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This volume provides an examination of the kind of free (or nearly free) libraries which were available to the general public in England and Wales in the late nineteenth century, but which were not supported by local taxation. They were effectually substitutes for municipal public libraries in areas where that sort of library provision did not exist. And they were voluntary because they did not enjoy funding from local councils but from wealthy philanthropists or from raising money themselves from well-wishers. Many of those libraries were located in cities and towns (there were many in London) but village libraries are included. Volume 2 covers Scotland and Ireland, as well as the often-ignored subject of workplace libraries.

Written in the first century and compiled in the New Testament, the letters of the Apostle Paul have served as a reservoir of divine authority for Christians. Yet from the time of their writing, experts have claimed that some letters were altered or forged. Even after centuries, and generations of critical scholarship, an authentic book of Paul's letters lacks consensus.

The Authentic Paul traces the efforts of scholars, from antiquity to the modern period, who endeavoured to make an authoritative book of Paul's letters free from textual variation and forgery. Engaging recent trends in the study of religion and book history, it challenges one of philologists' fundamental assumptions: that authenticity is an inherent property of literature that can be recovered or destroyed. Gregory Fewster draws the philology of Paul, in both its ancient and modern forms, into the wider world of critical philology and its dynamic traditions of practice. Through analyses of ancient papyri and literary texts, early print journals, and critical editions, he shows how the value of authenticity is entangled with the ways that scholars assess Paul's legitimacy and their own amid dense literary landscapes and intellectual debates.

The Authentic Paul illustrates in vibrant detail what it means - in a world full of texts - to make the letters of Paul authentic, and why practices of authentication are always culturally determined.

This Atlas of the History of Modern Science functions as a textbook to help the student, by means of diagrams and flowcharts, to better understand both science and the history of science. It thus also aids the reader to better grasp the modern worldview. Students can, at a glance, see the grand picture and orient him- or herself among different traditions and thinkers, and better organize and structure information about the history of science and the scientific developments. This atlas is an invaluable textbook to every student of science, of the history of science, as well as for others seeking to understand our modern Weltanschauung, and how we have arrived at it.

This encyclopedia volume comprehensively reflects the basic knowledge and the latest research results in the field of psychology. In this reference book, the knowledge system, basic concepts, basic theories, as well as important figures, representative works and institutions of psychology are well organized in encyclopedic entries. The whole work includes more than 1,300 entries and about 570 figures, making it a full and detailed introduction to the origin and development of psychology.

Materiality looms large in the world of archives, whether in storage, conservation, shape or materials of the records. Increasingly records are created digitally on a hitherto unimagined scale. How do born-digital records transform our understanding of the materiality of the archive? How do digital techniques provide new insights into the materiality of older archives? Archival Materialities in a Digital Age contains a series of authoritative studies by archivists and researchers who are grappling with these issues on a daily basis. The research presented in Archival Materialities in a Digital Age shows how these challenges are causing a reconsideration of archival theories and precepts while at the same time offering a huge range of opportunities to investigate archives in new and innovative ways.

Social informatics examines how society is influenced by digital technologies and how digital technologies are shaped by political, economic, and socio-cultural forces. The chapters in this edited volume use social informatics approaches to analyze recent issues in our increasingly data-intensive society.

Taking a social informatics perspective, this edited volume investigates the interaction between society and digital technologies and includes research that examines individuals, groups, organizations, and nations, as well as their complex relationships with pervasive mobile and wearable devices, social media platforms, artificial intelligence, and big data. This volume's contributors range from seasoned and renowned researchers to upcoming researchers in social informatics. The readers of the book will understand theoretical frameworks of social informatics; gain insights into recent empirical studies of social informatics in specific areas such as big data and its effects on privacy, ethical issues related to digital technologies, and the implications of digital technologies for daily practices; and learn how the social informatics perspective informs research and practice.

Social Informatics provides the first book-length overview of Social Informatic research in recent years and will be essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of information science, internet studies, emerging technologies, digital media, new media studies, computer science, the sociology of communication, and data science.

Doing a research project or dissertation can be daunting. This practical book will help you dive straight in, driving each step of the process with confidence. Packed with features to support your learning, this guidebook gives you invaluable advice at each stage, from picking a topic, designing your study and navigating ethics to collecting and analysing data then sharing your findings.

This fifth edition

• Empowers you to be critical and self-reflective when consuming and doing research, with 19 critical thinking challenges.
• Equips you with the skills to make good decisions, prepare effectively, and take charge of your own project.
• Draws on case studies of real-world research to inspire your creativity and curiosity.

