社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book investigates the mixed economy of welfare that assisted socially marginalised people in interwar Europe, namely the state, local authorities, and a combination of voluntary and informal actors. While literature has traditionally emphasised the key role of the state, the cooperation between public authorities and private actors has always been a staple of social policy in Europe throughout history. The interwar years prominently featured these entanglements between the increased public sphere of action and the voluntary sector. Focusing on three thematic areas: warfare and its effects; boundaries of aid and institutional segregation; and gender and religion, the authors present case studies from various European countries between 1919 and 1939. All contributions explore the variegated world that composed the so-called mixed economy of welfare. By shifting the emphasis to the collaborations and frictions between social marginals, non-state actors, and public authorities on a local, national, and transnational level, the book challenges too simplistic distinctions between public and private initiatives and reveals the cultural, political, and practical common traits that featured in European care for marginals across a variety of geographical variations and socio-political contexts.

Chapter(s) "Rescuing Endangered Girls: The Yugoslav Experience in a Comparative View." is/are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via Springerlink.

This book offers comprehensive analysis for individual cases of poverty alleviation to facilitate respective in-depth key learnings and an overview of poverty alleviation strategies carried out in China. Best practices were selected from representative cases in China to demonstrate the development of different approaches in the poverty alleviation journey with collective stakeholders' efforts - Government, Industry, Academia, and Research, plus the local stakeholders engaged in the rural development activities. Overseas cases are referenced to show the outcome of similar strategies as comparison with the consideration of regional specific conditions.

Through better understanding of the focal issues, areas and organizations - and their respective key challenges and solutions - there is the compilation for each case its analysis, comparative studies and SDG relevance. These aim at engaging the readers from institutes, governments, corporates, or social enterprises, to think about how to adopt the related SDG strategies. They also serve as the initiatives to facilitate potential cross-region and cross-disciplinary collaboration.

The book acts as the guide on how:

- Poverty Reduction is one of the key goals in SDGs - while solving this key challenge, multiple goals could be planned and tackled together to make an effective solution.

- Multi-disciplinary strategies are put in place, demonstrated via success stories and best practices. Key driving factors are identified with the consideration of the driving organization nature.

- A system could be developed to engage different stakeholders in the society for industry development - and to avoid returning to poverty in the long term.

- Future international cooperation could be facilitated to create a poverty alleviation framework applicable across different regions.

This book explores the stress faced by public safety professionals across an array of occupational fields, such as police, correctional officers, paramedics, and firefighters.

Bringing together leading scholars from around the world, it showcases cutting-edge quantitative and qualitative research from across three continents and multiple regions within six countries, introduces key concepts related to occupational and organizational stressors, and provides an overview of the state of current research in key topic areas. Those who have yet to be exposed to the concepts associated with occupational stress injuries, or to the range of theories and methodologies, will be provided with an informative introduction to this topic. It explores the state of current literature on this topic, identifies gaps in our knowledge and approaches to understanding the relationship between occupational stressors and different outcomes, and provides potential responses for reducing or ameliorating occupational stressors experienced by public safety personnel.

Aimed at students, academic researchers, public safety practitioners, law enforcement analysts, and public policy-makers, this book will appeal to readers who have some knowledge in this area and are interested in learning more about new and emerging research, as well as those who are well-versed on this topic.

This book focuses on injustices that have taken place to deaf people and the sign language community in Finland from 1900.

For decades, memories and stories about past injustices have been passed down from one generation to another among deaf people and the sign language community. This research explains this history from the perspective of deaf people and their community and contributes to the truth and reconciliation process of the Finnish Government with the community, which is globally the first of its kind.

Using participatory research methods, it is relevant for Disability Studies, Social Work, and Human Rights Studies, Political Science and History.

The COVID-19 pandemic radically altered the everyday worlds of children, young people and families. Exploring their experiences and practices of care during this period, Care and Coronavirus: Perspectives on Childhood, Youth and Family brings developments in the field of Childhood Studies into productive dialogue with care to forge new ways of thinking through care and childhood.

