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This book investigates mine closure and local responses in South Africa, linking dependencies and social disruption.

Mine closure presents a major challenge to the mining industry and government policymakers globally, but particularly in the Global South. South Africa is experiencing notable numbers of mine closures, and this book explores the notion of social disruption, a concept often applied to describe the effects of mine growth on communities but often neglecting the impact of mine closures. The book begins with three theoretical chapters that discuss theory, closure cost frameworks and policy development in South Africa. It uses evolutionary governance theory to show how mining creates dependencies and how mining growth often blinds communities and governments to the likelihood of closure. Too easily, mining goes ahead with no concern for the possibility, or indeed inevitability, of eventual closure and how mining communities will cope. These impacts are showcased through eight place-based case studies from across South Africa, one focusing on mine workers, to demonstrate that mine closure causes significant social disruption.

This book will be of interest to students and scholars researching the social impacts of mining and the extractive industries, social geography and sustainable development, as well as policymakers and practitioners working with mine closure and social impact assessments.

Modern Data Visualization with R describes the many ways that raw and summary data can be turned into visualizations that convey meaningful insights. It starts with basic graphs such as bar charts, scatter plots, and line charts, but progresses to less well-known visualizations such as tree maps, alluvial plots, radar charts, mosaic plots, effects plots, correlation plots, biplots, and the mapping of geographic data. Both static and interactive graphics are described and the use of color, shape, shading, grouping, annotation, and animations are covered in detail. The book moves from a default look and feel for graphs, to graphs with customized colors, fonts, legends, annotations, and organizational themes.

Features

• Contains a wide breadth of graph types including newer and less well-known approaches
• Connects each graph type to the characteristics of the data and the goals of the analysis
• Moves the reader from simple graphs describing one variable to building visualizations that describe complex relationships among many variables
• Provides newer approaches to creating interactive web graphics via JavaScript libraries
• Details how to customize each graph type to meet users' needs and those of their audiences
• Gives methods for creating visualizations that are publication ready for print (in color or black and white) and the web
• Suggests best practices
• Offers examples from a wide variety of fields

The book is written for those new to data analysis as well as the seasoned data scientist. It can be used for both teaching and research, and will particularly appeal to anyone who needs to describe data visually and wants to find and emulate the most appropriate method quickly. The reader should have some basic coding experience, but expertise in R is not required. Some of the later chapters (e.g., visualizing statistical models) assume exposure to statistical inference at the level of analysis of variance and regression.

Named One of Barack Obama's Favorite Books of the Year

A vivid account of the past, present, and future of economic growth, showing how and why we must continue to pursue it while responding to the challenges it creates.

Over the past two centuries, economic growth has freed billions from the struggle for subsistence and made our lives far healthier and longer. Yet prosperity has come at a price: environmental destruction, desolation of local cultures, the rise of vast inequalities and destabilizing technologies. Faced with such damage, many now claim that the only way forward is through "degrowth," deliberately shrinking our economic footprint. But to abandon humanity's progress would be folly. Instead, Daniel Susskind argues, we must keep growth but redirect it, making it better reflect what we truly value.

In a sweeping analysis full of historical insight, Susskind shows how policymaking came to revolve around a single-minded quest for greater GDP. This is a surprisingly recent development: economic growth was barely discussed until the second half of the twentieth century. And our understanding of what drives it is more recent still. Only lately have we come to see how humankind emerged from its millennia of stagnation: through the sustained discovery of powerful and productive new ideas.

This insight undermines the mantra that "we cannot have infinite growth on a finite planet," for the world of ideas is infinitely vast. Yet growth's critics are right to insist that we can no longer focus on its upsides alone. We must confront the tradeoffs, Susskind contends: sometimes, societies will have to deliberately pursue less growth for the sake of other goals. These will be moral decisions, not simply economic ones, demanding the engagement not just of politicians and experts but of all citizens.

