社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This study traces the welfare regimes of Mauritius and South Africa from the early 20th century focusing on the historical circumstances that gave rise to the dominance of state-funded old-age pensions within their respective welfare frameworks. It highlights intersections between powerful business interests, the state, and social forces that sowed the seeds of social entitlements. Due to different mobilisation efforts of these social actors, both countries have spawned welfare regimes of different persuasions. Mauritius has maintained its long-standing traditions as a social democracy stretching back to the late 1950s, while South Africa continues relentlessly in pursuit of a liberal welfare state, a journey it has treaded since 1928 when the old-age pension laws first came into effect. While unravelling the innermost workings of welfare state development in Mauritius and South Africa, it also probes the present political and economic circumstances that have kept these two welfare regimes resolutely unchanged. Against this backdrop, it draws parallels between current welfare outcomes and those of old as they continue to chart their way into the future.

India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. The COVID-19 pandemic unified the international response in similar ways, and the world has a lot to learn about key initiatives in India that have been implemented since India's independence. This open-access book includes key learnings about the conceptualization, design, and impact of social welfare programs in India spanning more than a 75-year period.

This book analyses the effects of public governance reforms on gender equality policy in Finland. Recent economic crises, rising austerity and increasing opposition to gender equality have led to the defunding of gender equality bodies, and the side-lining of gender equality as a political goal. This policy backlash has taken place alongside transformations to the state and governance, that have changed the discourses, knowledge, actors, and practices of gender equality policy. This book contributes to these discussions by demonstrating the subtleties of the constantly changing governance reform agendas, their operation in practice, and how they intertwine with other elements of the gender equality policy backlash. It is based on more than 100 interviews with civil servants, politicians, non-governmental organisations, social partners, and think tanks, and a broad range of policy documents and media material. It will appeal to students and scholars of gender studies, public policy and governance.

The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) has grown exponentially over the last few decades; however, recent global competition is forcing the industry to examine its performance focusing on productivity, efficiency and growth capabilities. While the industry as a whole has proved resilient to economic slowdowns, the performance of individual firms in the industry have displayed large disparities. There is also evidence of disparity among the Indian states.

Efficiency and productivity act as good performance indicators. Performance Analysis of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry estimates the extent of technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of IPI and to identify their major affecting factors. A comparison between efficiency and TFPG of IPI is made, looking at the common factors responsible for variations in efficiency and TFPG of IPI.

Chakraborty and Pal examine the import and export of Indian medicines to understand the place of the industry on a global scale and assess what can be done to become more competitive. The international comparison of this study will appeal and be useful for researchers, industry professionals and policy makers.

This open access book sets out simple solutions to managing complex catastrophes. It focusses on four kinds of crises - climate change, crime-war cascades, epidemics and financial crises. These catastrophes are conceived as complex and prone to cascade effects. This book is optimistic in explaining that there are identifiable simple institutions that international society can strengthen and some simple principles that can help humankind to control the expanding gamut of complex catastrophes that confront the planet including simple, stable institutions and regulatory bodies. It draws on a wide range of current and past crises and challenges, from the Cold War to COVID-19, and from Weapons of Mass Destruction to restorative diplomacy with States like China, to provide an urgent and timely path forward.

Braithwaite argues that improved peacemaking, and step by step progress toward abolition of Weapons of Mass Destruction helps prevent environmental, pandemic, and financial catastrophes. His method across four kinds of crises is first to prioritize simple principles and simple institutions that prevent coupled catastrophes from cascading one to the other. The next step is to pursue requisite variety in responses by diagnosing dialectically when additional interventions will and will not add value for crisis control. Braithwaite argues that minimal sufficiency of deterrence, responsive regulation of risks, and restorative diplomacy offer superior theoretical foundations than realism in international relations theory and in organizational crime control. It speaks to those interested in criminology, public policy and international relations, political science, sociology, public health and economics.

This book provides a picture of recent developments in social policy and social work in Central and Southeast Europe, especially trends after the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated significant welfare modifications. Through a comparative method, the book draws analytical conclusions about the interdependence between welfare state reforms and social work practices in Central and Southeast Europe and provides an overview of future perspectives regarding social policy and social service provision in this region.

The country-based chapters of this contributed volume:

• outline the context in which social policy and social work have developed and map the main changes in the welfare state since the transition from socialism;
• elaborate the country-specific welfare state discourse and discussions, which through literature review depict the conceptual debates about the welfare state, social justice, equality, poverty, entitlements for cash transfer and services, privatization, and accessibility;
• indicate the key challenges in social policy and social work; and
• provide indications about the future perspectives of social policy and social service provision.

