社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book calls scholars to rethink health and well-being. Doing so, strikes as necessary for a number of aspects related to these topics have not yet been really addressed from a philosophical point of view. For example: can we really speak about facts related to health and well-being? If so, then are value judgments only evaluative tools and not quite inseparable from our descriptions of the world? If the answer to the first question is "no", then does the rejection of facts leads us necessarily to normative conclusions about health and well-being? In other words, is it possible to have a purely descriptive approach to health and well-being that appreciates the knowledge problems we face? While settling the above can partly refurbish the philosophical landscape, more questions are hovering and are waiting to be unpacked. Since some scholars agree that health and well-being are, one way or another, related at a normative level, then is it possible to be connected in a purely descriptive manner? If so, then what does a conceptual connection say (if anything) about the science of health and well-being? Can we arrive at a philosophical schema that entails a novel conceptualization and a theoretical approach that attempts to refine methodologies related to scientific tasks vis-a-vis health and well-being?

All these questions come to challenge one's mind while searching through the vast literature on health, well-being and on the interconnection between them and so this book is the attempt to discuss these issues and all the byproducts and the implications they carry in some detail. Upon attempting to do so, a new framework to approach health and well-being has been hopefully born. Long story short: Health and well-being are treated as conceptually indistinguishable and a model-theoretic view of health and well-being is presented and which aspires to account for the above questions and their ramifications. Drawing upon the model-theoretic view brings us in an epistemic position to better deal with pesky methodological issues such as establishing causal relations without being prone to selection bias and reversed causality problems, it fascilitates measurement of well-being and it helps improve the chances of successful diagnosis in psychiatry.

This book re-examines drug control through the lens of health and human rights. It offers the first comprehensive and systematic analysis of the international drug control regime from its inception to the present day. It traces the development of this system through a detailed examination of all major treaties, conventions, and institutional mechanisms. Written accessibly and drawing on archival research and documentary analysis, this book explores how colonial legacies have shaped international drug control, from the 1909 Shanghai Opium Commission to the present-day policies under the UN, which are discussed in relation to good health and access. It provides an in-depth investigation of the key negotiations, alliances, and geopolitical interests that have influenced drug governance, highlighting how securitisation and prohibition have often taken precedence over public health and equitable access to essential medicines. This work will be of interest to scholars and policymakers in history, international law, international relations, global governance, drug policy, and post-colonial studies. By offering an unprecedented level of detail and synthesis, it fills a critical gap in the literature and provides a much-needed reference for understanding the long-term impacts of international drug control.

This book brings together the latest research on menopause and digital health technology. It provides an overview of the emerging digital technology landscape with regards to the menopause and provides valuable insights into the role digital technology can play in supporting women through menopause. The book includes an introduction to some of the digital technologies currently supporting menopause, empirical insights into women's experiences of using digital technology to support menopause, an understanding of key features of information and support in menopause and how different platforms relate to these different features. It outlines the changing landscape of digital menopause information alongside identification of ongoing and future research considerations, alongside a critical perspective on the claims of menopause technologies and foregrounds women's experiences of menopause in relation to digital technology.

This book is about development, reform and sustainability in child protection systems. Tackling deep and enduring challenges that confront child protection and child welfare systems across international jurisdictions, the book addresses two critical questions - why is it so difficult to develop and sustain responsive systems of child protection? And what can be done to support effective system reform?

Informed by universally applied concepts of child protection typology-building within a systemic framework, this book brings together a team of international authors who take a fresh look at the concept and realities of change in country-specific child protection systems. Exploring these experiences, the editors identify three broad approaches to change: Development-Focused Change; Reform-Focused Change; and System-Improvement Change. Based on this analysis, they argue that stable and enduring solutions that are culturally responsive to the needs of diverse populations will not be found through repetitive processes of critique, review and reform. What is needed, whether the system is newly or well established, is an in-depth understanding of systemic change itself and the practical ways in which this influences a system trajectory in both positive and negative ways. This book addresses this need.

The challenging environment within which child protection exists and the significant costs of developing, reforming and maintaining child protection systems, creates a critical imperative in contemporary systems of child protection for an understanding of effective reform, and a need to learn from other systems about how effective reform can be sustained. Given the ubiquitous nature of welfare reform, there has never been a more important time to apply a systemic lens. Mapping trajectories of change, the authors of the 15 country-specific-chapters of this contributed volume provide a uniquely different approach to the task of developing, reforming and maintaining child protection systems.