This popular, down-to-earth guide is a must-have for undergraduate and postgraduate students embarking on research projects across the social sciences.

Simple. Comprehensive. Logical. This book is a companion guide for anyone completing a research project in the social sciences. It covers the whole research process, from planning, developing, collecting data, analysing data, and writing up. It will help you manage and complete your research project successfully.

It will guide you on:

-Planning your research project
-Developing data collection tools
-Analysing and interpreting data
-Presenting your research in different formats

Featuring chapter objectives, checklists, student exercises, weblinks, and further reading, this comprehensive guide ensures readers navigate the complexities of research within a manageable step-by-step framework.

Can social scientific description capture the historically individual? Is the idea of an ethically committed social science morally defensible? This book offers a critical, historically-grounded perspective on these perennial methodological and ethical problems, in their current forms. It provides a series of in-depth examinations of recent work by prominent authors in sociology and philosophy. The book draws on the thought of Peter Winch to provide a coherent response to the core issues that underlie past and present debate in social science and to provide a solid basis for future inquiry. It will be of particular interest to social scientists, philosophers, and historians, and to anyone seeking a clear grasp of the demands made by historical understanding and ethics on the study of society.

Corruption is expanding internationally and so are strategic accusations of others being corrupt. It has become quite common for some politicians and their supporters to make false accusations of corruption against opponents in order to win power. A precise understanding of the phenomenon is therefore urgently needed for economic and political governance. The phenomenon has so far been investigated from the disciplines of sociology, criminology, politics, and economics, but rarely with a focus on the actual negotiation of corrupt deals. This is mainly because access to these illegal, often discursively mediated, practices is highly complicated. Empirical studies have therefore either focused quantitatively on the number of cases that came to light or on perceptions of and attitudes towards the phenomenon.

Codes of Corruption attempts to fill this gap. It draws on a corpus of videos and audio recordings from Mexico secretly recorded by individuals who were present at the time and later uploaded to a public streaming platform. This corpus was analyzed through a variety of analytical tools to show the interactional and discursive work participants engage in to come to an agreement and, at the same time, the structural configurations that enabled, constrained, and motivated the participants. To capture these multidimensional causal configurations and avoid the pitfalls of reductionism, the theoretical and methodological framework adopted in this research is based on the philosophy of Critical Realism.

Through this innovative approach, the book aims to contribute to debates and emerging research agendas in the study of corruption and thus to further the conceptualization of the phenomenon, its causes, and potential remedies. Its results will be of interest to researchers in the above-mentioned disciplines as well as to those working in Critical Discourse Analysis, Critical Realism, Interactional Sociolinguistics, and Pragmatics. Codes of Corruption will also be of interest to a wider audience of governmental and non-governmental institutions that engage in the design of anti-corruption strategies, training, and education.

This book will walk you through every step of crafting an excellent literature review. It will show you where to find sources, how to assess their quality, and how to combine and integrate these sources into the best possible literature review. From scoping the field to searching the literature to synthesising your findings, this book hits all the spots.

Presenting a clear and detailed roadmap to ensure you don't miss a step, the book includes:

? Advice on the best ways to scan and search the literature.

? All the latest information and advice on using AI tools for searching literature.

? Case studies and real-life examples from a range of disciplines so you can learn from other researchers who have been in your shoes.

? DIY activities so you can practice your skills and get to grips with key concepts.

? Guidance on how to analyse and synthesise the findings from your literature searches.

? Advice and guidance on organising your writing.

For tutors, each chapter is accompanied by a PowerPoint presentation that will map onto a 10 or 11 week module.

Written in Gary's signature easy-to-read style, this book is an essential companion for anyone conducting a literature review in the applied social sciences.

From world-class qualitative experts comes a practical, step-by-step introduction to doing dyadic interviews. Including the perspective of both the interviewer and the interviewee, this book shows how to use this innovative interview technique to gain new insights into your research problem.

The book will also equip you with the tools and confidence to overcome potential challenges associated with the method and fully realise its advantages. The book includes:

? Real world interview extracts so you can see how techniques work in practice

? Case studies from a wide range of disciplines and contexts

? A researcher's checklist with step-by-step guidance through the whole research process

? Content covering digital methods as well as in-person interviews.

This is the definitive roadmap for conducting dyadic interviews for students and researchers doing qualitative research across the social sciences.

Dive into the world of research with this interactive puzzle book. Whether you're just starting out with research methods or looking to refresh your knowledge on the basics, this book offers a fun and engaging way to get to grips with everything research related. You'll explore key topics like variables, sampling methods, experimental design, reliability, and validity-plus so much more!

