z format-offer a comprehensive overview of the field. Contributions by world-renowned scholars and practitioners offer accessible definitions of foundational concepts, detailed descriptions of recent theoretical and methodological approaches, in-depth explorations of key issues and debates, and more. The entries address a broad range of basic and advanced topics, from the historical context and theories of world Englishes to cutting-edge work on endangered languages, globalization, TESOL, and translanguaging. This major reference work:

• Brings together coverage of the theories, practices, and important developments in the field of world Englishes
• Offers timely discussion of current issues, innovative research, and new approaches
• Provides an invaluable source of reference for students and researchers across many subfields of linguistics and in related fields
• Includes short biographies of leading authorities in the field of world Englishes
• Features the contributions of a large team of international experts with global views on world Englishes research

Available in print and online, The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes is an indispensable resource for undergraduate students, graduate students, scholars, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of applied linguistics, educational linguistics, English language and linguistics, multilingualism, sociolinguistics, and world Englishes.

This book presents the growing interconnection of two pillars from the world's higher education institutions: academic integrity and libraries. It provides sound examples to extant questions and conversations about whose job it is to teach academic integrity, and what library work is. The role of libraries in supporting academic integrity is not always clear and has not been fully explored.

Drawing from library literature and that of academic integrity more broadly, readers are exposed to how libraries are necessary in a holistic approach to academic integrity. Education about academic integrity and the prevention of academic misconduct, for not only students but other institutional stakeholders, are demonstrated as occurring optimally in positive, supportive, and proactive ways. The book details numerous ways in which librarians can work with faculty and other stakeholders using established frameworks such as information literacy and blended librarianship as well as innovative platforms and content.

Other contributions involve the identification of potential academic misconduct and administration of academic integrity policies to complete the cycle recommended by the frameworks of global educational quality organizations (QAA, TEQSA). Initiatives presented in the book include those at the course level and institution-wide initiatives involving curriculum, policy, and supports for faculty and students. Also contained are efforts occurring at a national level within professional networks , in addition to international library curriculum. This book provides inspiration to institutions and academic libraries of any size and scope to embrace this emerging role in creating cultures of academic integrity.

This practical guidebook presents an infrastructure for training library staff, starting with a robust onboarding process and continuing through a staff member's entire duration at an institution.

Because library services and resources can change rapidly, ongoing training is an important aspect of library operations. Training can be a particular challenge at large, multi-branch library systems, because it can be difficult to ensure all staff are able to receive the relevant information.

Written for library managers and training leaders, A Complete Guide to Training Library Staff presents a comprehensive lifecycle for staff development with a focus on tools and techniques to build a sustainable training program, set staff up for success in their positions, and develop a positive and supportive community across the library. Authors Emily Leachman and A. Garrison Libby spearheaded their library's movement to largely online trainings, which are inclusive of staff at all branch locations.

This practical guidebook helps managers and trainers develop a comprehensive plan that allows new staff to quickly become acquainted with the operations of the library, provides ongoing training to make staff aware of new procedures and services, and creates a collaborative and supportive training environment to empower staff to learn and lead.

This book focuses on information seeking and the knowledge economy for teaching and research in Africa. The book first explores the evolution and current state of information-seeking behavior research, demonstrating its importance in informing practice, policy, and design of information systems. Despite the informal sector's substantial contributions to the national economy in Uganda, there is a lack of studies delving into its information needs, as well as an information gap in government, NGOs, and other stakeholders. The book proposes that an appropriate information behavior model for information-poor communities such as informal entrepreneurs must be grounded on oral traditions and indigenous knowledge and should be sensitive to poverty, infrastructure, and illiteracy. The negative impact of the lack of financial literacy skills for women entrepreneurs is investigated and solutions for this problem are suggested, including regular assessments of women entrepreneurs' financial literacy skills and the introduction of training courses. The role of academic libraries in universities, library services for students with disabilities, and accessibility of library services to students with disabilities is discussed, and theoretical models for enhancing service in academic libraries are presented. The book highlights the specific challenges and opportunities related to information literacy for secondary schools and concludes by examining the rapid changes in library and information science research in South Africa.

Together, librarians and specialists can create experiences to reach all learners in their buildings, including those with hidden needs and talents.

While school librarians are experts at collaborating with classroom teachers, too often they overlook the specialists in their buildings as key collaborative partners.

Focusing on the many specialists who work with students, Karla Bame Collins provides information about their roles and responsibilities and discusses how school librarians can collaborate to improve learning for all students, including those with hidden needs, disabilities, and talents that are not easily detected and may go undiagnosed. Because librarians work with every student, but may not always be informed about each student's particular needs, it's important for them to know whom in the school to turn to for information. Librarians will gain ideas for working with students to provide the best possible learning environment for each.

This practical book looks at the whole school library environment-collection, instruction, space, and programming-and offers many ideas for librarians to collaborate with other educators and specialists for the good of all students.