Trajectories of Change in Child Protection Systems is relevant reading for child welfare policy and practice workers, managers and activists, as well as scholarly audiences and students interested in child and family welfare and children's rights.

Provides a comprehensive foundation for advancing social work practice in today's complex health care systems

Health social work stands at the intersection of healthcare delivery, social justice, and human well-being-fields that are increasingly interconnected as global health systems confront deep structural inequities. Handbook of Health Social Work, Fourth Edition, provides the theoretical grounding, practical tools, and cross-disciplinary insights needed to address these urgent challenges. Reflecting the latest developments in health policy, integrated care, and social determinants of health, the book offers a wellness-oriented, evidence-based framework for practice across a range of settings and populations.

Authored by leading experts, this fully updated edition expands on previous work to reflect the evolving realities of today's health landscape. New material explores the implications of technologies such as AI and machine learning for social work ethics and practice, health policy reforms, climate-related health impacts, and the role of social workers in responding to pandemics, political conflicts, and climate-related health crises. The Handbook also introduces critical updates on Medicaid expansion, the Child Tax Credit, and other key policy shifts, while offering fresh insights into transdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of genetic knowledge in client care.

The definitive guide to promoting health equity and improving outcomes through leadership and innovation, Handbook of Health Social Work:

• Explores social work's expanding role within transdisciplinary health care teams
• Emphasizes a wellness-based, strengths-oriented approach grounded in evidence-based models
• Discusses the interface between genetics, health, and social work practice
• Includes learning exercises, research recommendations, and life-course perspectives in every chapter

Supporting advanced study within social work, public health, and health policy programs, Handbook of Health Social Work, Fourth Edition, is ideal for master's and doctoral-level courses such as Social Work in Health and Mental Health, Clinical Practice in Illness & Healthcare, and Social Welfare Policy and Services. It is also an essential reference for social workers, clinicians, and cross-disciplinary health professionals engaged in direct practice, administration, or policy development.

This book critically examines the complex relationships between inequality, democratic forms, and social harm, asking what successful countries have in common - and why others struggle. It explores how in recent years, research into the causes of social problems has urged us to consider the broader political, economic, and social forces at play. Many policymakers, however, continue to focus on short-term solutions or demand greater personal responsibility from their citizens while downplaying the role of upstream factors like inequality and democracy. This book offers a fresh and methodologically innovative analysis of how inequality, governance styles, and other factors such as globalisation, social protection, and national income intersect to shape societies. Contributing to the fields of inequality, political sociology, and comparative social research, this volume also provides a powerful pedagogical tool by demonstrating how to replicate and extend existing empirical studies in a more complex contemporary landscape.

This book offers a multi-dimensional account of why the third sector (associations, foundations, cooperatives, social enterprises and related non-profit organizations) differs so markedly across European countries. Combining historical-institutional, political-economic, moral-cultural, legal-regulatory and structural-economic perspectives, it links values, cleavage histories, welfare-state design and institutionalized state-civil-society relations to observable national patterns of third-sector structure, function and behaviour. The volume pairs conceptual innovation with an original empirical programme (cluster analysis, multi-level modelling and policy-field case comparisons) and shows how different "third-sector regimes" arise from interactions between welfare institutions, moral logics, and economic contexts. It will be of interest to scholars and policy makers who want theory-driven, evidence-based explanations of cross-national variation in non-profit size, welfare provision by third-sector actors, organizational hybridity and the democratic role of civil society.

This book theorises how social work, as a theoretical and practical discipline, could be brought into a critical dialogue with the concept of democracy. The issue is particularly acute since anti-democratic forces are now democratically elected in several European nations, implying that social work institutions are increasingly steeped according to neoliberal and anti-democratic logic. The book elaborates on a response to this trend by showing how social work can avoid the traps of contemporary discourse by which democracy is to be protected with repressive means. In elaborating on democracy as inextricably related to justice, emancipation and equality, this book explores democracy as a liberating force much closer to the spirit and tradition of critical and radical social work. By endorsing a view of democracy as contradictory, paradoxical, and based on dissensus, this book frames social work as a democratic force in the struggle for justice and equality.

Integrating taxation and welfare, this book presents a framework for income policy design to balance equity, freedom, and efficiency. UBI from Idea to Reality outlines a policy combining three mechanisms: a prototype universal basic income (UBI), a negative income tax (NIT)-type basic income, and a universal earned income tax credit (EITC). The authors use survey and administrative data to evaluate the feasibility of this package and its effects on inequality and labor incentives. While tailored to South Korea, the methodology and theoretical framework are applicable to other national contexts.