With clear, easy-to-follow explanations, you'll learn how to control variables, understand different types of data, develop hypotheses, ensure reliability and validity, and choose the right statistical tests. Each concept is paired with puzzles to help you consolidate what you've learned. And to make it even easier, each chapter has support material in the form of a helpful audio guide to walk you through the material.

This book takes a conversational approach to make learning research methods feel less intimidating, and more enjoyable! Whether you're a student or just someone interested in research, this puzzle book turns learning research methods into an engaging and fun activity.

This innovative book explores how Q methodology offers a unique way to examine subjectivity, meaning people's viewpoints, in that it both differentiates and describes viewpoints, by blending qualitative and quantitative research methods.

The book provides accurate terminology and consistent practices, with examples of using Q to study subjectivity in a variety of contexts and disciplines. The book also frames Q with its unique blending of qualitative and quantitative research aspects, from data collection to analysis and interpretation. The author aims to help readers to understand the basics of Q methodology as well as delving deeper into Q as explicated by William Stephenson in an easy to read yet accurate text in terms of processes and theoretical frameworks of Q.

This is an essential text for those interested in using Q methodology in qualitative research and mixed methods research across a range of disciplines.

A Practical Guide to Survey Questionnaire Design and Evaluation summarizes principles, guidelines, and best practices for developing and testing survey questionnaires driven and supported by theoretical and empirical research. It provides a broad overview of literature on questionnaire design, drawing on both theoretical and empirical research.

This book consists of three parts. The first covers the survey response process model, which will serve as the theoretical framework to establish the basic principles of writing different types of survey questions (attitudinal, behavioral, demographic, and knowledge). The second part of this book focuses on special topics such as sensitive questions, developing questionnaires for older adults and children, designing a paper survey, designing a web survey and optimizing for a mobile device, developing questionnaires for a multimode survey, and conducting surveys in multiple languages and cultures. The third part of this book describes methods for testing and evaluating survey questions. Topics cover focus groups, cognitive interviewing, expert review, Questionnaire Appraisal System, behavior coding, respondent and interviewer debriefing, randomized experiments, and pilot studies. Given extensive web survey coverage, we also discuss usability testing of web surveys. Finally, we present a brief overview of the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning for questionnaire development and evaluation. Suggestions for further reading, case studies, and discussion questions are included in all chapters.

This book will be of interest to those using survey methodology/questionnaires and graduate courses incorporating survey design across the social and behavioral sciences, including psychology, communication studies, nursing and healthcare research, sociology, anthropology, and education.

This book explores the ways in which mindfulness can enhance the role of the researcher in qualitative inquiry. Many qualitative method texts discuss honing self-reflexivity, developing awareness, or bracketing pre-existing knowledge. However, few texts provide a tool to learn how to exercise reflexivity, cultivate awareness, or identify biases. This book uses a tangible practice, mindfulness meditation, as a means to train and prepare researchers across disciplines to enter into the field. It is written with the novice researcher in mind, specifically those navigating a graduate program and being introduced to qualitative methods for the first time. Each chapter presents a qualitative method along with a mindfulness practice that stems from the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) philosophy and training. The reader is encouraged to complete a writing component, Mindful Memos, alongside the practice.

Doing Good Social Science takes readers on a personal and thought-provoking journey and empowers readers to become unshakeable, free-thinking scholars.

Drawing from nearly two decades of experience in research and mentorship, this book shares insights gained from creating 'immersive moments' to challenge conventional methodology and social theory. In doing so, it integrates ideas from classical and contemporary scholarship across various disciplines, bringing them to life through engaging field notes, interviews, and often humorous examples. The book outlines how to cultivate disciplined and systematic scholarship on complex topics while critiquing the 'wonky' practices that often pervade modern academia. Part One advocates for a more scientific approach to social science, offering guiding principles for scholars striving to understand social life. Part Two deepens and complicates these arguments by examining the philosophical foundations of social science, focusing specifically on the 'in-between' aspects of the human condition and our social nature. The writing and thinking in the book are distinctive, passionate and brave.

This book is a compelling read for advanced students, early career researchers, and any academic seeking to develop a more liberated, inventive approach to methods.

Do you want to study what people do, the things they say, or what they think?

Fostering inquisitiveness and ingenuity and drawing on lots of examples and experiences, it will inspire you to think afresh about the various things you might do as a social researcher.

It will also:

• Reveal the lived realities of research, sharing honest and illuminating stories along the way;
• Draw on plenty of past exercises with students to consider how different activities work
• Demystify the process so you can think for yourself about how to do effective projects.