Split into five sections, each bookended with a practitioner reflection, the chapters discuss how the pandemic engendered and necessitated novel forms of caregiving and experiences of receiving care. Highlighting changes to everyday norms and routines, contributors focus on diverse spaces of care and incorporate perspectives from children, practitioners, policymakers and academics. Investigating early childhood systems of care, children and young people's health and wellbeing, parents as subjects and recipients of care, schooling as care and young people navigating care and control beyond school, authors offer key reflections for thinking through these experiences during the pandemic, challenging the inequalities and commodification of care that was revealed in these times.

Arguing that COVID-19 heightened the attention paid to care and the ways in which care is vital for the maintenance of ourselves and the world around us, Care and Coronavirus calls for a reflection on the failures and successes of care during the pandemic and in its aftermath so that we can plan for a more caring future.

This timely volume is a novel and important contribution to scholarly literature on gender and tourism entrepreneurship, utilising feminist and post-colonial frameworks to interrogate the role of social policies in facilitating inclusive tourism entrepreneurship.

Drawing on contributions and case studies from across the Global South and Global North, this multi-disciplinary collection identifies how regional variations in governance and policy influence the experiences and potentialities of tourism entrepreneurship as a promised avenue for inclusive growth for marginalised identities. Problematizing universalised constructions of entrepreneurs as necessarily masculine, western, and driven only by economic imperatives that seek to fix and dislocate entrepreneurial support, this volume takes focus with place-based approaches to explore the intersections between identity, tourism entrepreneurship and social policy. It is this geographically informed perspective that seeks to account for the complexity of entrepreneurial experience, and the role of social policy within this, that constitutes an original contribution to the field. The focus on gender and social policy reflects the increasing importance of tourism entrepreneurship within the context of the UNWTOs Sustainable Development Goals.

This book will be a pivotal resource for students, researchers, academics and policy makers in tourism, gender studies, development studies, sustainability and business.

The last decade has witnessed continuous development in the field of public health nutrition, especially in terms of a shift from 'what' to "how".

This book explores the intersection of nutrition and public health to analyze the impact of dietary choices on communities and individuals. It includes chapters detailing important concepts such as food-agriculture, food systems, dietary diversity, food fortification, water-sanitation, and conditional and non-conditional cash, which are essential in keeping the readers updated with the recent information and critical for developing an understanding of public health. The subject matter of this book includes:

• Universal Salt Iodization (USI) and Double Fortified Salt
• Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in young children
• Leveraging agriculture for nutrition
• Nutrition-sensitive food systems
• Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)

This book integrates the concept of healthcare with larger social determinants such as caste, class, gender, religion, and ethnicity. It presents a history of the development of health services, discusses the recommendations of the landmark report of the Bhore Committee that laid the foundations of the public health services in independent India, and traces the evolution of this system through social, economic, and political structures. The subject matter of this book also includes:

• The Play of Religion in the Delivery of Rural Health Care
• Of the Relationship Between Population and Development
• Pay for Performance Programmes in Health Care

Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)

This book explores the intersection of nutrition and public health to analyze the impact of dietary choices on communities and individuals. It details evidence-based strategies, global health challenges, and nutrition-sensitive issues to cover the important aspects of nutrition, which are essential for developing an understanding of public health. The subject matter of this book includes:

• Nutrition epidemiology for developing countries
• Nutrition care of adolescents
• Dual nutrition burden in women
• Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
• Nutrition for the elderly

Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)

Taking a narrative approach, this book explores the role of disclosure in sexual abuse recovery for women survivors of child sexual abuse.

