言語学 — 全 下位分類

This book explores how language and communication shape the increasingly entangled lives of people and sea turtles at the nexus of sea turtle conservation and ecotourism. Here, new ecocultural identities are taking shape as people strive to make sense of their shifting multispecies landscape, and as sea turtles gradually reclaim beaches after decades of absence.
The book offers researchers in ecolinguistics and related ecologically engaged fields in discourse analysis an integrative theoretical and methodological approach to empirically investigate the human and 'more-than-human' discourses and practices shaping problematic human-wildlife interaction. Containing short vignettes in each chapter covering the biology and behaviours of sea turtles, this book suggests how discourse analysts might contribute to a 'life-sustaining multispecies ethics' in an uncertain socio-ecological time increasingly being referred to as the Anthropocene.

Refreshed and updated, the fifth edition of this core textbook offers a clear and engaging introduction to the building blocks of the English language, namely its words, sounds and sentences. Assuming no prior knowledge, it combines accessibility with depth, offering detailed explanations of key topics and theories, including variation in vocabularies, the International Phonetic Alphabet and relevance theory in relation to pragmatics. Packed full of exercises to help consolidate learning, and equipped with examples and illustrations throughout, An Introduction to English Language is essential reading for undergraduate students of English language and linguistics and a valuable resource for students and teachers of English as a second or foreign language.

This new edition features:
- An enhanced text design
- Updated examples
- Refreshed illustrations
- New and improved exercises
- Revised further reading lists.

The book is divided into three parts, with succinct overviews and clearly-defined learning outcomes at the start of each section, followed by glossaries of technical terms at the end. It is also accompanied by a wealth of online resources, including downloadable PowerPoints, MP3 audio files, MP4 video lectures, and quizzes, further supporting readers in achieving their goals.

Econarratives are all around us, describing and shaping human interactions with other species and the physical environment. This book provides a foundational theory of econarrative, drawing from narratology, human ecology, critical discourse analysis, and ecolinguistics, and offering insights from a rich variety of texts including:

? Creation myths
? Indigenous podcasts
? Ethical leadership speeches
? Haiku poetry
? Documentary films
? New nature writing
? Advertisements and campaigns
? Apocalyptic stories

Adopting a global, transdisciplinary approach, it conducts in-depth analysis of specific works, including the Cherokee myth How the World Was Made, the speeches of Vandana Shiva, Nightwalk by Chris Yates, Naomi Klein's documentary This Changes Everything, the podcasts of Mohawk seed-keeper Rowen White, the Book of Revelation, and The Dark Mountain Manifesto.

Raising awareness of the powerful role that language plays in structuring our lives and society, the book reveals narratological and linguistic features that convey activation, emotion, empathy, identity, placefulness, enchantment, compassion and other key factors that shape interactions with the natural world. If we want real, fundamental change, then we must search for new econarratives to live by.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Translation Studies is an exploration of the history of translation and interpreting studies (TIS) as a field of intellectual enquiry.

The volume covers the evolution of thinking on translation, from the earliest discourses in Assyria, Egypt, Israel, China, India, Greece, and Rome, up to the early 20th century when TIS emerged as an identifiable academic field. The volume also traces the institutionalization of TIS and its key concepts from their beginnings in the 1920s in Ukraine up to their contemporary interdisciplinary manifestations. Written by leading international scholars, many of whom played a direct role in the events they describe, the chapters in this volume provide a comprehensive and in-depth account of the birth and consolidation of translation and interpreting studies as a thriving interdiscipline.

With a focus on providing readers with the methodological and theoretical tools they need to conduct research, as well as background in the historiography of TIS, this handbook is an indispensable resource for all students and researchers of translation and interpreting studies.

This volume provides six distinct frameworks for integrating translanguaging and multimodality as pedagogical possibilities in today's classrooms and beyond. It brings the two constructs together in investigating the language and literacy experiences of multilingual learners across a range of sociocultural and educational contexts.