Original, engaging and candid, this book will help any undergraduate or postgraduate navigate the dynamic and challenging landscape of social research with confidence and creativity.

Writing with Research offers readers practical guidance for managing writing and research as combined tasks. Kristen B. Neuschel and Ann Marie Rasmussen bring expert advice from their extensive experience as writers, researchers, and teachers, making this an indispensable, user-friendly guide to research-based writing.

This book describes how to launch writing and researching together and how to continue the work as an iterative, not linear, process. It explores the challenges of finding time for writing and research, and offers tips on how to make progress, even in short writing and researching sessions. It describes the steps necessary for responsible research in the contemporary digital environment, including the role Artificial Intelligence might play and how to map arguments as they emerge through writing. This book offers readers the tools to confront stumbling blocks like procrastination. It shows the benefits of building writing communities and how to make use of feedback at various stages of a project.

The short and easily digestible chapters make this a go-to resource for a wide audience, from students, professors, and scientists to professionals. Writing with Research helps all researchers find the resources they need to be successful and encourages them to think of themselves as writers, now and into the future.

Resisting Cultural Narrative Entrapment in Autoethnography delves into the nexus of cultural narratives and takes the reader on a journey through the intricate landscape of identity and cultural critique. Each chapter, enriched with dialogues with 'Ash,' our imaginary interlocutor, presents a profound exploration rooted in the philosophical fabric.

This book amplifies the discourse on ontological and epistemological reflections often overlooked in narrative autoethnography. Central to its narrative is the concept of cultural narrative entrapment, meticulously dissected to unveil its philosophical underpinnings. It focuses on probing inquiries, from the essence of resistance to cultural narrative entrapment to its pivotal role in shaping autoethnographic scholarship. Through meticulous textual 'archaeology' chapters unfold, excavating layers of literature to redefine cultural identity and narrative constructs, offering a meta-autoethnographic lens. The discourse evolves, addressing critiques and paradoxes, while inviting readers to engage with the complexities of perception, representation, and the paradoxes of emplotment. Culminating with an illuminating appendix summarising the author's extensive body of work, this book serves as a beacon for scholars and practitioners navigating the nuanced terrain of philosophical autoethnography.

This book transcends the boundaries of traditional scholarship, offering a compelling narrative that challenges conventions and ignites intellectual curiosity. It is an indispensable companion for those seeking to unravel the profound intersections of culture, identity, and philosophical inquiry.

This Sage Handbook presents an interdisciplinary collection of chapters exploring how to assess the quality of collecting and analysing qualitative data, while maintaining a focus on diversity, digital and critical approaches. The Handbook considers essential questions such as what is good qualitative research? What makes qualitative research good research? And, how can we make qualitative research better research?

Contributions come from a wide array of experts, and highlight answers to questions from various disciplinary and geographical areas; from mixed methods to multimodal and online research, from specific types of data and methods to specific target groups, and from theoretical and epistemological contexts to those where funding has an impact on how research is done and assessed.

Qualitative research has evolved in many respects in recent decades and has grown increasingly multidisciplinary. Research in general is facing new challenges around how to take diversity and decolonisation into account in what researchers do, as well as how to produce and communicate qualitative research quality. This Handbook offers a timely overview of such developments, and will support researchers involved in planning, designing, doing and evaluating qualitative research in developing an increased sensitivity for contemporary debates and challenges in the field.

Part I Philosophies and Epistemologies of Qualitative Research Quality

Part II Disciplinary Discourses of Qualitative Research Quality

Part III Qualitative Research Quality for Specific Approaches

Part IV Rethinking Qualitative Research Quality for Specific Methods and Data

Part V Rethinking Strategies for Quality in Qualitative Research

Part VI Rethinking Criteria for Quality in Qualitative Research

Part VII Extending Contexts and Challenges for Qualitative Research Quality

This is the definitive guide to doing constructivist grounded theory.

From gathering rich data and conducting interviews, to undertaking coding and writing up your study, this down-to-earth book guides you through all the steps you need to do grounded theory research.

This revised third edition:

• Showcases 9 new case studies of grounded theory research in action from scholars across the globe, including Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States.
• Enables you to see, at a glance, how each chapter will develop your understanding with new learning objectives.
• Supports you to expand your knowledge with new further reading suggestions in every chapter.

Retaining Kathy Charmaz's characteristic warm and accessible style, this book is essential reading for anyone - undergraduate, postgraduate or researcher - looking to understand and do grounded theory research.