社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

A chronicle of ableism and disability activism in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic
How to Be Disabled in a Pandemic documents the pivotal experiences of disabled people living in an early epicenter of COVID-19: New York City. Among those hardest hit by the pandemic, disability communities across the five boroughs have been disproportionately impacted by city and national policies, work and housing conditions, stigma, racism, and violence-as much as by the virus itself. Disabled and chronically-ill activists have protested plans for medical rationing and refuted the eugenic logic of mainstream politicians and journalists who "reassure" audiences that only older people and those with disabilities continue to die from COVID-19. At the same time, as exemplified by the viral hashtag #DisabledPeopleToldYou, disability expertise has become widely recognized in practices such as accessible remote work and education, quarantine, and distributed networks of support and mutual aid. This edited volume charts the legacies of this "mass disabling event" for uncertain viral futures, exploring the dialectic between disproportionate risk and the creativity of a disability justice response.
How to Be Disabled in a Pandemic includes contributions by wide-ranging disability scholars, writers, and activists whose research and lived experiences chronicle the pandemic's impacts in prisons, migrant detention centers, Chinatown senior centers, hospitals in Queens and the Bronx, subways, schools, housing shelters, social media, and other locations of public and private life. By focusing on New York City over the course of three years, the book reveals key themes of the pandemic, including hierarchies of disability "vulnerability," the deployment of disability as a tool of population management, and innovative crip pandemic cultural production. How to Be Disabled in a Pandemic honors those lost, as well as those who survived, by calling for just policies and caring infrastructures, not only in times of crisis but for the long haul.

Disorder and Diagnosis offers a social and political history of medicine, disease, and public health in the Persian Gulf from the late nineteenth century until the 1973 oil boom. Foregrounding the everyday practices of Gulf residents-hospital patients, quarantined passengers, women migrant nurses, and others too often excluded from histories of this region-Laura Frances Goffman demonstrates how the Gulf and its Arabian hinterland served as a buffer zone between "diseased" India and white Europe, as a space of scientific translation, and, ultimately, as an object of development.

In placing health at the center of political and social change, this book weaves the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula into global circulations of commodities and movements of people. As a collection of institutions and infrastructures, pursuits of health created shifting boundaries of rule between imperial officials, indigenous elites, and local populations. As a set of practices seeking to manipulate the natural world, health policies compelled scientists and administrators to categorize fluid populations and ambiguous territorialities. And, as a discourse, health facilitated notions of racial difference, opposing native uncleanliness to white purity and hygiene, and indigenous medicine to modern science. Disorder and Diagnosis examines how Gulf residents, through their engagements with health, fiercely contested and actively shaped state and societal interactions.

Essential essays on the environmental impacts of factory farms on public health.

The rapid-and relatively recent-concentration of food animal production into factory farms makes meat plentiful and cheap, but this type of agriculture comes at a great cost to human health and the environment. In Industrial Farm Animal Production, the Environment, and Public Health, editors James Merchant and Robert Martin bring together public health experts to explore the most critical topics related to industrial farm animal production.

The environmental impacts of these concentrated animal-feeding operations endanger the health of farm and meatpacking workers, neighbors, and surrounding communities. Factory farms create public health hazards such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock, as well as water polluted with nitrates, microbes, and other harmful chemicals. Despite the clear need for greater worker protection and oversight to mitigate the environmental harms of these practices, factory farms are notoriously difficult to regulate. Industrial animal operations are located predominantly in rural areas, often next to poor communities and communities of color. Food companies have driven independent producers nearly to extinction, sapped the economic vitality of rural communities, and amassed sweeping political influence at both the state and national levels to effectively prevent mitigation efforts.

Essays in this volume cover pertinent topics such as the history, structure, and trends in the factory farming industry; water and air pollution; infectious disease health effects; community and social impacts; environmental justice and sustainable agriculture; and the impacts of COVID-19 among meatpacking workers.

The riveting account of how asymptomatic transmission drove COVID-19's global spread and catalyzed interventions to control it.

Why was COVID-19 so difficult to contain and so devastating to people and economies worldwide? In Asymptomatic, author Joshua S. Weitz explains how silent transmission enabled COVID-19's massive and tragic global impact.

Weaving the science of viral infections together with an insider's look at response efforts, Weitz guides readers through the shockwaves of successive epidemic waves as public health officials and academic research teams confronted the rise and risk of what was then a burgeoning global pandemic. The discovery of asymptomatic spread also fueled competing narratives: either COVID-19 was about to dissipate as quickly as it had emerged or completely disrupt life as we knew it.

Weitz, a physicist-turned-biologist who directs a quantitative viral dynamics research group and has been immersed in COVID-19 response efforts, explains both why and how scientists tried to wade through competing narratives and warn the public of COVID-19's profound risk. As explored through a careful analysis of local outbreaks, accessible descriptions of virus dynamics, and the use of predictive models to guide response efforts, Asymptomatic provides readers a unique look into the secret ingredient that allowed COVID-19 to spread across borders and the high-impact interventions needed to fight it and future pandemics.