The book features contributions from scholars across the Global North and Global South who embrace the importance of validating scholarly experiences from the Global South as a way to transcend geographical boundaries in creating more equitable knowledge spaces. The contributing authors share their innovative theoretical and methodological orientations to translanguaging and multimodality, informed by their considerable expertise as scholars and educators. They address conceptual questions such as issues related to cultural flow, civic and professional identities, entanglement, materiality, "first-order languaging," and raciolinguistic ideologies. Each chapter deals with these questions through integrated and innovative analyses of empirical evidence in: Chinese word instruction, teacher professional development, multimodal composition, online language tutoring, and online teaching videos in Global South societies or transnational interactions. Together, the chapters push against normative theoretical and applied boundaries to help us envision new dynamic intersections of translanguaging and multimodality for today's classrooms and societies.

Provocative and disruptive, this book explores the possibilities of mixing and remixing definitions, epistemological standpoints, and methodological options and shows the continuing growth found in translanguaging and multimodality research worldwide. It will be a key resource for practitioners, researchers, and scholars of education and pedagogy, bilingual education, language and literacy education, applied linguistics, literacy studies, and language arts. It was originally published as a special issue of Pedagogies: An International Journal.

The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Language and Culture represents the first English anthology that delves into the fascinating and thought-provoking relationship between the Chinese language and culture, exploring various macro and micro perspectives.

Chinese culture boasts a history of ten thousand years, while the Chinese language's recorded history spans at least three thousand years, dating back to the Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions (OBI).

This handbook is comprised of 17 chapters from 18 scholars including Victor Mair and William S-Y. Wang. Many chapters approach their respective topics with a comprehensive and historical outlook. Certain extensive subjects are addressed in multiple chapters, complementing one another. These topics include:

• The languages and peoples of China, and the southern Chinese dialects
• Mandarin's evolution into a national language and its related writing reforms
• Language as a propaganda tool in the Cultural Revolution and in contemporary China
• Chinese idioms and colloquialisms

This book offers an approachable exploration of the subject, appealing to both specialists and enthusiasts of the Chinese language and culture.

How do we intentionally design physical environments for language learning and teaching? How can we build spaces that are inclusive, accessible, safe and equitable?

While the Covid-19 pandemic has advanced notions of online education, it has also revealed the benefits and affordances of human-to-human interaction in physical learning spaces. This book explores the design of physical spaces intended for language learning specifically.

From residential learning spaces to active classrooms, from social and experiential spaces to zoom rooms and language centers, from mobile community-based learning to hybrid makerspaces, language learners and educators have more choices than ever regarding their possible learning environments. Changing pedagogies and new technologies provide ever more alternatives to the normalized technology of the classroom. With a focus on creating new awareness of the affordances and benefits of physical spaces as active agents in the language learning and teaching processes, this book takes a practical approach to introduce readers without any prior knowledge of design or architecture to the topic. As language learning spaces need to consider stakeholders from diverse cultures, Felix Kronenberg provides examples from language centers around the world, including Asia, Europe and the United States. Readers will learn how to conceptualize and create supportive, resilient, flexible, inclusive, accessible, affordable, sustainable, and safe physical learning spaces. The book is an interdisciplinary introduction to this emerging field, drawing from research in disciplines such as architecture, learning spaces design, second language acquisition, pedagogy, history, and sociology.

Appalachian Englishes (AEs) possess an array of linguistic features that distinguish them from other American Englishes, yet the rich history of language in the United States has created a wealth of linguistic resources through factors such as immigration and contact, providing the environment for AEs to grow and adapt in ways that are also similar to other varieties of English. AEs have a long history of representation in linguistic literature, but until now no single work has examined the interplay of language production and perception with an eye toward the role that language plays in the construction of personal and social identities.

The Social Life of Appalachian Englishes takes a sociolinguistic/sociocultural approach to exploring specific linguistic features highlighted in the Linguistic Atlas Projects and the social life of Appalachian varieties in terms of perceptions and use. Focusing on the single theme of the social life of language in Appalachia, the book aims to explore the implications of the kinds of variation found, reinforce the notion that social meaning and variation are inseparable, and illustrate how linguistic production and perception are interrelated. It uses new data to amplify this theme, presenting a novel combination of data from different sociolinguistic traditions (specifically, perceptual dialectology and traditional atlas-style dialectology). Opportunities for engagement are provided through QR codes linking to additional resources and discussion questions and exercises at the end of each chapter.