While social oppression is typically framed in terms of prejudice and hate, D. Travers Scott contends that discrimination against marginalized groups is often rooted in a shockingly banal perspective: they simply get in the way.

Focusing primarily on disabled persons and queer persons in addition to other marginalized demographics including non-Christians and the aged, this book draws on histories and discourses of industrialization, technology, and modernist ideals of efficiency to propose a theory of discriminatory convenience.

Convenient Discrimination places representations of queerness and disability in media texts ranging from Appalachian folk songs to The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) within the context of both historic and contemporary discussions surrounding health, media, technology, and social movements to form a variety of compelling case studies. These analyses are further bolstered by Scott's own autoethnographic accounts as a queer, formerly disabled activist-scholar.

This book skillfully combines media studies and archival research to articulate a nuanced cultural politics of convenient discrimination, ultimately demonstrating the utility of inconvenience as an analytic.

While convalescence connoted a temporary experience of recuperation after a serious illness, invalidism was pictured as an ongoing-and perhaps endless-experience of ill-health. Invalids, then, were those whose conditions appeared to derive no benefit from scientific medicine's interventions. Yet nineteenth-century invalidism was not so dire a condition as this definition seems to imply. The assumption of chronicity meant that invalids were freed from what sociology has termed "the sick role," the set of obligations assigned to medical patients (the most significant of which, in Western cultures, is to try to get better). This volume explores the paradoxical freedom provided by invalidism in the nineteenth century. Under the surety of this label, middle-class invalids travelled the world, ailing soldiers insisted upon returning home, working-class sufferers abstained from strenuous work, and lay patients developed and advertised their own health regimens. Perhaps most counter-intuitively, invalidism created space for educated women to forsake household duties and take on the roles of professional writers and public intellectuals.
Freed from the scrutiny of the medical gaze, invalids were able to create distinct subcultures and communities. By highlighting not just the afflictions, but also the opportunities, of chronic ill-health in nineteenth-century sources, this volume reveals that the iconic Victorian invalid is not the isolated shut-in we so often imagine, but a dynamic figure immersed in-and contributing to-contemporary debates about health, climate, industrialization, city planning and globalization.

Across the nineteenth century, what counted as a beneficial medical intervention narrowed considerably. Diagnostic acts like listening to a patient's heartbeat or performing a physical examination became the norm for medical doctors, while physical acts of care-such as feeding a patient or listening to her stories-were gradually relegated to realms outside of effective medical treatment. Yet Victorian thinkers worried that something was lost when hospitals and
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medical practitioners forsook these kinds of pragmatic and holistic practices of care. Thus many argued that such care had a vital-even life-saving-role after the acute phase of illness had passed. Convalescent care thus supplemented scientific medicine by supplying the kind of tailored, interpersonal caregiving that scientific medicine gradually abandoned. Convalescent, or post-acute care, began when a physician stopped seeing a patient daily, and it was generally supplied by experienced women, including professional nurses, philanthropic volunteers, familial caregivers, and servants. This volume thus introduces convalescence and its caregiving practices as a way to contextualize scientific medicine and its limitations in addressing the systemic ill-health of industrialization, urbanization, and imperial expansion.
Convalescent care was not merely about physical recovery. Time and again, contemporary thinkers link the benefits of convalescence to the mental rest provided by a period of post-acute relaxation. In fact, many experts saw convalescent leisure as a key antidote to the stressors of modern life itself. Contemporary medical patients, they reasoned, needed to recover not only from their specific disease or condition but also from the systemic stressors of overwork, urban pollution, social isolation, and mental exhaustion that characterized the industrial age. Indeed, this reasoning spawned a host of philanthropic convalescent homes that extended this seeming luxurious care to work-class patients. By exploring such a nexus of issues, this volume explores precisely how common life experiences like work, stress, mental strain, leisure, and social relationships were historically stripped out of the medical purview in ways that still have repercussions for today's healthcare.

Interrogating the notion of medical knowledge and public health practices in colonial India, this volume explores the complex encounters between Western medical systems and indigenous healing traditions during British rule. The book examines how colonial medical institutions functioned as instruments of both care and control, while indigenous practices retained their relevance among the masses. Through detailed case studies including W.M. Haffkine's plague vaccine campaigns, the Rockefeller Foundation's public health interventions, and the evolution of medical research under colonial constraints, the book reveals the multifaceted nature of medical encounters at various sites between 1820 and 1920. The analysis extends to examining the Indian Medical Gazette as a mirror reflecting contemporary medical debates, the contours of medical research in a colonial laboratory, and comparative perspectives from other colonies in Southeast Asia and East Africa. The work demonstrates how medical knowledge became a contested terrain where scientific advancement, colonial politics, and indigenous resistance intersected.