Drawing on longitudinal research with sexual abuse therapists and de-identified cases drawn from her clinical practice, Pack emphasises the unique value of both a narrative and life course approach to the topic of sexual abuse recovery. The book explores the ages and stages of life as triggering new challenges to adapt to for adult women survivors, evoking the need to develop new ways of acting and being in the world. Conceptualising disclosure as a process that occurs in relationship with the person disclosed to, it highlights the importance of the quality of the relationship between the survivor and the person confided in and previous disclosure attempts. Further, the chapters outline individual, contextual and environmental factors that impede or facilitate disclosure, as well as different verbal and non-verbal forms that disclosure can take.

With a focus on the Australasian context, this book is a resourceful guide for mental health professionals and practitioners who work in the field of sexual abuse recovery, as well as those who work with women in refuge situations and other health and wellbeing services.

Decades of demographic studies and applied efforts have convinced scholars, students, and social workers that young people coming of age and transitioning out of the foster care system face great challenges in health, education, income, and general well-being. Despite the wealth of research on these outcomes, we know much less about the lived experiences of young people leaving foster care.

Aging Out of the Foster System: Youths' Perspectives adds to this narrative the personal experiences of young people who are aging out or have aged out of their child welfare placement. The authors center the stories of these young people and apply critical ethnographic methods to frame their accounts with attention to the encounters within which they were produced, including power imbalances, institutional contexts, and relational dynamics.

By centering the experiences of youths in these contexts and attending to the larger forces at work, this book helps connect the dots between youth aging out of the foster care system, social workers in Independent Living Programs, and the professors and scholars teaching the next generations of professionals working to support the aging out process.

This book considers how basic income could be used as a mechanism for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in African agrarian societies.

African agrarian societies are among those most severely impacted by disasters due to insufficient financial and technological resources to prepare for and respond to crises. This book argues that hazards and environmental disasters are increasingly not isolated occurrences, and the vulnerability of communities is cumulative event after event, with capacities to cope and adapt weakened progressively. With pre- and post-disaster operating as a single continuous process, basic income could provide communities with a stable flow of money, leaving them better able to adapt and respond to crises. To illustrate the theoretical framework, the book uses Mozambique, and more specifically the district of Buzi, as an instrumental case study.

This innovative book will be of interest to readers across the fields of global development, African studies and humanitarian and disaster studies.

Capitalism and its many manifestations have a marked impact on the way care and compassion are defined and experienced internationally. Addressing a gap in the examination of market-centric and individual-focused aspects of care, this volume of International Perspectives on Equality, Diversity and Inclusion brings together interdisciplinary insights from across the social sciences to enrich the debate in the field of business and management around the treatment of care, compassion and capitalism.

Considering different care arrangements such as parental care, elder care, care of youth and community and self-care, chapters investigate how capitalist ideologies impact markets, organisations, relationships and labour.

Calling for a 'responsibilisation' to curb the corrosive impact of the current market, Care and Compassion in Capitalism offers not only a critique of the capitalist condition but also interrogates the extent to which it is possible to tame and overcome the power inequities induced in the interplay of care, compassion and capitalism.

Covering a range of important social theorists - from W.E.B. Du Bois to Judith Butler - this accessibly written textbook encourages critical thinking and critical approaches to social work, providing an entry point for anyone interested in thinking theoretically about practice.

Key features include:

*essential terms explained throughout;

*end-of-chapter prompts to promote further thinking from students;

*suggestions for further reading complete with commentary; and

*companion website with links to videos, a lesson plan and additional resources.

Written for introductory audiences and experts alike, this book will appeal to students studying social work or other related social and allied professions at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, as well as practitioners engaged in professional development.

This book provides a thorough exploration of the intersection between gender-based healthcare disparities and the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). It covers a wide range of topics from fundamental concepts to practical applications.

Transforming Gender-Based Healthcare with AI and Machine Learning incorporates real-world case studies and success stories to illustrate how AI and ML are actively reshaping gender-based healthcare and offers examples that showcase tangible outcomes and the impact of technology in healthcare settings. The book delves into the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI and ML in healthcare and addresses issues related to privacy, bias, and responsible technology implementation. Empasis is placed on patient-centered care, and the book discusses how technology empowers individuals to actively participate in their healthcare decisions and promotes a more engaged and informed patient population.