This book is designed for students and researchers interested in general linguistics, sociolinguistics, American Englishes, language variation, linguistic anthropology, and Appalachian studies.

What kind of language is Latin, and who is it for? Contrary to most accounts, this book tells the story of Latin as a language of ordinary people. Surveying the whole span of the language's history, it explores the evidence that exists for everyday Latin around the Roman world, arguing that this material is just as worthy of readers' attention as the famous classics. Those classics are reassessed in the light of popular concerns, as works of art that evoke ancient, sustainable and communal ways of living, encompassing broad and diverse traditions of readers through time.

This account also revisits what happened to the language after the Roman empire, tracing its twin streams - intellectual lingua franca and a series of Romance languages - into the twenty-first century. What emerges is a human chain stretching back thousands of years and still in existence today, a story of workers and weavers, violets and roses, storytellers and musicians - a common and democratic archive of world history. Kerrigan's strong and attractive case for a new conception of Latin sends out a call to arms to re-evaluate the place of Latin in history. On the one hand, an interesting and readable history of the language, on the other, this book sets out to provoke questions for readers, students and teachers of Latin, as well as anyone interested in the ancient Mediterranean world. Latin was and should always be for all.

This volume highlights the ways in which recent developments in corpus linguistics and natural language processing can engage with topics across language studies, humanities and social science disciplines.

New approaches have emerged in recent years that blur disciplinary boundaries, facilitated by factors such as the application of computational methods, access to large data sets, and the sharing of code, as well as continual advances in technologies related to data storage, retrieval, and processing. The "march of data" denotes an area at the border region of linguistics, humanities, and social science disciplines, but also the inevitable development of the underlying technologies that drive analysis in these subject areas.

Organized into 3 sections, the chapters are connected by the underlying thread of linguistic corpora: how they can be created, how they can shed light on varieties or registers, and how their metadata can be utilized to better understand the internal structure of similar resources. While some chapters in the volume make use of well-established existing corpora, others analyze data from platforms such as YouTube, Twitter or Reddit. The volume provides insight into the diversity of methods, approaches, and corpora that inform our understanding of the "border regions" between the realms of data science, language/linguistics, and social or cultural studies.

Offering a solid, research-based approach along with sound practical advice, this book equips you with the skills you need to analyse your own contexts and develop your practice, whether through formal study or alone. Badger explores teaching English as a problem-solving activity addressing three fundamental questions: what aspect of language do students needs to learn, how do they learn it, and how can teachers support this learning.

This new edition includes updated references, a chapter on pragmatics, coverage of concepts such as translanguaging, CLIL, EMI, English as a lingua franca and sections on digital learning.

Topics covered include:
? Psychological and social learning processes
? TESOL teaching methods and approaches
? Lesson planning and classroom management
? English teacher professional development

The book also includes chapter summaries, activities for students and key readings recommendations, and online resources such as video case studies, additional exercises and multiple choice quizzes to consolidate learning. The book is ideal for both trainee and practicing teachers who want to develop their practice.

This book unpacks coordination in the context of the Strong Minimalist Thesis (SMT), offering a new proposal for addressing this longstanding puzzle within research on Generative Grammar.

The volume's foundations are rooted in the SMT, which builds on the idea that laws of nature, such as simplicity, symmetry, and computational efficiency, shape the laws of language to their simplest form, as units of computation combined with a recursive structure-building device. The book explores the two main ways in which Generative Grammar research has been undertaken to deal with the issue of coordination within SMT as examined in such linguistic expressions as conjuncts, which combine in an unstructured way, but which run counter to a strictly minimalist approach. Bode proposes an alternative account of coordination based on simplest set-formation without resorting to additional mechanisms, rooting it more squarely within SMT theory and encouraging further discussion on new directions for SMT-related research.

This volume will be of interest to scholars in syntax and linguistic theory, particularly those interested in minimalist theory.