Can one city's solutions to homelessness help the United States face the issue nationally?

The United States grapples with a solution for the unhoused by employing a patchwork of uneven rhetoric and policy. How can policymakers and public health professionals address this urgent problem in more innovative and sustainable ways? In Way Home, Josephine Ensign explores the contemporary landscape of homelessness by focusing on Seattle in King County to assess how their innovative local solutions can be scaled up nationally.

From consumer-led shelter programs to the expansion of the Housing First model of care, Seattle-King County is a leader in this area. Ensign assesses the effectiveness of policies such as child tax credits, rental subsidies, eviction moratoriums, and programs for vehicle residents. As an expert in the field who has also experienced homelessness, Ensign draws from an extensive oral history project to share poignant firsthand accounts that inform and enrich her storytelling. This narrative incorporates human rights, support services, public health issues, and a path forward that acknowledges the true realities of people living unhoused.

Amid the rapidly evolving public health and political landscape accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, Way Home deepens our understanding of the historical roots of homelessness and highlights innovative public policy and program efforts at the national, state, and local levels to address it.

This book examines jurisdictional differences in the role of the principle of the welfare interests of the child in common and civil law and focuses on differences within these two legal traditions.

By identifying and analysing the functions of the principle both in the public and private sector of family law, the book compares and contrasts different jurisdictions and assesses their capacity to implement children's welfare interests and rights. Covering a variety of topics including child abuse and neglect, state care, adoption and reproductive rights and family breakdown, the book demonstrates how welfare interests and rights can be balanced to create a coherent framework for family law.

In addition to providing an up-to-date digest of cases and legislation, the book will be of interest to researchers in the field of child welfare and family law.

Explores the ways welfare recipients lack adequate political representation
Who deserves public assistance from the government? This age-old question has been revived by policymakers, pundits, and activists following the massive economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anne Whitesell takes up this timely debate, showing us how our welfare system, in its current state, fails the people it is designed to serve. From debates over stimulus check eligibility to the uncertain future of unemployment benefits, Living Off the Government? tackles it all.
Examining welfare rules across eight different states, as well as 19,000 state and local interest groups, Whitesell shows how we determine who is-and who isn't-deserving of government assistance. She explores racial and gender stereotypes surrounding welfare recipients, particularly Black women and mothers; how different groups take advantage of these harmful stereotypes to push their own political agendas; and how the interests and needs of welfare recipients are inadequately represented as a result.
Living Off the Government? highlights how harmful stereotypes about the race, gender, and class of welfare recipients filter into our highly polarized political arena to shape public policy. Whitesell calls out a system that she believes serves special interests and not the interests of low-income Americans.

This important volume provides not only an in-depth analysis of those risk communication strategies currently used to inform and educate the public about key health issues, but also the risks and effects of radon, a natural but carcinogenic gas that so far has seen relatively little wider coverage.

As the leading cause of lung cancer worldwide after smoking, radon is an important yet hidden public health issue, but informing and educating the public about its hazards and dangers is far from straightforward. As well as offering a detailed overview of issues around radon itself, the book asserts that public health communication should be dialogic and interactive, culturally tailored to specific populations to ensure people comprehend and appreciate the risk to themselves and their environments. The challenges are, of course, significant in a pluralistic media landscape where disinformation and misinformation threaten the integrity of any message sent.

Featuring chapters from researchers across a range of disciplines, this enlightening book will interest students, scholars and professionals working in Public Health, Environment Health and Communication Studies.

Although considered an isolated event, the Italian government's initial resistant response to COVID-19 has deep historical roots. This is the first interdisciplinary book to critically examine the ongoing phenomenon of disguising contagious disease in Italy from Unification to the present.

The book explores how governments, public opinion, social entities and cultural production have avoided or sublimated contagion during cholera, typhoid, syphilis, malaria, HIV and COVID-19 to impose narratives of the nation's healthy body in Italy and its colonies. Examples range from a tuberculosis sanatorium in Capri that masked as a luxury hotel and hideaway for queer couples to an obscure but talented professor who found a new cure for syphilis; from denial of disease in governmental actions to sublimated representations in Italian art, literature and films such as Luchino Visconti's cinematic adaptation of Thomas Mann's Death in Venice to a sociological study of the need to include fragile figures based on the lessons of COVID-19.

Intended for scholars, students and general readers interested in the history of medicine, political and cultural history, and Italian studies, this volume shows how contagious diseases clash with the official narrative of emerging modernized urban settings and challenge the desire for political and economic stability.