This book will be of significant interest to historians of medicine, colonial studies scholars, public health professionals, sociologists, and policy planners seeking to understand the historical foundations of contemporary medical systems in South Asia. It offers valuable insights for postgraduate students and researchers in medical history, colonial history, public health, and South Asian studies.

The first study of hip-hop and aging, featuring insights from over twenty hip-hop pioneers and veterans.

Hip-hop is now in its sixth decade. How are the culture's oldest innovators aging in, and with, hip-hop? In In Old in the Game, Murray Forman examines how hip-hop artists, audiences, and entrepreneurs negotiate the cultural process of aging.

Featuring commentary from hip-hop pioneers Grandmaster Caz, Grandwizzard Theodore, and Sha-Rock as well as veterans like Chuck D, LL Cool J, Ice-T, Pepa, and Yo-Yo, Forman reveals age as an essential component of identity and a mode of expression through which hip-hop-identified heads comprehend the world and present themselves. The book covers themes of generational difference and dissonance, ageism, memory and nostalgia, and retirement and death and offers a new way of understanding hip-hop as generations of hip-hop elders come of age, mature, and learn to grow old within the culture.

This volume engages with disability heritage as a participatory, political, relational, and unfinished practice, linking the preservation of the past to lived experience in the present as well as imagined futures. Contributors examine how disability reshapes what counts as heritage, who it is for, and how it is made, and demonstrate ways to transform institutional as well as community-based approaches.

Contributors from Ireland, Germany, Australia, the UK, Sweden, Japan, Poland, Romania, Belgium, Italy, and The Netherlands apply concepts from critical disability studies and disability history to explore participatory, activist, and decolonial practices that challenge ableist structures. Written in an accessible way and drawing on case studies from performance, museums, (digital) archives, landscapes, and architecture, chapters demonstrate how disability is embedded in histories yet rarely acknowledged as a constituting force within them. Positioning disability as integral to heritage-making, the authors show how disability actively shapes archival research, heritage practices, and what can be remembered. Topics include integrating disability perspectives in heritage education, redesigning recruitment and career trajectories, the challenges and benefits of working both within and outside of established institutions, strategies for reinterpreting objects including embodied and sensory methods, and collecting intangible heritage.

The book is aimed at scholars and students in heritage, museum, archival, disability, cultural and historical studies, as well as practitioners, policymakers, and activists. It offers conceptual tools and grounded examples for engaging disability heritage not as a bounded and stable field or object, but as a relational practice that demands attentiveness to friction and difference.

AI for Healthcare provides a comprehensive, evidence-based guide to how artificial intelligence is transforming medicine. Structured in three parts, the book first demystifies core technologies (machine learning, deep learning, large language models, and AI agents) through concrete clinical examples.

It then examines real-world applications already deployed in hospitals worldwide, including diagnostic imaging, predictive medicine, connected health, digital mental health therapies, AI-powered disability assistance, and hospital operations optimization.

The final part addresses the conditions for responsible implementation, including ethics, trust-building, cybersecurity, and regulatory frameworks. Each chapter is enriched with exclusive interviews featuring physician-researchers and technology leaders from institutions such as Stanford, Harvard, and MIT, as well as operational case studies from innovative technology companies and clinics.

The book bridges the gap between technical possibility and clinical reality. It is written for healthcare professionals, hospital decision-makers, health technology leaders, researchers, and policymakers who need to understand, evaluate, and act on AI within their organizations. Readers will gain a clear, jargon-free understanding of what AI can and cannot do today, the critical questions to ask before any deployment, and a practical framework for successfully implementing AI while keeping patients at the center.

In the United States, childcare is presented in law and policy as a matter of "parental choice." Mothers, however, experience it differently. Instead of empowering families, childcare today often functions as an "invisible system" or a missing market-and one in which mothers find few good options. Yet because most mothers are also employed, they must still find a way to make do.

Based on years of ethnographic and administrative research, sociologist Jennifer Woltil Bouek explores how mothers search for, secure, and maintain care for their children within this complex organizational field-and the heavy costs they bear in the process. Her work illustrates just how the American childcare system sorts and stratifies, leading to disparate (and sometimes surprising) outcomes. Grounded in personal narratives drawn from a diverse sample of mothers, childcare providers, bureaucrats, and policy advocates, Everything Is Broken tells a striking story of access and exclusion from the inside out.