This book is a collective volume bringing together scholars who share an interest in linguistics from an integrational point of view and in developing new directions for future scholarship.

Integrational linguistics invites us to rethink the theoretical and methodological premises of general linguistics by drawing on a different conception of the sign and by recognizing the creativity that human communication requires. Some chapters are concerned with concepts like the sign, contextualization, activity, and integration. Although being core concepts developed by the founder of integrational linguistics, Roy Harris, they have arguably remained underdeveloped in Harris' writings and thus call for further clarification and investigation. Other chapters are concerned with the notions of the self and the social, experience and interaction, with questions about individual agency and will, and human sociality and social organization, which all occupy a central position in integrational theory. Finally, remaining chapters focus on how scriptism and the language myth have influenced our way of thinking about communication in a broad sense.

This edited collection will be of interest to a multidisciplinary readership comprising those engaged in study, teaching, and research in the humanities and social sciences, including anthropology, the arts, education, linguistics, literary studies, philosophy, psychology, and semiotics.

The Language of Asian Gestures explores Asian gestures as a non-verbal language within the context of films and dramas.

This book provides a cross-cultural Asian perspective on a range of important common gestures and their meanings, covering a range of Asian regions including Korea, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, and Pakistan. While most studies focus on text-based communication, gestures find themselves overshadowed by text and speech. Asian gestures, too, often reside in the shadow of Eurocentric viewpoints. This book will shift this dynamic and amplify the voices that have typically been marginalised within 20th-century Eurocentric discussions.

The book will be informative for students and researchers interested in Asian languages, cultures, film studies, and pragmatics. It bridges the gap between words and gestures, unveiling a world of concealed meanings and enriching our understanding of diverse forms of expression.

This book makes the case for the value of a combined panel and trend study approach in studying real- and apparent-time language change to reconcile conspicuous disparities between the individual and the community. Through an examination of the Swabian dialect in southwestern Germany in two speech communities over four decades, this volume resolves critical methodological challenges in investigating lifespan and community change. This work affirms the importance of the speech community in shaping change and demonstrating how speakers' notions of local identity and community belonging inform their choice of linguistic variants.

Drawing on a comprehensive, integrated methodology, this research brings together diverse approaches for measuring changing social constructs and analyzing linguistic structures using state-of-the-art statistical methods bolstered by participant-observer and ethnographic observations. Beaman explores indexicalities of identity, accommodation, and geographic mobility to investigate how predictable sociolinguistic patterns promote variation and influence language change. Empirically, this volume documents processes of dialect leveling and supraregionalization and the emergence of a "Swabian Renaissance" among younger, well-educated urban speakers who leverage the social indexical status of certain linguistic variables to convey social meanings of local prestige and community belonging. Methodologically, this book offers best practices from a combined panel and trend study, demonstrating the compatibility and complementarity of real- and apparent-time analyses in uncovering the nature, rate, and dispersion of linguistic change. Theoretically, this work links intraspeaker lifespan change and interspeaker community change into a holistic approach, pushing forward our understanding of the role that "orderly heterogeneity" plays in language variation and change.

This book will be of interest to students and scholars in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, dialectology, and historical linguistics.

Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics: Building and Investigating an English as a Medium of Instruction Corpus offers a model for building a corpus of oral EMI seminars. It demonstrates how incorporating metaphor to the process of corpus building affords a more comprehensive description of the role of metaphor in discourse.

EMI is the specific context outlined in this volume, and as such it will be of particular interest to researchers in this area, though the design and model can be easily generalised and applied to other corpora focusing on metaphor. Alejo-Gonzalez argues for the need to build such a corpus given the scarcity of corpora being tagged for metaphor as well as the shortage of those dealing with the EMI phenomenon.

This book will be of practical use and interest to those researchers of corpus linguistics or related areas looking to explore metaphor through their corpus studies.

Developing Intercultural Language Materials puts intercultural competence at the forefront of the learning agenda. It unpicks its underlying theory and provides a framework and practical methodologies for practitioners, providing a toolkit for them to create their own learning materials and design their own classroom activities to nurture intercultural competence.