This new edition of Viral Pandemics illuminates how the increasing emergence of novel viruses has combined with intensifying global interconnectedness to create an escalating spiral of viral disease. It includes an introduction to the key characteristics of viral pathogens that make them so dangerous followed by a comprehensive survey of epidemic viral disease from 1900 to the present.

Now featuring new chapters on COVID-19 and mpox, the book uses an historical narrative to follow the path of each virus from its original detection to its emergence as an explosive pandemic. This allows readers to appreciate the biologic potential of the virus, the dynamics of epidemic disease spread, and the contemporaneous abilities of medicine and science to contend with the pathogen. In parallel, the book discusses those elements of connectedness that enable a localized disease outbreak to become a global pandemic, allowing readers to appreciate the increasingly critical role that human activity plays in global disease. In the last two chapters, the authors take a different approach. A Look Back critically evaluates the response to COVID-19 against the history of the emergence of public health in response to several other modern global pandemics and identifies some lessons we can still learn to improve our response to future pandemics. A Way Forward integrates the biologic and environmental factors that emerged as critical in the analysis of all the pandemics in the book and then uses this composite picture to propose ways to interrupt the escalating cycle of viral pandemic disease.

Written in a straightforward and accessible style, this book is ideal reading for students of public health and its history, the history of medicine and medical anthropology, as well as general readers keen to understand how viral pandemics have shaped, and continue to shape, millions of lives.

This book develops a care justice framework to critique and disrupt current policies and reframe a policy blueprint for elevating a just organization of care for unpaid family caregivers and underpaid home care workers assisting older adults. In doing so, Hooyman invites readers to envision a society that fully values the essential work of care.

The book is distinctive in its analysis of the interrelationships among both types of care laborers, who often face structural constraints on their decision to care and whose work is devalued and marginalized. Their care work affects every member of society, but it is generally invisible to others, and its economic value is rarely recognized by policymakers. How care work is organized and unrewarded typically has the most financial, physical, and emotional costs for women, people of color, and immigrants across the life course. Inequities for care workers by race, immigrant status, class, and sexual orientation are rooted in systemic racism, sexism, classism, xenophobia, and homophobia. In this book, policy priorities and change strategies are reframed to attain the six core components of a care justice framework, which include fundamental structural changes to elevate care work, ensure meaningful choice to care, and reduce systemic inequities faced by care workers. This framework is informed by feminism, Black feminism, intersectionality, and care theory. By conceptualizing care justice, the author aims to stimulate new discourse and action related to the care of older adults - the most important work in society - and make the seemingly unattainable attainable.

This timely book will be salient to anyone committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion and with an interest in policy, gerontology, disability studies, ethnic studies, feminist studies, social justice, social work, and social welfare.

Addressing the fact that under-representation has been a concern for medical educators, medical councils, and the government for some time, this book presents the first evidence-based monograph for pedagogies that can be applied to all aspects of widening participation, tackling chronic under-representation in medical settings.

Discussing implications that have international ramifications for the field, the chapters showcase a variety of case studies, research, and evaluations that draw on experiences and insights from a wide range of current practitioners, exploring topics such as outreach, access, selection, retention, and progression. From widening participation leads and officers to national representative bodies and students from medical schools nationwide, the book sets out perspectives, guidelines, and research that can be applied throughout the medical student life cycle. Novel in approach and timely in content, this edited collection coincides with the drive to increase social mobility and the proportion of medical students from educationally and socially disadvantaged backgrounds, directly tackling the class system and elitism present in the medical professions.

This book will be of great benefit to scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students in the fields of medical education, multicultural education, and higher education, as well as those researching the idea of widening participation in the medical field and diversity in the professions more specifically.

A groundbreaking exploration of celiac disease, a serious autoimmune condition that affects approximately three million Americans, or 1 percent of the population
The manifestations of celiac disease-including anemia, gastrointestinal problems, and infertility-are diverse and can have severe consequences if left untreated. The only therapy is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Because many doctors know little about celiac, nearly half of the individuals with the disease remain undiagnosed, and many wait years for the correct diagnosis.
In Gluten Free for Life, Emily K. Abel delves into the social, cultural, and historical dimensions of celiac disease, and sheds light on the challenges faced by affected individuals. The book uncovers the profit- driven motivations behind certain food companies, which often produce exorbitantly priced and ultraprocessed gluten-free products that remain out of reach for many people. Abel also emphasizes the parallels between celiac disease and other disabilities, stressing the condition's invisible nature. The absence of observable symptoms poses significant challenges in terms of social interactions, workplace dynamics, and the overall perception of those living with the disease.
Abel cautions against viewing a medical cure as the sole solution for celiac disease. Instead, she advocates for a comprehensive approach that addresses the socioeconomic factors impacting adherence to the gluten-free diet. By redirecting attention toward necessary social and political reforms, Gluten Free for Life proposes remedies capable of alleviating the burdens faced by individuals with celiac disease.