This fully revised and updated second edition is an essential introduction to inferential statistics. It is the first introductory statistics text to use an estimation approach from the start and also to explain the new and exciting Open Science practices, which encourage replication and enhance the trustworthiness of research. The estimation approach, with meta-analysis ("the new statistics"), is exactly what's needed for Open Science.

Key features of this new edition include:

• Even greater prominence for Open Science throughout the book. Students easily understand basic Open Science practices and are guided to use them in their own work. There is discussion of the latest developments now being widely adopted across science and medicine.
• Integration of new open-source esci (Estimation Statistics with Confidence Intervals) software, running in jamovi. This is ideal for the book and extends seamlessly to what's required for more advanced courses, and also by researchers. See www.thenewstatistics.com/itns/esci/jesci/.
• Colorful interactive simulations, including the famous dances, to help make key statistical ideas intuitive. These are now freely available through any browser. See www.esci.thenewstatistics.com/.
• Coverage of both estimation and null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) approaches, with full guidance on how to translate between the two.
• Effective learning strategies and pedagogical features to promote critical thinking, comprehension and retention

Designed for introduction to statistics, data analysis, or quantitative methods courses in psychology, education, and other social and health sciences, researchers interested in understanding Open Science and the new statistics will also appreciate this book. No familiarity with introductory statistics is assumed.

The word 'Halal' translates to 'permissible' in English, though it encapsulates a broader meaning that goes beyond permissibility and impermissibility. Halal incorporates hygiene, cleanliness, legality, compliance, ethics as well as cultural aspects. This book provides a holistic overview of the relevant concepts but also covers Shariah, commercial, regulatory and technological aspects of the global Halal industry. It is not confined to a specific region, country or sector, rather it gives a comprehensive summary of the developments and growth across all sectors of the Halal industry, at the regional but also the global level.

It is a well-researched and accessible volume which sets out to demystify some of the more challenging areas and offers an in-depth synopsis of each of the research questions it answers. The book also contributes a series of chapters with specialized treatment. It explores the key Shariah issues and guiding principles of Islamic law, technical know-how within various sectors such as Halal food, tourism, cosmetics, pharma, logistics, supply chain, media & fashion and offers a discussion on Artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and blockchain in different sectors of the Halal industry. Moreover, this work proposes viable solutions to the challenges faced by the industry such as the harmonization of Halal standards.

Beneficial to audiences of all levels from beginners to advanced, it will be a handy reference for researchers and advanced students studying Islamic business and economics, Halal management, nutritional sciences, tourism, media, fashion and pharmaceuticals. It will also be of benefit to practitioners, policymakers and legal and standard-setting bodies.

The surprising story of how Cold War foes found common cause in transforming China's economy into a source of cheap labor, creating the economic interdependence that characterizes our world today.

For centuries, the vastness of the Chinese market tempted foreign companies in search of customers. But in the 1970s, when the United States and China ended two decades of Cold War isolation, China's trade relations veered in a very different direction. Elizabeth Ingleson shows how the interests of US business and the Chinese state aligned to reframe the China market: the old dream of plentiful customers gave way to a new vision of low-cost workers by the hundreds of millions. In the process, the world's largest communist state became an indispensable component of global capitalism.

Drawing on Chinese- and English-language sources, including previously unexplored corporate papers, Ingleson traces this transformation to the actions of Chinese policymakers, US diplomats, maverick entrepreneurs, Chinese American traders, and executives from major US corporations including Boeing, Westinghouse, J. C. Penney, and Chase Manhattan Bank. Long before Walmart and Apple came to China, businesspeople such as Veronica Yhap, Han Fanyu, Suzanne Reynolds, and David Rockefeller instigated a trade revolution with lasting consequences. And while China's economic reorganization was essential to these connections, Ingleson also highlights an underappreciated but crucial element of the convergence: the US corporate push for deindustrialization and its embrace by politicians.

Reexamining two of the most significant transformations of the 1970s-US-China rapprochement and deindustrialization in the United States-Made in China takes bilateral trade back to its faltering, uncertain beginnings, identifying the tectonic shifts in diplomacy, labor, business, and politics in both countries that laid the foundations of today's globalized economy.