This book critically analyzes both the negative and positive impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic, focusing on changes in families, gender developments, and the evolution of social inequality structures.

The Corona pandemic, with its unprecedented restrictions on contact, has meant that families have been challenged in their functioning in a very special way. International studies show that socioeconomic factors such as education, income, but also the geographic center of life of families and women in particular, had an important influence on the management of the pandemic. Despite all negative side effects of the Corona pandemic, there were nevertheless also innovative impulses, especially in the field of social work, particularly work with families.

The book's 18 chapters, organized in six sections, highlight not only short-term changes but also longer-term developments that either require a corresponding concept of measures or action or can be evaluated as drivers of innovation in the pandemic.

• Part I: Introduction
• Part II: Family Dynamics
  
• Part III: Child Well-being
• Part IV: Social Work with Children and Families
• Part V: Gender and COVID-19
  
• Part VI: Conclusion

The special feature of the volume is its global perspective. Authors from different countries describe changes and developments on these topics and make clear what profound effects the pandemic had on families, social inequality structures, and gender-specific situations. The anthology does not comprehensively reflect international perspectives. Rather, it leaves it up to readers to compare the developments in the respective countries with their own country of origin from a comparative cultural perspective. In this way, ideas for future, overarching research projects may be stimulated.

Family Dynamics, Gender and Social Inequality During COVID-19 is timely and relevant reading for scientists, students, and practitioners in sociology, social work, and political science.

Disabled people have played a key role in reshaping EU governance, leveraging times of reform to enhance their societal and legislative standing. In Collective Action and Civil Society: Disability Advocacy in EU Decision-Making, author Claudia Harris Coveney spotlights the European Disabled People's Movement (EDPM), examining its pivotal role and collective action within EU governance.

Diving into the intricate relationship between civil society organizations (CSOs), social movements, and EU governance, chapters explore how certain organizations come to represent social movements within governance, and the resulting impact on policy and decision-making. Critically analysing the role of CSOs in decision-making processes, the author explores their function with other stakeholders and interest groups, and evaluates the challenges and opportunities presented by governance frameworks. Her work scrutinizes the concept of hegemony, how social movements negotiate existing power structures, and the conditions under which this can lead to counter-hegemonic change. Concluding with suggestions for a classification of different types of campaigns and a plan for future action, Coveney envisions the future of group initiatives, considering the changing landscape of political power, its distribution among stakeholders, and the evolving role of community groups.

Unpacking the dynamics at play between CSOs, social movements, and governance in the European context, Collective Action and Civil Society offers an essential understanding of the potential for social change at a time of social turbulence.

This book is about child sexual abuse in India. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious and wide-spread problem in India as it is in many parts of the world today. The trauma associated with sexual abuse can contribute to arrested development, as well as a host of psychological and emotional disorders, that some children and adolescents may never overcome. This edited book discusses the nature and incidence of the sexual abuse of minors in India and presents an overview of research findings to date. Socio-cultural and familial risk factors involved in CSA are discussed. Common symptoms and disorders associated with sexual abuse are outlined. The book also provides guidance on child protective services, coordinated response in preventing child abuse, mental health, and law enforcement. Finally, it discusses cognitive behavioral interventions to overcome the trauma caused due to sexual abuse.

This book is about access to mental health care in South Asia. South Asia consists of eight countries with low and middle-income backgrounds. The region contains a combined population of about 2 billion, making up about a quarter of the global population. The people of this region share common cultures, beliefs, and behavioral patterns regarding physical and mental health. Among them, about 15% (about 300 million) have been suffering from common mental disorders. However, there is a persisting high treatment gap for mental illness in the region. Hence, despite having a mental illness, only a small percentage of the population is able to have access to essential mental healthcare. Though governments are trying to bridge the gap by improving mental health policies and programs, it is still a major challenge delivering mental healthcare to all people in need. Due to the income category and dual disease burden of the countries, there are some additional enduring challenges like poor funding and research, inadequate and inequitable manpower, huge out-of-pocket expenses, poor mental health literacy, income disparity, and high stigma. This book aims to highlight the issues related to accessing mental health services in a densely populated low and middle-income setting. This book is the first of its kind in comparing and contrasting the delivery status of mental health services in South Asian countries.