Written to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and highlight the importance of cooperation between health professionals, technologies, researchers, and policymakers, this book portrays how this collaborative approach is essential for achieving transformative goals and is not only for professionals but can also be used at the student level as well.

This book explores the historical perspective of food security, women's access to food, malnutrition and obesity among women, and household food security to present an analysis of women's nutrition in developing countries. It also includes a chapter detailing the history of slums - based on the narratives of the key informants. This chapter focuses on the interlink ages between the household food security variables and their temporal relationship with the nutritional status of women in slums of Ghaziabad. The subject matter of this book also covers:

• Food Security in an Urban Poor Context
• Socio-Ecological Perspective on Food Sufficiency
• Inequalities and Caste Discrimination
• Quest for Determinants of Household Food Security

Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)

In this book, Sally King interrogates the diagnostic label of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) to expose and challenge sexist assumptions within medical research and practice. She powerfully demonstrates how the concept of the 'hormonal' premenstrual woman is merely the latest iteration of the 'hysterical' female myth. By blaming the healthy reproductive body (first our wombs, now our hormones) for the female-prevalence of emotional distress and physical pain, gender myths appear to have trumped all empirical evidence to the contrary.

The book also provides a primer on menstrual physiology beyond hormones, and a short history of how hormonal metaphors came to dominate medical and popular discourses. The author calls for clinicians, researchers, educators and activists to help improve women's health without unintentionally reproducing damaging stereotypes.

While responses to the Covid-19 pandemic varied based on the timing of the onset of cases and the severity of the disease, Perceptions of a Pandemic analyzes and compares the perceptions and attitudes of citizens in the US and Finland during the pandemic's early stages and relates these to health and wellbeing outcomes after the pandemic ended.

With findings based on rich survey data from 1,500 Americans and 1,500 Finns, this study provides a unique contrast between systems of government, welfare approaches, levels of trust, and other factors that shape the citizenry's relationship with their government and social institutions across continents. What behaviors - from teleworking to media consumption to mask wearing - changed? What attitudes, such as trust in institutions and confidence in science, patterned these behaviors and any changes that occurred in them? How were these factors reflected in opinions on related policies?

Bridging sociology and public policy, this deeply insightful work challenges us to confront the issues and challenges that we need to consider before the next global health crisis emerges.

The COVID-19 pandemic took many by surprise when it arrived in Britain in early 2020. Daily lives changed dramatically from March with the introduction of unprecedented restrictions and lockdowns. How did people react?

This book draws on the diaries of 68 men and women aged 70 and above, capturing their thoughts and experiences over the following months. Although these older diarists considered themselves among the more fortunate at the time, their entries reveal both highs and lows. There were anxieties and frustrations but also much positivity and, often, a reluctance for an over-hasty return to pre-pandemic times.

Through these personal and contemporaneous accounts, the book offers a unique contribution to our understanding of the pandemic and its significance in modern social history.

Child protection systems across the globe are developing at pace, each reflecting their unique economic, social, and cultural contexts.

This book provides an overview of 11 child protection systems from low- and middle-income countries and discusses the formal and informal responses countries are making to the shared problem of child abuse and maltreatment. Within each chapter, vignettes give readers a window into how each country's child protection system operates in practice.

This is essential reading for academics, social work professionals and anybody working within child and family welfare.

Educational opportunities for disabled children remain a vital contemporary issue in British social policy. This new edition of the milestone book Education, Disability and Social Policy outlines critical debates in education concerning the position and experiences of disabled children and young people within a contemporary policy context.

Incorporating new voices from leading thinkers, this second edition includes a fresh introduction and updates to key chapters, including whether the Children and Families Act (2014) resolved tensions between parents and local authorities over resources, and proposals for a whole-school, strengths-based approach to social, emotional and mental health difficulties. In addition, it includes a new discussion on the intersection of race and disability.