This book provides a detailed structured analysis of the transition that has taken place in the Indian economy since independence to the present times (including the period of COVID-19 pandemic). Analysing objectives, achievements and failure of planning, the book discusses the crisis in the late 1980s, followed by economic reforms - structural changes and stabilization policies implemented along with regional variation on the development pattern across states.

The book also examines policies of distribution, poverty, inequality, and unemployment, reform measures in major sectors, namely, banking or financial sector in general, tax or fiscal policy, external or trade and exchange rate policy. This volume will be useful for students, researchers and faculty working in the field of economics, development studies, political science and public administration. The book will also be an invaluable companion to policymakers looking for a thorough and compact view of the transition in the Indian economic situation and the resulting policy changes which took place since India's independence.

This open access book examines how civic organizations can influence tax policy and administration in ways that benefit ordinary citizens, through in-depth case studies from a wide range of countries including France, Guatemala, Kenya, Mexico, Philippines, Uganda, and the United States. These cases demonstrate the ways in which civic coalitions have crafted convincing narratives and used creative strategies to change the political incentives of policymakers and yield more equitable tax reform. The cases cover a wide range of types of tax reform, from taxes on specific items like fuel, tobacco and mobile money applications, to personal and corporate income taxes. They also highlight the use of a variety of approaches by civic actors-such as media campaigns, advocacy with legislators, and strategic litigation-to influence policy. These examples, covering a range of lower and higher income countries, across many aspects of tax systems, give us useful examples to build on, demonstrating that citizens everywhere can influence tax policy and ultimately secure fairer societies.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on www.bloomsburycollections.com.

Globalization: A Key Idea for Business and Society analyzes today's process of global integration. Globalization is seen as a complex phenomenon, the drivers of which are of a technological, institutional, cultural and, not least, political nature.

The book includes a historical analysis of the rise, and fall, of the "first globalization" wave which took place between the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the Great War. The chapters focus on the measurement of the global integration process, on the in-depth analysis of the above mentioned "drivers", and on some of the actors playing a relevant role in the process itself - multinational companies and governments as owners of global companies. The conclusion of the book provides a perspective on the current "globalization backlash", its determinants and possible future alternative scenarios.

This book is an ideal resource for students and practitioners interested in past, present and future globalization.

Discover the history, causes, impacts, and potential future of global food shortages-a problem for all of humanity, not just the developing world.

This important reference work takes an in-depth look at the geographic nature of the problem of global food shortages, helping readers to understand that while this is not a problem that exists everywhere, it is a problem that touches everyone.

The book begins with an introduction to the basics of global food shortages, moves through the history of the issue, and then explains the current state of affairs. From there, it examines root causes, proposes solutions, and takes a speculative look into the future. This organization moves readers through the problem in a systematic and easy-to-follow manner, while also allowing them to explore each aspect of the issue individually. A curated selection of further readings at the end of each chapter points readers toward resources for additional research and discovery. The book concludes with a selection of perspective essays written by expert contributors. Each explores a different facet of the topic, from the potential of GMO crops to the impact of food waste.

Food Shortage Crisis illustrates that the problems of food scarcity and insecurity are neither new nor confined to the developing world. They are the result of a complex interplay of issues at every stage of the process of feeding humanity, from food production to sale and distribution to consumption. Age-old factors such as poverty and inequality are compounded by new realities such as climate change. Global food shortages affect more than human health; they have the potential to cause economic devastation, trigger civil unrest and international conflicts, and change how we as humans interact with the planet and each other.

This comprehensive and authoritative one-stop resource examines the issue of food insecurity in the United States, including the various economic, social, political, and cultural factors that drive the problem.

Social welfare agencies, schools, food banks, and other organizations have all put forth efforts to combat food insecurity, but it remains a serious risk for millions of poor Americans today. Food Insecurity: A Reference Handbook examines the reasons why food insecurity remains such a longstanding problem in American society.