This innovative book showcases some of the new ways language teachers in practice successfully integrate this essential skill into their curricula. Directions for further research, pulling out recurring threads in this book, such as critical pedagogy and cultural sensibility, offer opportunities for professional development.

This research-grounded and action-oriented text is essential reading for language and cultural studies practitioners who want to help their students thrive in today's multicultural world.

Addressing the critical issue of teacher identity tensions, this edited volume looks at the tensions between teachers' instructional beliefs, values, and priorities, and the contextual constraints and requirements. It examines how teachers deal with these tensions to avoid demotivation and burnout, which play a significant role in identity construction. Tensions are inseparable from growth and transformation but have the potential to disrupt teacher identity construction. Therefore, continual efforts to resolve tensions in teaching are inevitable. The process of resolution or reconciliation might be extended, and teachers could need support in that process to minimize the possible negative impacts on their identities. This process can simultaneously generate positive outcomes for teachers' growth and learning. Therefore, how teachers perceive, respond to, and grapple with tensions are critical experiences that offer windows into the complexities of teacher identity negotiation.

The volume paints a picture of the personal, professional, and political dimensions of teacher identity tensions in various international contexts. The chapters draw on empirical studies with clear pedagogical implications to illustrate what identity tensions language teachers face in and outside the classroom during their career trajectory, how language teachers cope with identity tensions in their professional life, and how teacher educators can integrate identity tensions into teacher learning activities.

This book is beneficial for students and lecturers in applied linguistics, educational linguistics, and educational psychology. It will also be helpful of interest to teacher educators, teacher education researchers, teacher supervisors, and MA and doctoral students interested in research on language teacher identity.

In response to the cultural challenges in society and scholarship, this handbook presents the conceptions, assumptions, principles, methods, topics and issues in the studies of cultural forms of human communication-cultural discourses-by experts from around the world.

A culturalist programme in communication studies (CS), cultural discourse studies (CDS), as represented in this handbook, is a new current of thought in human and social science and a form of academic activism, but above all, it is a fresh paradigm of research committed to enhancing cultural harmony and prosperity on the one hand and facilitating intellectual plurality and innovation on the other hand. This handbook is the first of its kind; it is concerned with the identities of, and interactions between, the world's diverse cultural communities through locally-grounded and globally-minded, culturally conscious and critical approaches to their communicative practice. Contributors apply such insights, precepts and techniques, not merely to discover and describe past and present communication, but also to design and guide future communication.

This handbook is ideal for scholars and students interested in cultural aspects and issues of communication/discourse, as well as researchers of other fields looking to apply cultural discourse methods to their own projects.

This Handbook discusses the theoretical and disciplinary background to the study of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education worldwide. It highlights issues relating to EMI pedagogy, varying motivations for EMI education, and the delivery of EMI in diverse contexts across the world. The spread of English as a teaching medium and the lingua franca of the academic world has been the subject of various debates in recent years on the perceived hegemony of the English language and the 'domain loss' of non-English languages in academic communication. Encompassing a wide range of contributions to the field of EMI, the chapters of this Handbook are arranged in four distinct parts: Part I provides an overview of English-medium instruction in higher education worldwide; Part II focusses on EMI in Europe; Part III on EMI in the Middle East, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa; and Part IV on EMI in the Asian region. The overall scope and level of expertise of this Handbook provides an unrivalled overview of this field of education. It serves as an essential reference for many courses dealing with applied linguistics, English language education, multilingualism, sociolinguistics, and related subjects at many levels of education, including Master's and PhD-level studies. This Handbook serves as a valuable edition for university libraries across the world and an essential read for many faculty, undergraduate and postgraduate students, educators, and policymakers.

This book investigates the use of performative language pedagogy in working with refugees and migrants, exploring performative language teaching as the application of drama, music, dance and storytelling to second language acquisition.

Documenting a community-based project - funded by the Irish Research Council and conducted with three groups of refugees and migrants in Ireland and Italy - the book explores the methodological, pedagogical and ethical elements of performative language learning in the context of migration. Written by a team of arts-based researchers and practitioners, chapters discuss findings from the project that relate to factors such as embodied research methods, a motivation to belong and the ethical imagination, while exhibiting how performative language pedagogy can be effective in supporting children and adults in a range of challenging contexts.

