法　学 — 全 下位分類

This book examines the evolution of international criminal procedure from the 1945-1946 Nuremberg and Tokyo trials to the present period. It is largely based on a normative-jurisprudential approach to the procedural rules, comparing both norms and case law of the relevant courts and tribunals. The book shows the possibility of classifying "international criminal procedure" as an autonomous concept and field of study, which is constantly evolving due to the interaction of different legal cultures that characterizes this subject matter and is derived from the varied procedures as established in both statutory law and jurisprudence. Far from being an autonomous entity, international criminal procedure now represents a great compromise between the legal traditions of different ICC member States. What emerges is the historical evolution of an international criminal procedure with a unique identity, a very real "third way" between the traditional dichotomy of common law and civil law, between the Anglo-Saxon and the European Roman Law-oriented legal traditions. The book will be of interest to academics, scholars, and researchers working in the areas of international criminal law, comparative law, criminal procedure, and legal history, as well as judges and international legal professionals.

This book analyzes questions of platform bias, algorithmic filtering and ranking of Internet speech, and declining perceptions of online freedom.

Courts have intervened against unfair platforms in important cases, but they have deferred to private sector decisions in many others, particularly in the United States. The First Amendment, human rights law, competition law, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, and an array of state and foreign laws address bad faith conduct by Internet platforms or other commercial actors. Arguing that the problem of platform neutrality is similar to the net neutrality problem, the book discusses the assault on freedom of speech that emerges from public-private partnerships. The book draws parallels between U.S. constitutional and statutory doctrines relating to shared spaces and the teachings of international human rights bodies relating to the responsibilities of private actors. It also connects the dots between new rights to appeal account or post removals under the Digital Services Act of the European Union and a variety of fair treatment obligations of platforms under American and European competition laws, "public accommodations" laws, and public utilities laws. Analyzing artificial intelligence (AI) regulation from the point of view of social-media and video-platform users, the book explores overlaps between European and U.S. efforts to limit algorithmic censorship or "shadow-banning".

The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of cyberlaw, the law of emerging technologies and AI law.

This unique volume presents cutting-edge research on the nature and extent of a wide range of scams, cons, frauds, and deceptive activities, including sextortion, the use of ransomware, phishing, identity theft, Ponzi schemes, online shopping fraud, gift card scams, and health care fraud targeting elderly victims. The contributions to this book raise and attempt to answer several intriguing questions:

• Why have governments in each global region failed to respond more aggressively to these crimes? What can/should the private sector and social media giants be doing?
• Can the current responses of both governments and the private sector be linked to the public's ambivalence about how to respond to these forms of offending and victimization?
• Does a large segment of the public admire individuals who get involved in these activities, in large part due to the positive portrayal of scammers, fraudsters, and con artists in both literature and cinema?
• Or does the public's view of the harm caused by these scams and cons vary, based on our view of who is victimized (e.g., individuals or corporations) and/or why they were chosen?
• Will governments - as they have done in the past - attempt to influence the public's views by restricting access to books and movies that focus on the latest scams, cons, and frauds taking place on-line and in-person via book banning and other forms of censuring?

And finally, should this discussion of the influence of books and cinema on the public's views of scams, frauds, cons, and deception be broadened to include the government's ongoing attempts to censure a wide range of books and films that may influence the public's view of morality-and more recently, the public's view of our government-due to their content?

Timely and thought-provoking, this book will be a key resource for researchers, scholars, and practitioners in criminology and criminal justice, sociology, law, psychology, and social work, while also appealing to interdisciplinary researchers seeking insight into the relationship between positive portrayals of scammers, fraudsters, and con artists in literature and cinema, and the public's perception of individuals who get involved in these activities. It was originally published as a special issue of Victims & Offenders.

Advanced GIS and Crime Analysis explores the existing spatial variability of crime committed against women in West Bengal and steadily excavates the underlying determinants accountable for specific crimes against women. The book applies GIS technologies to visualise complex crime patterns over space and suggests specific measures to curb oppression.

The book applies statistical methods and GIS techniques to visualise the vulnerable areas of crime against women in West Bengal and critically discusses emerging criminogenic issues with respect to theoretical understanding and immediate situations. The determination of the most significant crime hotspots, deliberation of substantial facts through a variety of collective socio-economic as well as environmental perspectives, and suggestive measures will assist law enforcement officials, practitioners, and policymakers in adopting immediate, effective measures.

Advanced GIS and Crime Analysis will be beneficial for students of criminology, research scholars, practitioners, urban planners, and policymakers to understand the complex crime patterns that exist in West Bengal.