Beginning with a history of food insecurity from the country's origins to the present day, the book also delves into the problems and controversies related to food insecurity, such as urban food deserts, substance abuse impacts, nutrition education, and income inequality. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the history of food insecurity in a manner that helps the reader identify key issues in an easy-to-understand fashion. The book's Perspectives chapter presents a broad range of voices on various facets of food insecurity, providing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the coverage and expertise of the authors.

Illustrated by the experience of the World Bank, this book explains how knowledge management, traditionally viewed as being about information systems and processes, can play a fundamental corporate role by creating a competitive edge for organizations, increasing team performance, and fostering effective, large-scale organizational change. Rich and powerful stories, told by economic development practitioners and knowledge management specialists throughout the World Bank, describe the strategies, instruments, tools, and processes at the core of one of the most important and radical reorganizations of the world's premier international development institution. Going far beyond other knowledge management titles, this book:

• shows how knowledge management can be a source of competitive advantage and team performance, rather than a back-room support function
• focuses on the role of the "software" of knowledge management, most notably the use of communities, culture, and collaboration across internal silos to create value; and
• demonstrates the role that knowledge management can play in fostering innovation, and development of new business lines and strategies by global teams in diverse locations

Written not only for knowledge management professionals, but also for C-suite executives and middle managers who will see the benefits of bringing knowledge management to the core of organizational performance and competitive advantage, the book provides practical examples that can be replicated in other large global knowledge, financing, and development institutions and that will be relevant for public, private, and non-profit organizations.

This book provides a one-stop resource for understanding the full dimensions of income inequality in the USA, including chief socioeconomic drivers of inequality and proposals to reduce the widening gap between rich and poor in America.

Carefully researched and scrupulously nonpartisan, this resource examines the history and current state of income inequality in the USA, with a particular focus on key issues, events, and political/economic philosophies relevant to the enduring divide between rich and poor in America. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the complex history of income inequality in an easy-to-understand fashion that helps readers identify and assess the ways in which income inequality shapes many aspects of modern American society. The book is even-handed in its treatment of the academic and policy debates over the causes, consequences, and appropriate response to today's growing inequality.

In addition, this resource provides insights into the financial underpinnings of debt and wealth and capitalism and how all of those factors perpetuate themselves. It also examines problems and challenges related to child care, education, transportation, housing, and saving for retirement that hamper so many poor people in their efforts to lift their households out of poverty.

The concept of Rainbow Revolution is an integrated development of crop cultivation, horticulture, forestry, fishery, poultry, animal husbandry, and food processing industry. The concept of Smart Farming Technologies in agriculture is a step towards sustainability. India has already achieved resilience in agriculture, including the horticultural sector, through effective agricultural technology generation and is now on the threshold of a "rainbow revolution" that will ensure both household nutrition security and prosperity for its people.

This book will be of immense value to the scientific community involved in teaching, research and extension activities related to strategies for achieving Rainbow Revolution for enhancing farmers' income, food, and nutrition security. The book can also serve as a very useful reference for policymakers and practicing farmers.

This book examines how extractivism transforms territories and affects the well-being of rural people, drawing on in-depth fieldwork conducted on tree plantations in Chile.

The book argues that pine and eucalyptus monoculture plantations in southern Chile are a form of extractivism representing a mode of nature appropriation that captures large amounts of natural resources to produce wooden-based raw materials with little processing and an export-oriented focus. The book discusses the nexus of extractivism, territorial transformations, well-being, and emerging resistances using a participatory action research methodological approach in the Region of Los Rios, southern Chile. The findings show how the configuration of an extractivist logging enclave generated a substantial and irrevocable reordering of human-nature relations, resulting in the territorial and ontological occupation of rural places that disrupted the fundamental human needs of peasants and indigenous people. The book maintains that Chile's green growth development approach does not challenge the consolidated tree plantation enclave controlled by large multinationals. Instead, green growth legitimises the extractivist logic. The book draws parallels with other countries and regions to contribute to wider debates surrounding these topics.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, development studies, political ecology, and natural resource governance.