Offering a poetic and pictorial representation of the Sorgente Project, this book will be of interest to postgraduate students, researchers and academics in the fields of English language arts and literacy education, drama in education, the sociology of education and second language acquisition more broadly. Those working in refugee and migrant studies, and teacher education studies will also find the volume of use.

Comics are a global phenomenon, and yet it's easy to distinguish the visual styles of comics from Asia, Europe, or the United States. But, do the structures of these visual narratives differ in more subtle ways? Might these comics actually be drawn in different visual languages that vary in their structures across cultures?

To address these questions, The Patterns of Comics seeks evidence through a sustained analysis of an annotated corpus of over 36,000 panels from more than 350 comics from Asia, Europe, and the United States. This data-driven approach reveals the cross-cultural variation in symbology, layout, and storytelling between various visual languages, and shows how comics have changed across 80 years. It compares, for example, the subtypes within American comics and Japanese manga, and analyzes the formal properties of Bill Watterson's Calvin and Hobbes across its entire 10-year run. Throughout, it not only uncovers the patterns in and across the panels of comics, but shows how these regularities in the visual languages of comics connect to the organizing principles of all languages.

English Medium Instruction (EMI) refers to the use of the English language to teach academic subjects where first language of the majority of the population is not English. One popular implementation of EMI, the Multilingual Model, would imply that some aspects (e.g. courses, sessions in some courses, and/or assessment) are taught through English, whereas the first language of the students is used in some other respects.

This volume explores context-related ways in which the multilingual EMI model and translingual practices are seen and enacted in higher education contexts across the globe. Research on this topic is not only timely but also very much needed, particularly in contexts that are relatively new to EMI, as well as in contexts where monolingual forms of teaching and monolingual institutional policies still prevail. Empirical, research-based studies as well as theoretical reviews that centre around multilingual and translingual practices in partial and full (i.e. English-only) EMI settings are elaborated, with case studies from Colombia, Indonesia, Iraq, Norway, Qatar, Spain, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, the UK and the USA.

'Time travels in divers paces with divers people.' Shakespeare's oft-quoted line contains a hidden ambiguity: not only do individual people experience time differently, but time travels in diverse paces when we are with diverse persons. The line articulates a contemporary understanding of subjective time: it is changed by interaction with our social environment. Interacting with other people-and even literary characters-can slow or quicken the experience of time. Interactive time, and the paradigm of enactive cognition in which it sits, calls for an expansion of traditional ideas of time in narrative. The first book-length study of interactive time in narrative, Catching Time explains how lived time and narrative time interpenetrate each other, so that the relational model of subjective time acts as a narrative function. Catching Time develops a novel, interdisciplinary framework, drawing on cognitive science, narratology, and linguistics, to understand the patterns of temporality that shape narrative.

This book uses sustainability to explore the interfaces between translation studies, the cultural history of knowledge, and Science and Technology studies (STS).

The volume examines various material, cultural and epistemic translation practices where sustainability serves as a boundary object between natural and cultural inquiry. By turning to the intellectual traditions that influenced but were left behind by STS and actor-network theory (ANT), we aim to challenge and expand the Sociology of Translation developed in ANT. Concepts such as 'inscription' (Derrida), 'actant', 'narrative' (Greimas), and 'world/worlding' (Heidegger, Spivak) were reemployed - translated - in the canonical STS-texts. What networks of meaning were left behind in this reemployment? The book showcases a combination of cultural and knowledge historical perspectives on the construction of the Sociology of Translation and practical experiments across the registers of nature and culture is novel. There have been brilliant individual attempts to realign the Sociology of Translation with narratives and modes of enunciation, but none has related the Sociology of Translation to the networks and traditions which enabled it but to which it erased its relations and debts.

This innovative work will appeal to scholars in translation studies, cultural studies, environmental humanities, medical humanities, and Science and Technology studies.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.